ADVANCED HIGH FREQUENCY LTCC MATERIALS FOR APPLICATIONS BEYOND 60 GHZ

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (CICMT) ◽  
pp. 000077-000081
Author(s):  
Sebastian Brunner ◽  
Manfred Stadler ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Frank Bauer ◽  
Klaus Aichholzer
Keyword(s):  
60 Ghz ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Automotive Safety ◽  
Radar Sensors ◽  
Collision Mitigation ◽  
Assistance Systems ◽  
5 Ghz ◽  
Safety Systems

In this paper we will present an application of advanced Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC) technology beyond 60 GHz. Therefore a RF frontend for 76–81 GHz radar frequency was built. LTCC is a well established technology for applications for consumer handheld units <5 GHz but will provide solutions for applications for high frequencies in the range of 60 GHz and beyond. Radar sensors operating in the 76-81 GHz range are considered key for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) like Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), Collision Mitigation and Avoidance Systems (CMS) or Lane Change Assist (LCA). These applications are the next wave in automotive safety systems and have thus generated increased interest in lower-cost solutions especially for the mm-wave frontend section.

scholarly journals Feasibility of automotive radar at frequencies beyond 100 GHz

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Köhler ◽  
Jürgen Hasch ◽  
Hans Ludwig Blöcher ◽  
Lorenz-Peter Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Automotive Radar ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Radar Sensors ◽  
Miniaturized Antenna ◽  
High Resolution Radar ◽  
Assistance Systems ◽  
Operation Frequency

Radar sensors are used widely in modern driver assistance systems. Available sensors nowadays often operate in the 77 GHz band and can accurately provide distance, velocity, and angle information about remote objects. Increasing the operation frequency allows improving the angular resolution and accuracy. In this paper, the technical feasibility to move the operation frequency beyond 100 GHz is discussed, by investigating dielectric properties of radome materials, the attenuation of rain and atmosphere, radar cross-section behavior, active circuits technology, and frequency regulation issues. Moreover, a miniaturized antenna at 150 GHz is presented to demonstrate the possibilities of high-resolution radar for cars.

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS): Who’s Driving What and What’s Driving Use?

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1220-1224
Author(s):  
Daniel Palac ◽  
Iiona D. Scully ◽  
Rachel K. Jonas ◽  
John L. Campbell ◽  
Douglas Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Differences ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Driver Safety ◽  
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Additional Group ◽  
Vehicle Technology ◽  
Assistance Systems ◽  
Vehicle Technologies ◽  
Safety Systems

The emergence of vehicle technologies that promote driver safety and convenience calls for investigation of the prevalence of driver assistance systems as well as of their use rates. A consumer driven understanding as to why certain vehicle technology is used remains largely unexplored. We examined drivers’ experience using 13 different advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and several reasons that may explain rates of use through a nationally-distributed survey. Our analysis focused on drivers’ levels of understanding and trust with their vehicle’s ADAS as well as drivers’ perceived ease, or difficulty, in using the systems. Respondents’ age and experience with Level 0 or Level 1 technologies revealed additional group differences, suggesting older drivers (55+), and those with only Level 0 systems as using ADAS more often. These data are interpreted using the Driver Behavior Questionnaire framework and offer a snapshot of the pervasiveness of certain driver safety systems.

Development of a mid range automotive radar sensor for future driver assistance systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raik Schnabel ◽  
Raphael Hellinger ◽  
Dirk Steinbuch ◽  
Joachim Selinger ◽  
Michael Klar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Germanium ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Planar Antennas ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Automotive Radar ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Radar Sensors ◽  
Assistance Systems ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Safety Applications

Radar sensors are key components of modern driver assistance systems. The application of such systems in urban environments for safety applications is the primary goal of the project “Radar on Chip for Cars” (RoCC). Major outcomes of this project will be presented and discussed in this contribution. These outcomes include the specification of radar sensors for future driver assistance systems, radar concepts, and integration technologies for silicon-germanium (SiGe) MMICs, as well as the development and evaluation of a system demonstrator. A radar architecture utilizing planar antennas and highly integrated components will be proposed and discussed with respect to system specifications. The developed system demonstrator will be evaluated in terms of key parameters such as field of view, distance, and angular separability. Finally, as an outlook a new mid range radar (MRR) will be introduced incorporating several concepts and technologies developed in this project.

scholarly journals Examining Senior Drivers’ Attitudes Toward Advanced Driver Assistance Systems After Naturalistic Exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Liang ◽  
Nathan Lau ◽  
Stephanie A Baker ◽  
Jonathan F Antin
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Assistance Systems ◽  
Senior Drivers

Abstract Background and Objectives The increasing number of senior drivers may introduce new road risks due to age-related declines in physical and cognitive abilities. Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) have been proposed as solutions to minimize age-related declines, thereby increasing both senior safety and mobility. This study examined factors that influence seniors’ attitudes toward adopting ADAS after significant exposure to the technology in naturalistic settings. Research Design and Methods This study recruited 18 senior drivers aged 70–79 to drive vehicles equipped with ADAS for 6 weeks in their own environments. Afterward, each participant was enrolled in 1 of the 3 focus group sessions to discuss their changes in attitude toward ADAS based on their driving experiences. We applied structural topic modeling (STM) on the focus group transcripts to reveal key topics deemed important to seniors. Results STM revealed 5 topics of importance for seniors. In order of prevalence, these were (i) safety, (ii) confidence concerning ADAS, (iii) ADAS functionality, (iv) user interface/usability, and (v) non-ADAS–related features. Based on topics and associated keywords, seniors perceived safety improvement with ADAS but expressed concerns about its limitations in coping with adverse driving conditions. Experience and training were suggested for improving seniors’ confidence in ADAS. Blind spot alert and adaptive cruise control received the most discussion regarding perceived safety and comfort. Discussion and Implications This study indicated that promoting road safety for senior drivers through ADAS is feasible. Acceptance and appropriate use of ADAS may be supported through intuitive and senior-friendly user interfaces, in-depth training programs, and owner’s manuals specifically designed and tested for senior drivers.

scholarly journals Probabilistic Approach for Validation of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 1910 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
O. J. Gietelink ◽  
B. De Schutter ◽  
M. Verhaegen
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Algorithms ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Assistance Systems

This paper presents a methodological approach for validation of advanced driver assistance systems. The methodology relies on the use of randomized algorithms that are more efficient than conventional validation that uses simulations and field tests, especially with increasing complexity of the system. The methodology first specifies the perturbation space and performance criteria. Then, a minimum number of samples and a relevant sampling space are selected. Next, an iterative randomized simulation is executed; then the simulation model is validated with the use of hardware tests to increase the reliability of the estimated performance. The proof of concept is illustrated with some examples of a case study involving an adaptive cruise control system. The case study points out some characteristic properties of randomized algorithms with respect to the necessary sample complexity and sensitivity to model uncertainty. Solutions for these issues are proposed as are corresponding recommendations for research.

scholarly journals Some Characteristics of Mental Models of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems: A Semi-structured Interviews Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1313-1317
Author(s):  
Michael A. Nees ◽  
Nithya Sharma ◽  
Karli Herwig
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Cognitive Representations ◽  
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Assistance Systems

People construct mental models—internal cognitive representations—when they interact with dynamic systems. The introduction of automation in vehicles has raised concerns about potential negative consequences of inaccurate mental models, yet characteristics of mental models remain difficult to identify. A descriptive study used semi-structured interviews to explore mental models of advanced driver assistance systems (adaptive cruise control, lane keeping assist, and Level 2 systems). Results exposed shortcomings in drivers’ understandings of the hardware, software, and limitations of these systems and also suggested that mental models will affect behavior while using automation. Further, we found that mental models can be influenced by interface feedback (or lack thereof) and limitations experienced. Some drivers attributed purposeful design to aspects of the systems that likely were chosen idiosyncratically or arbitrarily. Our findings offered potentially useful avenues for future research on mental models of automation and corroborated concerns that inaccurate mental models may be common.

scholarly journals Some Characteristics of Mental Models of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems: A Semi-structured Interviews Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Nees ◽  
Nithya Sharma ◽  
Karli Herwig
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Cognitive Representations ◽  
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Assistance Systems

People construct mental models—internal cognitive representations—when they interact with dynamic systems. The introduction of automation in vehicles has raised concerns about potential negative consequences of inaccurate mental models, yet characteristics of mental models remain difficult to identify. A descriptive study used semi-structured interviews to explore mental models of advanced driver assistance systems (adaptive cruise control, lane keeping assist, and Level 2 systems). Results exposed shortcomings in drivers’ understandings of the hardware, software, and limitations of these systems and also suggested that mental models will affect behavior while using automation. Further, we found that mental models can be influenced by interface feedback (or lack thereof) and limitations experienced. Some drivers attributed purposeful design to aspects of the systems that likely were chosen idiosyncratically or arbitrarily. Our findings offered potentially useful avenues for future research on mental models of automation and corroborated concerns that inaccurate mental models may be common.

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