Designing a Vehicle Collison-Avoidance Safety System using Arduino

The future of automotive relies on the mechatronic and electronic systems. The worldwide growth of automotive towards electronic systems suggests that driverless cars would soon be the common commuters. With such improvements safety of the passengers becomes first priority for the manufacturers. Nowadays automobiles come with high end technologies and quick responsive electronic systems. In addition to the passive safety systems, active safety systems definitely avoid collision thereby reducing the chances of injury and death. This project shows the working of an active safety system that is collision avoidance system. To create the model, TINKERCAD software has been used and a detailed working is explained. As a result, the system detects traffic and can alert the driver and stop the vehicle before meeting the collision. Keywords: Active Safety System, Arduino, Tinkercad, Vehicle Electronics System, Automotive Safety System, Collision Avoidance System, Self-Driving Car, Driverless Vehicle.

Development and Experimental Validation of High Performance Embedded Intelligence and Fail-Operational Urban Surround Perception Solutions of the PRYSTINE Project

Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) commend a substantial reduction of human-caused road accidents while simultaneously lowering emissions, mitigating congestion, decreasing energy consumption and increasing overall productivity. However, achieving higher SAE levels of driving automation and complying with ISO26262 C and D Automotive Safety Integrity Levels (ASILs) is a multi-disciplinary challenge that requires insights into safety-critical architectures, multi-modal perception and real-time control. This paper presents an assorted effort carried out in the European H2020 ECSEL project—PRYSTINE. In this paper, we (1) investigate Simplex, 1oo2d and hybrid fail-operational computing architectures, (2) devise a multi-modal perception system with fail-safety mechanisms, (3) present a passenger vehicle-based demonstrator for low-speed autonomy and (4) suggest a trust-based fusion approach validated on a heavy-duty truck.

Functional Safety BMS Design Methodology for Automotive Lithium-Based Batteries

The increasing use of lithium batteries and the necessary integration of battery management systems (BMS) has led international standards to demand functional safety in electromobility applications, with a special focus on electric vehicles. This work covers the complete design of an enhanced automotive BMS with functional safety from the concept phase to verification activities. Firstly, a detailed analysis of the intrinsic hazards of lithium-based batteries is performed. Secondly, a hazard and risk assessment of an automotive lithium-based battery is carried out to address the specific risks deriving from the automotive application and the safety goals to be fulfilled to keep it under control. Safety goals lead to the technical safety requirements for the next hardware design and prototyping of a BMS Slave. Finally, the failure rate of the BMS Slave is assessed to verify the compliance of the developed enhanced BMS Slave with the functional safety Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) C. This paper contributes the design methodology of a BMS complying with ISO 26262 functional safety standard requirements for automotive lithium-based batteries.

Functional Safety Concept EGAS for Medical Devices

For patient safety, it is important that a medical device can safely and reliably perform its intended purpose. The challenge in medical technology is that medical devices are heterogeneous systems and thus no widely applicable standard concepts for functional safety exist in medical technology. This is also reflected in the regulatory landscape, with its rather generally applicable standards. Patient safety is currently achieved by performing continuous risk management with an acceptable level of residual risk. Functional safety and its design concepts, as applied in other industries, have so far found little application in the field of medical technology. In this paper, the automotive safety concept "EGAS" is analyzed with regard to its applicability for medical devices. Based on the investigated example of a medical ventilator, important parallels were found between the automotive and the medical device sector, indicating the possibility of successfully applying the EGAS safety concept to medical devices.

Application of automotive safety design methodologies to the development of Euro 7 emission control systems including on board monitoring.

Euro 7 and California HD-OBD present a shift of approach in emissions control. Legislative bodies concentrate on individual vehicle conformity to standards during its lifetime on top of type approval processes in test environment. The main change is NO_x trackers in software and sensors in the exhaust pipes of all vehicles. As a consequence of constant supervision not only single point faults are taken into account in the analysis, but also cumulative parameter drift of components due to aging. To achieve normative requirements and prevent emission standards violation during exploitation, methodologies known from automotive functional safety domain and SOTIF are used to evaluate and modify a propulsion system design. An illustrative example of analysis is presented in the paper.

Recent Advances in Cybersecurity and Safety Architectures in Automotive, IT, and Connected Services

This is a special issue in cooperation with EuroSPI (www.eurospi.net). EuroSPI represents a large international network of renowned experts and annual European conference series running successfully since its foundation in 1994. From 2013 onwards, an international functional safety and from 2016 onwards a functional safety and cybersecurity workshop has been established, to which leading European and Asian industry and research have been actively contributing to. High-quality,  original  papers  about  best  practices  for  implementing  functional  safety  and cybersecurity in automotive, IT, and connected services have been selected for this special issue. They provide insights into the current state of the art implementations in automotive safety and cybersecurity, IT security, and safety in future highly autonomous self-learning vehicles.

Automated Pneumatic Braking and Bumper System

Automobiles have been used to move human beings or things and the automobile technology has been developed within the last few years. The traffic accidents are increasing as automobile production has been increasing. The number of casualties during the vehicle accidents is very large as compared to the other causes of death. It is important to prevent accidents and to protect the driver and pedestrian when accidents occur. Though there are different causes for these accidents but proper technology of braking system and technology to reduce the damage during accident (such as pneumatic bumper system) can be effective on the accident rates. Therefore, pre-crashing system is demanded. Automotive safety has gained an increasing amount of interest from the general public, governments, and the car industry. The pre-crash system is to prevent accidents on roads with poor visibility by using sensor network to find invisible vehicles, which are to be detected by autonomous on-vehicle sensors. The pre-crashing system is processing the sensor data and controlling the vehicle to prevent accidents and accidents caused by careless driving. The pneumatic system is simple and easy in operation and hence can be used in automation industry.

An Analysis of Vulnerable Road Users Overtaking Maneuver along the Urban Road

This paper discusses driving styles while overtaking a vulnerable road user who moves along the shoulder in urban roads. Based on the data obtained from an experiment in pre-defined conditions (combinations of four main effects: vehicle’s initial speed, lane width of the road, vulnerable road users’ type, and location in the shoulder) with an immersive driving simulator, we analyzed four different driving styles of drivers while approaching and passing the objects. It is shown that drivers took avoidance maneuvers even if there was no clear risk of collision to vulnerable road users. The results showed that the drivers tended to have a unique perception about the lateral passing gap and overtaking strategy with two worth notice groups: overcaution drivers and reckless drivers. The road characteristic has a statistically significant effect for all types of drivers. Moreover, the effect of the vehicle’s initial speed on overtaking strategy and the effect of vulnerable road user location on minimum lateral passing gap are statistically significant. The findings provide some implications for the development of automotive safety systems that can reduce the risk of overtaking maneuvers in urban areas.