scholarly journals Assessment of Driving Proficiency When Drivers Utilize Assistance Systems—The Case of Adaptive Cruise Control

Safety ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Arie P. van den Beukel ◽  
Cornelie J. G. van Driel ◽  
Anika Boelhouwer ◽  
Nina Veders ◽  
Tobias Heffelaar
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
Lane Changes ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Assistance Systems

Driver assistance systems (ADAS), and especially those containing driving automation, change the role of drivers to supervisors who need to safeguard the system’s operation. Despite the aim to increase safety, the new tasks (supervision and intervention) may jeopardize safety. Consequently, safety officers address the need for specific training on ADAS. However, these tasks are not assessed in driver licensing today. Therefore, we developed a framework to assess in-practice driving proficiency when drivers utilize ADAS. This study evaluated whether the proposed framework is able to identify meaningful differences in driving proficiency between driving with and without assistance. We applied the framework to perform a qualitative assessment of driving proficiency with 12 novice drivers in a field experiment, comparable to a license test. The assistance system concerned Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC). The test showed that driving with ACC has a negative influence on self-initiated manoeuvres (especially lane changes) and sometimes led to improved adaptations to manoeuvres initiated by other road users (like merging in traffic). These results are in line with previous research and demonstrate the framework’s successfulness to assess novice drivers’ proficiency to utilize ADAS in road-traffic. Therewith, the proposed framework provides important means for driving instructors and examiners to address the safe operation of ADAS.

scholarly journals Drivers Still Have Limited Knowledge About Adaptive Cruise Control Even When They Own the System

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110114
Author(s):  
Chelsea A. DeGuzman ◽  
Birsen Donmez
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Knowledge Questionnaire ◽  
Training Materials ◽  
Assistance Systems ◽  
Lower Education

Much of the existing research on drivers’ understanding of adaptive cruise control (ACC), a type of advanced driver assistance system, was conducted several years ago. Through an online survey, this study aimed to assess ACC knowledge among ACC owners and non-owners now that this system is more widely available. Along with knowledge of ACC features and limitations, demographic information, experience with technology, and experience with ACC (for owners) were also collected to investigate which factors predicted knowledge of ACC features and limitations. Results showed that owners today may have a better understanding of some of the main limitations of ACC compared with research conducted over 10 years ago. However, a large percentage of owners still had misperceptions about their ACC system. While owners had a slightly higher percentage of correct answers overall, they did not differ from non-owners in their knowledge of limitations. As this technology is becoming more common, even non-owners may be becoming aware of common limitations; owning and using ACC does not seem to result in a better system understanding. Higher income was associated with a higher percentage of correct responses on the ACC knowledge questionnaire for both owners and non-owners, and for non-owners, higher education level was also significantly associated with a higher percentage of correct responses. Future research should focus on developing training materials that are accessible to all drivers, so that drivers in lower education and income groups are also supported to understand how advanced driver assistance systems work and benefit from these technologies.

Researches on Adaptive Cruise Control system: A state of the art review

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110192
Author(s):  
Liangyao Yu ◽  
Ruyue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Human Machine Interaction ◽  
System A ◽  
Cruise Control System ◽  
Preceding Vehicle ◽  
Energy Economy ◽  
Machine Interaction

Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) is one of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) which takes over vehicle longitudinal control under necessary driving scenarios. Vehicle in ACC mode automatically adjusts speed to follow the preceding vehicle based on evaluation of the surrounding traffic. ACC reduces drivers’ workload as well as improves driving safety, energy economy, and traffic flow. This article provides a comprehensive review of the researches on ACC. Firstly, an overview of ACC controller and applied control theories are introduced. Their principles and performances are discussed. Secondly, several application cases of ACC control algorithms are presented. Then validation work including simulation, Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) test and on-road experiment is descripted to provide ideas for testing ACC systems for different aims and fidelities. In addition, studies on human-machine interaction are also summarized in this review to provide insights on development of ACC from the perspective of users. At last, challenges and potential directions in this field is discussed, including consideration of vehicle dynamics properties, contradiction between algorithm performance and computation as well as integration of ACC to other intelligent functions on vehicles.

ADVANCED HIGH FREQUENCY LTCC MATERIALS FOR APPLICATIONS BEYOND 60 GHZ

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (CICMT) ◽  
pp. 000077-000081
Author(s):  
Sebastian Brunner ◽  
Manfred Stadler ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Frank Bauer ◽  
Klaus Aichholzer
Keyword(s):  
60 Ghz ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Automotive Safety ◽  
Radar Sensors ◽  
Collision Mitigation ◽  
Assistance Systems ◽  
5 Ghz ◽  
Safety Systems

In this paper we will present an application of advanced Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC) technology beyond 60 GHz. Therefore a RF frontend for 76–81 GHz radar frequency was built. LTCC is a well established technology for applications for consumer handheld units <5 GHz but will provide solutions for applications for high frequencies in the range of 60 GHz and beyond. Radar sensors operating in the 76-81 GHz range are considered key for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) like Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), Collision Mitigation and Avoidance Systems (CMS) or Lane Change Assist (LCA). These applications are the next wave in automotive safety systems and have thus generated increased interest in lower-cost solutions especially for the mm-wave frontend section.

Safety, Energy, and Emissions Impacts of Adaptive Cruise Control and Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (6) ◽  
pp. 253-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Mahdinia ◽  
Ramin Arvin ◽  
Asad J. Khattak ◽  
Amir Ghiasi
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
System Level ◽  
Level Energy ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Vehicle Platoon ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions

Connected and automated vehicle technologies have the potential to significantly improve transportation system performance. In particular, advanced driver-assistance systems, such as adaptive cruise control (ACC) and cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC), may lead to substantial improvements in performance by decreasing driver inputs and taking over control of the vehicle. However, the impacts of these technologies on the vehicle- and system-level energy consumption, emissions, and safety have not been quantified in field tests. The goal of this paper is to study the impacts of automated and cooperative systems in mixed traffic containing conventional, ACC, and CACC vehicles. To reach this goal, experimental data based on real-world conditions are collected (in tests conducted by the Federal Highway Administration and the U.S. Department of Transportation) with presence of ACC, CACC, and conventional vehicles in a vehicle platoon scenario and a cooperative merging scenario. Specifically, a platoon of five vehicles with different vehicle type combinations is analyzed to generate new knowledge about potential safety, energy efficiency, and emission improvement from vehicle automation and cooperation. Results show that adopting the CACC system in a five-vehicle platoon substantially reduces the driving volatility and reduces the risk of rear-end collision which consequently improves safety. Furthermore, it decreases fuel consumption and emissions compared with the ACC system and manually-driven vehicles. Results of the merging scenario show that while the cooperative merging system slightly reduces the driving volatility, the fuel consumption and emissions can increase because of sharper accelerations of CACC vehicles compared with manually-driven vehicles.

scholarly journals Advanced Adaptive Cruise Control Based on Operation Characteristic Estimation and Trajectory Prediction

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
pp. 4875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanwool Woo ◽  
Hirokazu Madokoro ◽  
Kazuhito Sato ◽  
Yusuke Tamura ◽  
Atsushi Yamashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Collision Risk ◽  
Trajectory Prediction ◽  
Lane Changes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Real Traffic

In this paper, we propose an advanced adaptive cruise control to evaluate the collision risk between adjacent vehicles and adjust the distance between them seeking to improve driving safety. As a solution for preventing crashes, an autopilot vehicle has been considered. In the near future, the technique to forecast dangerous situations and automatically adjust the speed to prevent a collision can be implemented to a real vehicle. We have attempted to realize the technique to predict the future positions of adjacent vehicles. Several previous studies have investigated similar approaches; however, these studies ignored the individual characteristics of drivers and changes in driving conditions, even though the prediction performance largely depends on these characteristics. The proposed method allows estimating the operation characteristics of each driver and applying the estimated results to obtain the trajectory prediction. Then, the collision risk is evaluated based on such prediction. A novel advanced adaptive cruise control, proposed in this paper, adjusts its speed and distance from adjacent vehicles accordingly to minimize the collision risk in advance. In evaluation using real traffic data, the proposed method detected lane changes with 99.2% and achieved trajectory prediction error of 0.065 m, on average. In addition, it was demonstrated that almost 35% of the collision risk can be decreased by applying the proposed method compared to that of human drivers.

scholarly journals Investigating the Impact of Connected and Automated Vehicles on Signalized and Unsignalized Intersections Safety in Mixed Traffic

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
Amirhosein Karbasi ◽  
Steve O’Hern
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Driver Model ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Car Following Model ◽  
The Impact

Road traffic crashes are a major safety problem, with one of the leading factors in crashes being human error. Automated and connected vehicles (CAVs) that are equipped with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) are expected to reduce human error. In this paper, the Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) traffic simulator is used to investigate how CAVs impact road safety. In order to define the longitudinal behavior of Human Drive Vehicles (HDVs) and CAVs, car-following models, including the Krauss, the Intelligent Driver Model (IDM), and Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) car-following models were used to simulate CAVs. Surrogate safety measures were utilized to analyze CAVs’ safety impact using time-to-collision. Two case studies were evaluated: a signalized grid network that included nine intersections, and a second network consisting of an unsignalized intersection. The results demonstrate that CAVs could potentially reduce the number of conflicts based on each of the car following model simulations and the two case studies. A secondary finding of the research identified additional safety benefits of vehicles equipped with collision avoidance control, through the reduction in rear-end conflicts observed for the CACC car-following model.

scholarly journals Examining Senior Drivers’ Attitudes Toward Advanced Driver Assistance Systems After Naturalistic Exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Liang ◽  
Nathan Lau ◽  
Stephanie A Baker ◽  
Jonathan F Antin
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Assistance Systems ◽  
Senior Drivers

Abstract Background and Objectives The increasing number of senior drivers may introduce new road risks due to age-related declines in physical and cognitive abilities. Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) have been proposed as solutions to minimize age-related declines, thereby increasing both senior safety and mobility. This study examined factors that influence seniors’ attitudes toward adopting ADAS after significant exposure to the technology in naturalistic settings. Research Design and Methods This study recruited 18 senior drivers aged 70–79 to drive vehicles equipped with ADAS for 6 weeks in their own environments. Afterward, each participant was enrolled in 1 of the 3 focus group sessions to discuss their changes in attitude toward ADAS based on their driving experiences. We applied structural topic modeling (STM) on the focus group transcripts to reveal key topics deemed important to seniors. Results STM revealed 5 topics of importance for seniors. In order of prevalence, these were (i) safety, (ii) confidence concerning ADAS, (iii) ADAS functionality, (iv) user interface/usability, and (v) non-ADAS–related features. Based on topics and associated keywords, seniors perceived safety improvement with ADAS but expressed concerns about its limitations in coping with adverse driving conditions. Experience and training were suggested for improving seniors’ confidence in ADAS. Blind spot alert and adaptive cruise control received the most discussion regarding perceived safety and comfort. Discussion and Implications This study indicated that promoting road safety for senior drivers through ADAS is feasible. Acceptance and appropriate use of ADAS may be supported through intuitive and senior-friendly user interfaces, in-depth training programs, and owner’s manuals specifically designed and tested for senior drivers.

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