scholarly journals Validity Analysis of WalkerViewTM Instrumented Treadmill for Measuring Spatiotemporal and Kinematic Gait Parameters

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4795
Author(s):  
Marco Bravi ◽  
Carlo Massaroni ◽  
Fabio Santacaterina ◽  
Joshua Di Tocco ◽  
Emiliano Schena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters ◽  
Walking Speeds

The detection of gait abnormalities is essential for professionals involved in the rehabilitation of walking disorders. Instrumented treadmills are spreading as an alternative to overground gait analysis. To date, the use of these instruments for recording kinematic gait parameters is still limited in clinical practice due to the lack of validation studies. This study aims to investigate the performance of a multi-sensor instrumented treadmill (i.e., WalkerViewTM, WV) for performing gait analysis. Seventeen participants performed a single gait test on the WV at three different speeds (i.e., 3 km/h, 5 km/h, and 6.6 km/h). In each trial, spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters were recorded simultaneously by the WV and by a motion capture system used as the reference. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of spatiotemporal parameters showed fair to excellent agreement at the three walking speeds for steps time, cadence, and step length (range 0.502–0.996); weaker levels of agreement were found for stance and swing time at all the tested walking speeds. Bland–Altman analysis of spatiotemporal parameters showed a mean of difference (MOD) maximum value of 0.04 s for swing/stance time and WV underestimation of 2.16 cm for step length. As for kinematic variables, ICC showed fair to excellent agreement (ICC > 0.5) for total range of motion (ROM) of hip at 3 km/h (range 0.579–0.735); weaker levels of ICC were found at 5 km/h and 6.6 km/h (range 0.219–0.447). ICC values of total knee ROM showed poor levels of agreement at all the tested walking speeds. Bland–Altman analysis of hip ROM revealed a higher MOD value at higher speeds up to 3.91°; the MOD values of the knee ROM were always higher than 7.67° with a 60° mean value of ROM. We demonstrated that the WV is a valid tool for analyzing the spatiotemporal parameters of walking and assessing the hip’s total ROM. Knee total ROM and all kinematic peak values should be carefully evaluated, having shown lower levels of agreement.

scholarly journals Comparing School-Aged Refraction Measurements Using the 2WIN-S Portable Refractor in Relation to Cycloplegic Retinoscopy: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ziming Liu ◽  
Emmanuel Eric Pazo ◽  
Hong Ye ◽  
Cui Yu ◽  
Ling Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
The Mean

Purpose. To assess the repeatability and agreement of refractive measurements using 2WIN-S photoscreening with the gold-standard cycloplegic retinoscope refraction. Design. Single centre, cross-sectional study. Methods. Spherical, cylindrical, axis, and spherical equivalent of 194 bilateral eyes of 97 children were assessed using a retinoscope and 2WIN-S. One week later, another operator repeated the 2WIN-S measurements. The primary outcome measures were to assess the repeatability and agreement between spherical equivalent, J0, and J45 readings of 2WIN-S. The repeatability of measurements was assessed by the within-subject standard deviation (2.77 Sw) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The agreement between devices was assessed using 95% limits of agreement. The extent of the agreement between cycloplegic retinoscopy and noncycloplegic 2WIN-S measurements was assessed using Bland–Altman analysis. Results. The mean age ± SD was 10.3 ± 2.46 year (range, 4–14 years). The sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent measurements were found to be consistent with both apparatus (r value >0.86). ICC for SE, J0, and J45 was 0.900, 0.666, and 0.639, respectively; Sw for SE, J0, and J45 was 0.61D, 0.30D, and 0.31D, respectively; Bland–Altman analysis of retinoscopy with cycloplegia and 2WIN-S for SE was 184/194 (95%) in 95% confidence interval, and the mean value was 0.46. J0 was 184/194 (95%), and the mean value is −0.04. J45 was 181/194 (93%), and the mean value is −0.15. Conclusion. The objective refractive measurement of 2WIN-S had good reliability and high agreement with the gold-standard retinoscopy refraction in children and adolescents. While consistency was observed, it is essential to take into consideration that it is a screening tool.

scholarly journals Test-Retest, Inter-Rater and Intra-Rater Reliability for Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters Using SANE (an eaSy gAit aNalysis systEm) as Measuring Instrument

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5781
Author(s):  
Betsy D. M. Chaparro-Rico ◽  
Daniele Cafolla
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Depth Sensor ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Smallest Detectable Change ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters ◽  
Analysis System

Studies have demonstrated the validity of Kinect-based systems to measure spatiotemporal parameters of gait. However, few studies have addressed test-retest, inter-rater and intra-rater reliability for spatiotemporal gait parameters. This study aims to assess test-retest, inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of SANE (eaSy gAit aNalysis system) as a measuring instrument for spatiotemporal gait parameters. SANE comprises a depth sensor and a software that automatically estimates spatiotemporal gait parameters using distances between ankles without the need to manually indicate where each gait cycle begins and ends. Gait analysis was conducted by 2 evaluators for 12 healthy subjects during 4 sessions. The reliability was evaluated using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC). In addition, the Standard Error of the Measurement (SEM), and Smallest Detectable Change (SDC) was calculated. SANE showed from an acceptable to an excellent test-retest, inter-rater and intra-rater reliability; test-retest reliability ranged from 0.62 to 0.81, inter-rater reliability ranged from 0.70 to 0.95 and intra-rater ranged from 0.74 to 0.92. The subject behavior had a greater effect on the reliability of SANE than the evaluator performance. The reliability values of SANE were comparable with other similar studies. SANE, as a feasible and markerless system, has large potential for assessing spatiotemporal gait parameters.

Gait Parameters of Older Adults according to Their Fall History and Functional Capacity While Walking at Different Speeds

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Letícia Pophal da Silva ◽  
Natália Boneti Moreira ◽  
Paulo Barbosa de Freitas ◽  
Gleber Pereira ◽  
André Luiz Felix Rodacki
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters ◽  
Walking Speeds

Introduction: It is believed that functional capacity and fall history are factors capable of influencing the gait parameters of older adults. Thus, the objective of this study was to verify whether gait parameters of community-dwelling older adults differ according to their functional capacity and fall history when walking at self-selected walking speed (SSWS) and fast walking speed (FWS) using principal component analysis (PCA). Methods: Two hundred ninety-five participants (82.3% women and 17.7% men) were allocated in four groups according to their fall history and functional capacity: non-fallers with higher functional capacity (NFHFC, n = 94; 69.3 ± 5.5 years), non-fallers with lower functional capacity (NFLFC, n = 114; 72.0 ± 8.1 years), fallers with higher functional capacity (FHFC, n = 29; 70.0 ± 6.0 years), and fallers with lower functional capacity (FLFC, n = 58; 72.5 ± 8.2 years). Fall history, anthropometric data, functional capacity by short physical performance battery and mobility by Timed Up and Go (TUG), and spatiotemporal gait parameters were evaluated. Results: Data analysis indicated that FLFC presented the lowest scores, especially in the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test and TUG. The PCA showed that the first principal component (PC1) explained the most substantial amount of the data variability in both walking speeds (SSWS and FWS), predominantly including temporal parameters. PC2 composed by spatial outcomes (stride and step length and walking speed) showed the highest effect size. PC1 and PC2 were able to differentiate functional status, regardless of fall history. Conclusions: Functional capacity showed great importance when analyzing gait parameters at different walking speeds (SSWS and FWS), regardless of fall history. Older adults with high functional capacity demonstrate better performance during gait. Besides, spatiotemporal parameters are the main factors explaining gait variability, both in SSWS and FWS.

scholarly journals Effects of selectively assisting impaired subtasks of walking in chronic stroke survivors

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone S. Fricke ◽  
Hilde J. G. Smits ◽  
Cristina Bayón ◽  
Jaap H. Buurke ◽  
Herman van der Kooij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Baseline Trial ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters ◽  
Length Width

Abstract Background Recently developed controllers for robot-assisted gait training allow for the adjustment of assistance for specific subtasks (i.e. specific joints and intervals of the gait cycle that are related to common impairments after stroke). However, not much is known about possible interactions between subtasks and a better understanding of this can help to optimize (manual or automatic) assistance tuning in the future. In this study, we assessed the effect of separately assisting three commonly impaired subtasks after stroke: foot clearance (FC, knee flexion/extension during swing), stability during stance (SS, knee flexion/extension during stance) and weight shift (WS, lateral pelvis movement). For each of the assisted subtasks, we determined the influence on the performance of the respective subtask, and possible effects on other subtasks of walking and spatiotemporal gait parameters. Methods The robotic assistance for the FC, SS and WS subtasks was assessed in nine mildly impaired chronic stroke survivors while walking in the LOPES II gait trainer. Seven trials were performed for each participant in a randomized order: six trials in which either 20% or 80% of assistance was provided for each of the selected subtasks, and one baseline trial where the participant did not receive subtask-specific assistance. The influence of the assistance on performances (errors compared to reference trajectories) for the assisted subtasks and other subtasks of walking as well as spatiotemporal parameters (step length, width and height, swing and stance time) was analyzed. Results Performances for the impaired subtasks (FC, SS and WS) improved significantly when assistance was applied for the respective subtask. Although WS performance improved when assisting this subtask, participants were not shifting their weight well towards the paretic leg. On a group level, not many effects on other subtasks and spatiotemporal parameters were found. Still, performance for the leading limb angle subtask improved significantly resulting in a larger step length when applying FC assistance. Conclusion FC and SS assistance leads to clear improvements in performance for the respective subtask, while our WS assistance needs further improvement. As effects of the assistance were mainly confined to the assisted subtasks, tuning of FC, SS and WS can be done simultaneously. Our findings suggest that there may be no need for specific, time-intensive tuning protocols (e.g. tuning subtasks after each other) in mildly impaired stroke survivors.

scholarly journals Validity and reliability of assessing diaphragmatic mobility by area on X-rays of healthy subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Pedrini ◽  
Márcia Aparecida Gonçalves ◽  
Bruna Estima Leal ◽  
Michelle Gonçalves de Souza Tavares ◽  
Wellington Pereira Yamaguti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Left Hemidiaphragm ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the concurrent validity, as well as the intra- and inter-rater reliability, of assessing diaphragmatic mobility by area (DMarea) on chest X-rays of healthy adults. Methods: We evaluated anthropometric parameters, pulmonary function, and diaphragmatic mobility in 43 participants. Two observers (rater A and rater B) determined diaphragmatic mobility at two time points. We used Pearson’s correlation coefficient to evaluate the correlation between DMarea and the assessment of diaphragmatic mobility by distance (DMdist). To evaluate intra- and inter-rater reliability, we used the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC [2,1]), 95% CI, and Bland-Altman analysis. Results: A significant correlation was found between the DMarea and DMdist methods (r = 0.743; p < 0.0001). For DMarea, the intra-rater reliability was found to be quite high for the right hemidiaphragm (RHD)-ICC (2,1) = 0.92 (95% CI: 0.86-0.95) for rater A and ICC (2,1) = 0.90 (95% CI: 0.84-0.94) for rater B-and the left hemidiaphragm (LHD)-ICC (2,1) = 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93-0.97) for rater A and ICC (2,1) = 0.91 (95% CI: 0.81-0.95) for rater B-(p < 0.0001 for all). Also for DMarea, the inter-rater reliability was found to be quite high for the first and second evaluations of the RHD-ICC (2,1) = 0.99 (95% CI: 0.98-0.99) and ICC (2,1) = 0.95 (95% CI: 0.86-0.97), respectively-and the LHD-ICC (2,1) = 0.99 (95% CI: 0.98-0.99) and ICC (2,1) = 0.94 (95% CI: 0.87-0.97)-(p < 0.0001 for both). The Bland-Altman analysis showed good agreement between the mobility of the RHD and that of the LHD. Conclusions: The DMarea method proved to be a valid, reliable measure of diaphragmatic mobility.

The Accuracy and Reproducibility of Linear Measurements Made on CBCT-derived Digital Models

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Y Hajeer ◽  
Ahmad L Maroua ◽  
Mowaffak Ajaj
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Intraobserver Reliability ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plaster Models

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of linear measurements made on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-derived digital models. Materials and methods A total of 25 patients (44% female, 18.7 ± 4 years) who had CBCT images for diagnostic purposes were included. Plaster models were obtained and digital models were extracted from CBCT scans. Seven linear measurements from predetermined landmarks were measured and analyzed on plaster models and the corresponding digital models. The measurements included arch length and width at different sites. Paired t test and Bland–Altman analysis were used to evaluate the accuracy of measurements on digital models compared to the plaster models. Also, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to evaluate the reproducibility of the measurements in order to assess the intraobserver reliability. Results The statistical analysis showed significant differences on 5 out of 14 variables, and the mean differences ranged from −0.48 to 0.51 mm. The Bland–Altman analysis revealed that the mean difference between variables was (0.14 ± 0.56) and (0.05 ± 0.96) mm and limits of agreement between the two methods ranged from −1.2 to 0.96 and from −1.8 to 1.9 mm in the maxilla and the mandible, respectively. The intraobserver reliability values were determined for all 14 variables of two types of models separately. The mean ICC value for the plaster models was 0.984 (0.924–0.999), while it was 0.946 for the CBCT models (range from 0.850 to 0.985). Conclusion Linear measurements obtained from the CBCTderived models appeared to have a high level of accuracy and reproducibility. How to cite this article Maroua AL, Ajaj M, Hajeer MY. The Accuracy and Reproducibility of Linear Measurements Made on CBCT-derived Digital Models. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(4):294-299.

scholarly journals Instrumented gait analysis defines the walking signature of CACNA1A disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Indelicato ◽  
Cecilia Raccagni ◽  
Sarah Runer ◽  
Julius Hannink ◽  
Wolfgang Nachbauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Ankle Motion ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Ambulatory Patients ◽  
Gait Disturbances ◽  
Specific Scale ◽  
Instrumented Gait Analysis

Abstract Background Gait disturbances are a frequent symptom in CACNA1A disorders. Even though, data about their severity and progression are lacking and no CACNA1A-specific scale or assessment for gait is available. Methods We applied a gait assessment protocol in 20 ambulatory patients with genetically confirmed CACNA1A disorders and 39 matched healthy controls. An instrumented gait analysis (IGA) was performed by means of wearable sensors in basal condition and after a treadmill/cycloergometer challenge in selected cases. Results CACNA1A patients displayed lower gait speed, shorter steps with increased step length variability, a reduced landing acceleration as well as a reduced range of ankle motion compared to controls. Furthermore, gait-width in patients with episodic CACNA1A disorders was narrower as compared to controls. In one patient experiencing mild episodic symptoms after the treadmill challenge, the IGA was able to detect a deterioration over all gait parameters. Conclusions In CACNA1A patients, the IGA with wearable sensors unravels specific gait signatures which are not detectable at naked eye. These features (narrow-based gait, lower landing acceleration) distinguish these patients from other ataxic disorders and may be target of focused rehabilitative interventions. IGA can potentially be applied to monitor the neurological fluctuations associated with CACNA1A disorders.

scholarly journals Speed-related but not detrended gait variability increases with more sensitive self-paced treadmill controllers at multiple slopes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar R. Castano ◽  
Helen J. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Step Length ◽  
Gait Variability ◽  
The Self ◽  
Step Width ◽  
Step Frequency ◽  
Gait Biomechanics ◽  
Treadmill Speed ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Speed Fluctuations

AbstractSelf-paced treadmills are being used more and more to study humans walking with their self-selected gaits on a range of slopes. There are multiple options to purchase a treadmill with or implement a custom written self-paced controller, which raises questions about how self-paced controller affect treadmill speed and gait biomechanics on multiple slopes. This study investigated how different self-paced treadmill controller sensitivities affected gait parameters and variability on a decline, level, and incline slopes. We hypothesized that increasing self-paced controller sensitivity would increase gait variability on each slope. We also hypothesized that detrended variability could help mitigate differences in variability that arise from differences in speed fluctuations created by the self-paced controllers. Ten young adults walked on a self-paced treadmill using three self-paced controller sensitivities (low, medium, and high) and fixed speeds at three slopes (decline, −10°; level, 0°; incline, +10°). Within each slope, average walking speeds and spatiotemporal gait parameters were similar regardless of self-paced controller sensitivity. With higher controller sensitivities on each slope, speed fluctuations, speed variance, and step length variance increased whereas step frequency variance and step width variance were unaffected. Detrended variance was not affected by controller sensitivity suggesting that detrending variability helps mitigate differences associated with treadmill speed fluctuations. Speed-trend step length variances, however, increased with more sensitive controllers. Further, detrended step length variances were similar for self-paced and fixed speed walking, whereas self-paced walking included substantial speed-trend step length variance not present in fixed speed walking. In addition, regardless of the self-paced controller, subjects walked fastest on the level slope with the longest steps, widest steps, and least variance. Overall, our findings suggest that separating gait variability into speed-trend and detrended variability could be beneficial for interpreting gait variability among multiple self-paced treadmill studies and when comparing self-paced walking with fixed speed walking.

scholarly journals Characterization of speed adaptation while walking on an omnidirectional treadmill

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Smit Soni ◽  
Anouk Lamontagne
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Overground Walking ◽  
Walking Pattern ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Conventional treadmills are widely used for gait retraining in rehabilitation setting. Their usefulness for training more complex locomotor tasks, however, remains limited given that they do not allow changing the speed nor the direction of walking which are essential walking adaptations for efficient and safe community ambulation. These drawbacks can be addressed by using a self-pace omnidirectional treadmill, as those recently developed by the gaming industry, which allows speed changes and locomotor movements in any direction. The extent to which these treadmills yield a walking pattern that is similar to overground walking, however, is yet to be determined. Methods The objective of this study was to compare spatiotemporal parameters, body kinematics and lower limb muscle activation of healthy young individuals walking at different speeds (slow, comfortable, fast) on a low-cost non-motorized omnidirectional treadmill with and without virtual reality (VR) vs. overground. Results Results obtained from 12 young healthy individuals (18–29 years) showed that participants achieved slower speed on the treadmill compared to overground. On the treadmill, faster walking speeds were achieved by a mere increase in cadence, as opposed to a combined increase in cadence and step length when walking overground. At matched speed, enhanced stance phase knee flexion, reduced late stance ankle plantarflexion, as well as enhanced activation amplitudes of hip extensors in late stance and hip extensors in early swing were observed. The addition of VR to treadmill walking had little or no effect of walking outcomes. Collectively, results show that the omnidirectional treadmill yields a different walking pattern and lead to different adaptations to speed compared to overground walking. We suggest that these alterations are mainly driven by the reduced shear forces between the weight bearing foot and supporting surface and a perceived threat to balance on the omnidirectional treadmill. Conclusion Since such treadmills are likely to be used for prolonged periods of time by gamers or patients undergoing physical rehabilitation, further research should aim at determining the impact of repeated exposure on gait biomechanics and lower limb musculoskeletal integrity.

scholarly journals Test–Retest Reliability of a Conventional Gait Model for Registering Joint Angles during Initial Contact and Toe-Off in Healthy Subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1343
Author(s):  
Francisco Molina-Rueda ◽  
Pilar Fernández-González ◽  
Alicia Cuesta-Gómez ◽  
Aikaterini Koutsou ◽  
María Carratalá-Tejada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Bland Altman Analysis ◽  
Motion System ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

The aim of this study was to evaluate the test–retest reliability of a conventional gait model (CGM), the Plug-in Gait model, to calculate the angles of the hip, knee, and ankle during initial contact (IC) and toe-off (TO). Gait analysis was performed using the Vicon Motion System® (Oxford Metrics, Oxford, UK). The study group consisted of 50 healthy subjects. To evaluate the test–retest reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the standard error of measurement (SEM), the minimal detectable change (MDC), and the Bland–Altman analysis with 95% limits of agreement were calculated. The ICC for the joint angles of the hip, knee, and ankle was higher than 0.80. However, the ankle angle at IC had an ICC lower than 0.80. The SEM was <5° for all parameters. The MDC was large (>5°) for the hip angle at IC. The Bland–Altman analysis indicated that the magnitude of divergence was between ±5° and ±9° at IC and around ±7° at TO. In conclusion, the ICC for the plug-in gait model was good for the hip, knee, and ankle angles during IC and TO. The plots revealed a disagreement between measurements that should be considered in patients’ clinical assessments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document