scholarly journals Exploring the Sustainability of the Cooperative Model in Dairy: The Case of the Netherlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos Bijman
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Cooperative Model ◽  
Cooperative Evolution ◽  
Transaction Costs Economics ◽  
Dairy Cooperatives ◽  
The Impact

Dairy cooperatives have existed in the Netherlands for more than 130 years. They hold a joint market share of more than 80% since the 1950s. This suggests that cooperatives are durable organizations in the dairy industry of the Netherlands. However, the number of dairy cooperatives has declined tremendously, with only five processing cooperatives left in 2015. The paper explores the paradox of high cooperative market share over a long period of time with a steady decline in the number of cooperatives. This historical account of the Dutch dairy industry distinguishes four periods of cooperative evolution. Classical theoretical explanations for the existence of cooperatives, such as bargaining power and transaction costs economics, can explain the rise of dairy cooperatives. However, they cannot sufficiently explain the long term success of the cooperative model in the Dutch dairy industry. Additional explanations can be found in institutional theory, including the impact of an enabling institutional environment.

scholarly journals The Impact of Function Focused Care From Acute Care to Home Care and Nursing Homes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 629-629
Author(s):  
Silke Metzelthin ◽  
Sandra Zwakhalen ◽  
Barbara Resnick
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Functional decline in older adults often lead towards acute or long-term care. In practice, caregivers often focus on completion of care tasks and of prevention of injuries from falls. This task based, safety approach inadvertently results in fewer opportunities for older adults to be actively involved in activities. Further deconditioning and functional decline are common consequences of this inactivity. To prevent or postpone these consequences Function Focused Care (FFC) was developed meaning that caregivers adapt their level of assistance to the capabilities of older adults and stimulate them to do as much as possible by themselves. FFC was first implemented in institutionalized long-term care in the US, but has spread rapidly to other settings (e.g. acute care), target groups (e.g. people with dementia) and countries (e.g. the Netherlands). During this symposium, four presenters from the US and the Netherlands talk about the impact of FFC. The first presentation is about the results of a stepped wedge cluster trial showing a tendency to improve activities of daily living and mobility. The second presentation is about a FFC training program. FFC was feasible to implement in home care and professionals experienced positive changes in knowledge, attitude, skills and support. The next presenter reports about significant improvements regarding time spent in physical activity and a decrease in resistiveness to care in a cluster randomized controlled trial among nursing home residents with dementia. The fourth speaker presents the content and first results of a training program to implement FFC in nursing homes. Nursing Care of Older Adults Interest Group Sponsored Symposium

Governance Structures in the EU Milk Supply Chain

2012 ◽  
pp. 736-748
Author(s):  
Nico Polman ◽  
Noortje Krol ◽  
Jack Peerlings ◽  
Pierre Dupraz ◽  
Dimitre Nikolov
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Governance Structures ◽  
Information Costs ◽  
Milk Supply ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
Hybrid Governance ◽  
Dairy Cooperatives ◽  
The Eu

Governance of the EU’s dairy sector changes will change as a result of the 2008 CAP reform. This chapter focuses on governance structures between dairy farms and milk processors and the role of the exchange of information. Information costs are an important category of transaction costs. To get insight in regional differences within the EU, literature research and interviews are conducted in three case study areas, namely: the Netherlands, Bulgaria, and France. Results show that in these countries both farmers and processors have incentives to form hybrid governance structures with a higher level of control compared to the current structures. Asymmetric information and the exchange of information play an important role in this contractual relation. Most dairy cooperatives have no additional advantage in managing milk quality and milk supply compared to investor owned firms. Chain integration could go a step further in Bulgaria compared to the Netherlands and France given the institutional environment that is not expected to guarantee milk quality and the focus on the export of milk.

Governance Structures in the EU Milk Supply Chain

2011 ◽  
pp. 182-195
Author(s):  
Nico Polman ◽  
Noortje Krol ◽  
Jack Peerlings ◽  
Pierre Dupraz ◽  
Dimitre Nikolov
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Governance Structures ◽  
Information Costs ◽  
Milk Supply ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
Hybrid Governance ◽  
Dairy Cooperatives ◽  
The Eu

Governance of the EU’s dairy sector changes will change as a result of the 2008 CAP reform. This chapter focuses on governance structures between dairy farms and milk processors and the role of the exchange of information. Information costs are an important category of transaction costs. To get insight in regional differences within the EU, literature research and interviews are conducted in three case study areas, namely: the Netherlands, Bulgaria, and France. Results show that in these countries both farmers and processors have incentives to form hybrid governance structures with a higher level of control compared to the current structures. Asymmetric information and the exchange of information play an important role in this contractual relation. Most dairy cooperatives have no additional advantage in managing milk quality and milk supply compared to investor owned firms. Chain integration could go a step further in Bulgaria compared to the Netherlands and France given the institutional environment that is not expected to guarantee milk quality and the focus on the export of milk.

Cross-Border E-Commerce Security Issues and Protections

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-119
Author(s):  
Sumaiya Thaseen ◽  
Aswani Kumar Cherukuri ◽  
Aarshitha Kopparapu ◽  
Gopika Velu
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Market Share ◽  
International Business ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Target Segment ◽  
Marketing Costs ◽  
The Impact

E-commerce enables brands to reach their customers globally anytime they want to shop and provide convenience to the busy and demanding customer. These days, cross-border e-commerce is accelerating faster compared to domestic e-commerce. Cross-border e-commerce is considered to be a separate body which has its own budget and resource allocation. It focuses on new opportunities that help in gaining market share and sales. This can result in lower marketing costs in the long-term. India contributes 0.8% of a $600 billion global cross-border e-commerce market. Thus, this is an enormous target segment that exporters can focus to expand their international business. There are numerous advantages of cross-border e-commerce, which will be discussed in detail in this chapter. This chapter discusses the meaning of GDPR, the subjects of GDPR, and the effects of GDPR on individuals and organizations. This chapter also states the impact of GDPR on different fields and technologies. In addition, the major cross-border e-commerce security issues are analyzed, and optimal solutions are discussed.

Evaluation of 2018 drought and effectiveness of adaptation measures in the Netherlands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein H.J. van Huijgevoort ◽  
Janine A. de Wit ◽  
Ruud P. Bartholomeus
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Capillary Rise ◽  
Hydrological Drought ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
The Impact

<p>Extreme dry conditions occurred over the summer of 2018 in the Netherlands. This severe drought event led to very low groundwater  and surface water levels. These impacted several sectors like navigation, agriculture, nature and drinking water supply. Especially in the Pleistocene uplands of the Netherlands, the low groundwater levels had a large impact on crop yields and biodiversity in nature areas. Projections show that droughts with this severity will occur more often in the future due to changes in climate. To mitigate the impact of these drought events, water management needs to be altered.</p><p>In this study, we evaluated the 2018 drought event in the sandy regions of the Netherlands and studied which measures could be most effective to mitigate drought impact. We have included meteorological, soil moisture and hydrological drought and the propagation of the drought through these types. Droughts were determined with standardized indices (e.g. Standardized Precipitation Index) and the variable threshold level method. Investigated measures were, for example, higher water levels in ditches, reduced irrigation from groundwater, and increased water conservation in winter. We also studied the timing of these measures to determine the potential for mitigating effects during a drought versus the effectiveness of long term adaptation. The measures were simulated with the agro-hydrological Soil–Water–Atmosphere–Plant (SWAP) model for several areas across the Netherlands for both agricultural fields and nature sites.</p><p>As expected, decreasing irrigation from groundwater reduced the severity of the hydrological drought in the region. Severity of the soil moisture drought also decreased in fields that were never irrigated due to the effects of capillary rise from the groundwater, but, as expected, increased in currently irrigated fields. Increasing the level of a weir in ditches had a relatively small effect on the hydrological drought, provided water was available to sustain higher water levels. This measure is, therefore, better suited as a long term change than as ad hoc measure during a drought. The effectiveness of the measures depended on the characteristics of the regions; for some regions small changes led to increases in groundwater levels for several months, whereas in other regions effects were lost after a few weeks. This study gives insight into the most effective measures to mitigate drought impacts in low-lying sandy regions like the Netherlands.</p>

scholarly journals Institutional environment tools for small and medium-sized enterprises development

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Deineha ◽  
Anatoly Maslov ◽  
Natalia Potryvaieva ◽  
Uliana Berezhnytska ◽  
Liudmyla Verbivska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Impact

This work's relevance is due to the need to improve the use of tools to stimulate the development of enterprises and the development of effective measures of government influence on the market economy. The article discusses the institutional environment's main characteristics in which enterprises of the real sector of the economy operate.Arguments showing the need for state support and development of small business, from the point of view of a key factor in the development of both the national economy and the factor of stabilization of the social sphere, are presented. The characteristic is given, and the main nuances of the impact and transformation of the institutional environment with the help of available tools are considered to achieve the effect of stable and long-term development of small and medium-sized enterprises.The article attempts to highlight the existing problems and the complex nature of the impact of instruments on enterprises' institutional environment.

CSR and Legitimacy of Indonesian Islamic Banks

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1242-1251
Author(s):  
Adi Susilo Jahja Et.al
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Business Continuity ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
The Impact

Every bank needs to strengthen their society's acceptance to exist and grow in the long term. As a country with the largest Muslim population, Islamic banks’ market share in Indonesia is still relatively small. These banks should obtain legitimacy from stakeholders for business continuity and growth. To ensure legitimacy, the impact of all of the corporation's activities on society's welfare is a significant concern. Several studies showed that CSR activities are needed to increase legitimacy. However, previous studies regarding CSR and legitimacy mostly used the positive paradigm, and mostly conducted in Western societies. Since the discussion on this matter in Islamic banking in Indonesia is not yet found, this study aims to understand how Islamic banks in Indonesia implement CSR to gain legitimacy using an Islamic perspective. This research is based on the ontology that reality is constructed by business actors who implement CSR programs. A qualitative case study is used by interviewing practitioners who are in charge of CSR programs in the two largest Islamic banks in Indonesia and supported by banks’ reports. This study reveals how legitimacy is achieved in the context of an Indonesian Islamic bank.

scholarly journals Producer Behaviour, Market Structure, and Technology in Indian Dairy Industry

1981 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tushaar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Dairy Cooperatives ◽  
The Impact

This paper develops the hypothesis that modern dairy cooperatives are able to generate a sizable surplus which is not the conventional producer's surplus. Besides examining the relevance of this surplus to the problem of two‐axis pricing of milk, the author also discusses, in some detail, the impact of this surplus on the economics of a typical feeder balancing dairy.

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