scholarly journals Gender Equality, Human Development, and PISA Results over Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
Janine Anne Campbell ◽  
Joseph McIntyre ◽  
Natalia Kucirkova
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
System Level ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Study Support ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Gender equality through the empowerment, representation, and provision of equal opportunities for all, regardless of gender, is increasingly recognised as a driver of social outcomes and a fundamental human right. This study explores the longitudinal (2006–2018) relationship between gender equality, human development, and education results as measured by PISA. Gender equality and human development are consistently correlated with PISA scores at each time point; however, when controlling for starting values and country effects only change in gender equality positively predicts change in PISA scores (F = 22.6, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.58). Research and policy implications for the longitudinal interpretation of the relationship of PISA results with system-level factors as well as the relationship between gender equality and education are discussed in this paper. In consideration of the impact of COVID-19 on education and gender equality, the findings from this study support continued political effort towards gender-equal human development in a post-COVID-19 world.

scholarly journals How Does Urban Green Space Impact Residents’ Mental Health: A Literature Review of Mediators

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11746
Author(s):  
Kaili Chen ◽  
Tianzheng Zhang ◽  
Fangyuan Liu ◽  
Yingjie Zhang ◽  
Yan Song
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

In recent years, the interest in the relationship between urban green space and residents’ mental health has gradually risen. A number of researchers have investigated the causal relationship and possible mediators between the two, although few have summarized these mediators. For this reason, we searched for relevant studies and filtered them by criteria and quality score, and analyzed the mediators and paths of the impact of urban green space on residents’ mental health. The mediators can be divided into environmental factors, outdoor activity, and social cohesion. From the perspective of heterogeneity, both individual characteristics (e.g., age and gender) and group characteristics (e.g., level of urban development and urban density) of residents are considered to be the cause of various mediating effects. Types of urban green space tend to affect residents’ mental health through different paths. Furthermore, this review discusses the details of each part under the influence paths. Finally, the policy implications for urban green space planning from three mediator levels are put forward based on an analysis of the situation in different countries.

scholarly journals Gender, family and employment in comparative perspective: the realities and representations of equal opportunities in Britain and France

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosmary Crompton ◽  
Nicky Le Feuvre
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Women And Gender ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Positive Action ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we will explore how contrasting national discourses relating to women, and gender equality have been incorporated into and reflected in national policies. In the first section, we will outline the recent history of EU equal opportunities policy, in which positive action has been replaced by a policy of 'mainstreaming'. Second, we will describe the evolution of policies towards women and equal opportunities in Britain and France. It will be argued that whereas some degree of positive action for women has been accepted in Britain, this policy is somewhat alien to French thinking about equality - although pro-natalist French policies have resulted in favourable conditions for employed mothers in France. In the third section, we will present some attitudinal evidence, drawn from national surveys, which would appear to reflect the national policy differences we have identified in respect of the 'equality agenda'. In the fourth section, we will draw upon biographical interviews carried out with men and women in British and French banks in order to illustrate the impact of these cross-national differences within organizations and on individual lives. We demonstrate that positive action gender equality policies have made an important impact in British banks, while overt gender exclusionary practices still persist in the French banks studied. In the conclusion, we reflect on the European policy implications of our findings.

scholarly journals The impact of academic libraries on students' academic achievement: The relationship between learning styles and information seeking anxiety

2018 ◽  
pp. 76-93
Author(s):  
Somayeh Parvin ◽  
Nasrin Kheibar ◽  
Hamideh Mihanpour ◽  
Alireza Rafi
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Information seeking anxiety is a type of anxiety that affects academic performance. The present study was aimed at investigating the relationship between learning styles and information seeking anxiety in relation to the academic achievement of students. This was a descriptive-analytic research, and the study population consisted of students who had passed at least one semester in Behbahan University, Iran. The sample size was calculated 181 from the Morgan table. The results of this study showed that most of the students used the ‘assimilating' learning style. It was concluded that there was no significant difference between anxiety levels and the field of study. Also, there was no relationship between learning styles and age and gender. Moreover, there was no relationship of gender, academic semester, and age with academic achievement. Even though, there was no relationship between information seeking anxiety and learning styles vis a vis academic achievement, the assimilating learning style was preferred by the majority of the students. The comparison of learning styles with information seeking anxiety was a distinctive feature of this study, indicating that different aspects of learning did not have much effect on the anxiety levels of individuals, which could be the basis for further research on personality dimensions such as self-concept and intrinsic motivation in relation to information seeking anxiety and academic achievement.

scholarly journals Online parental mediation strategies in family contexts of Spain

Comunicar ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (65) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Gemma Martínez ◽  
Miguel-Ángel Casado ◽  
Carmelo Garitaonandia
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Parental Mediation ◽  
Technical Mediation ◽  
Analysis Programme ◽  
Gender Association ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores online parental mediation strategies in Spain and their association with sociodemographic and family context factors. The results of a survey conducted at the end of 2018 are presented herein, based on a sample of 2,900 Spanish minors between 9 and 17 years of age who use Internet. The impact of the diverse parental mediation strategies applied to Internet use has been calculated by taking into account the sociodemographic factors of the participating minors (age and gender). Association analysis was performed using the SPSS statistical analysis programme. In this case, an extra analysis was carried out with regard to the relationship of influence between different strategies and the rules of behaviour and family support in the household context as perceived by the minor. Findings suggest that enabling and restrictive mediation strategies are very common in Spanish families, while technical mediation strategies have a very limited presence. It is noteworthy that restrictions and security strategies generally apply more to girls than to boys. Household rules related to the behaviour of minors have a positive correlation with an increase of influence of nearly all strategies. However, there is no relevant association between family support perceived by children and restrictive strategies and techniques applied by parents. Este artículo explora las estrategias de mediación parental online en España y cómo los factores sociodemográficos y del contexto familiar se asocian con ellas. Se presentan los resultados de una encuesta realizada a una muestra de 2.900 menores españoles usuarios de Internet, entre 9 y 17 años encuestados a finales del año 2018. La incidencia de las diferentes estrategias de mediación parental en el uso de Internet se ha calculado atendiendo a factores sociodemográficas de los menores (edad y sexo). Mediante un análisis de asociación realizado con el programa de análisis estadístico SPSS se explora también la relación de la incidencia de las diferentes estrategias con las reglas de comportamiento y el apoyo familiar en el contexto del hogar percibidas por el menor. Las estrategias de mediación habilitantes y restrictivas tienen una presencia importante en las familias españolas, mientras que las técnicas tienen una presencia muy limitada. Es remarcable que las restricciones y las estrategias de seguridad, generalmente se aplican más a las niñas que a los niños. Las reglas del hogar relacionadas con el comportamiento de los menores se correlacionan positivamente con el aumento de incidencia de casi todas las estrategias, sin embargo, no existe una asociación significativa entre el apoyo familiar percibido por niños y niñas y las estrategias restrictivas y técnicas aplicadas por los padres y las madres.

“I Can’t Because I Am a Man”: Masculinity, Manhood, and Gender Equality in Sport for Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Eva Soares Moura
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Development ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Sport For Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Despite the growing body of feminist research investigating the relationship between sports initiatives and gender development goals, the literature to date has almost exclusively focused on female participation within sport for development programs. The purpose of this paper is to examine men’s behavior and provide novel insights into the perspectives and roles of men in sport for development work. This paper draws upon 11 months of ethnographic research undertaken between 2017 and 2018 in two organizations in São Paulo, Brazil, which use football as a tool to empower women. The findings reveal the diversity of roles men play in gender equality efforts and indicate issues men face, specifically the impact of ideas of manhood that hinder their ability to support broader social justice. The author ends the paper by outlining the necessity to explore masculinity and manhood in more depth to broaden the current understandings of the limitations and potential of sport for development initiatives to change the traditional model of male dominance and, consequently, have a more profound effect on gender equality.

scholarly journals Exploring the Relationship between Government R & D Expenditures and Economic Growth in a Global Perspective: A PMG Estimation Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Abida Hafeez ◽  
Karim Bux Shah Syed ◽  
Fiza Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
National Level ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Pooled Mean Group ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper analyses the impact of research and development (R&amp;D) expenditures on economic growth in a global perspective utilizing the data of 60 developed and developing countries from 1998 to 2015. This study employs the Pooled Mean Group Estimators (PMGE) proposed by Pesaran et al. (1999) to find a heterogeneous trend among different groups of countries. The findings suggest that there exist a significant &amp; positive relationship amongst R&amp;D spending and economic growth globally, which appears consistent with economic theory. The study also confirms both long and short run relationship of economic growth and expenditures on R&amp; D except that the short-run coefficient appears insignificant in the case of developing countries. This study implies that economies with higher R&amp; D spending tend to have higher economic growth. This study has retentive policy implications for management and policymakers who could make important endeavors at the national level in this regard.

scholarly journals Family Sibling Effect and Executives’ Corporate Social Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minna Zheng ◽  
Guangqian Ren ◽  
Lingling Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Sibling Interaction ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Early Family

Corporate social responsibility is an important business strategy for enterprises. Scholars have conducted much beneficial research on the relationship of executives’ recognitive traits and firms’ CSR behavior, but rarely focus on the impact of executives’ early recognitive traits derived from family sibling interaction. This paper takes Chinese A-shared private listed companies from 2014 to 2017 as the research samples to investigate the effect of the number of executives’ siblings on the early family sibling and corporate social responsibility behavior. We further study the moderating effect of birth order and gender composition in siblings on this relationship. The results show that there is an inversed U-shaped relationship between the number of executives’ siblings and corporate social responsibility behavior. Further research shows that the relationship between the number of executives’ siblings and CSR behavior is strengthened when an executive is first-born or has female sibling(s).

Religious Pluralism, Personal Laws and Gender Equality in Asia: Their History of Conflict and the Prospects for Accommodation

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Juliette G. Duara
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Legal Traditions ◽  
Current State ◽  
British Colonization ◽  
History Of ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Independence Movements

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between three religio-legal traditions and their interactions and responses to the concept of gender equality as reflected in their inheritance practices. Specifically, questions of accommodation and authenticity will be explored through the Hindu, Confucian and Islamic traditions as they exist in contemporary India, Singapore and Hong Kong. While the primary focus will be on the current state of law and practice, the paper will begin personal laws during the period of British colonization. The impact of British jurisprudence will be recounted as background to understanding the contemporary state of the three traditions. For India and Singapore this history will include the impact of their independence movements on their personal laws. Hong Kong's history will include the impact of the territory's return to China.

scholarly journals Rights-consciousness as an Object of Historical Inquiry: Revisiting the Constitution of Aspiration

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ely Aaronson ◽  
Arianne Renan Barzilay
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
Historical Inquiry ◽  
Constitutional History ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rights Consciousness ◽  
The Relationship

Hendrik Hartog’s article “The Constitution of Aspiration” paved new ways of thinking about the historical formation and political significance of rights-consciousness. This Essay considers the contribution of social histories of rights-consciousness to our understanding of the underpinnings and consequences of constitutional change. In particular, we consider the impact of this literature on debates regarding questions of periodization in American constitutional history and on debates concerning the relationship between egalitarian and counter-egalitarian strands of rights-consciousness. We critically evaluate the importance and limits of these contributions by focusing on methodological and interpretive questions that emerge from recent literature on struggles for racial and gender equality.

Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2097-2108
Author(s):  
Robyn L. Croft ◽  
Courtney T. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Adults Who Stutter ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-compassion in adults who do and do not stutter and to determine whether self-compassion predicts the impact of stuttering on quality of life in adults who stutter. Method Participants included 140 adults who do and do not stutter matched for age and gender. All participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale. Adults who stutter also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed for self-compassion differences between and within adults who do and do not stutter and to predict self-compassion on quality of life in adults who stutter. Results Adults who do and do not stutter exhibited no significant differences in total self-compassion, regardless of participant gender. A simple linear regression of the total self-compassion score and total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering score showed a significant, negative linear relationship of self-compassion predicting the impact of stuttering on quality of life. Conclusions Data suggest that higher levels of self-kindness, mindfulness, and social connectedness (i.e., self-compassion) are related to reduced negative reactions to stuttering, an increased participation in daily communication situations, and an improved overall quality of life. Future research should replicate current findings and identify moderators of the self-compassion–quality of life relationship.

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