scholarly journals 3D Printing Techniques and Their Applications to Organ-on-a-Chip Platforms: A Systematic Review

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3304
Author(s):  
Violeta Carvalho ◽  
Inês Gonçalves ◽  
Teresa Lage ◽  
Raquel O. Rodrigues ◽  
Graça Minas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Organ On A Chip ◽  
Printing Techniques

Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models, such as organ-on-a-chip platforms, are an emerging and effective technology that allows the replication of the function of tissues and organs, bridging the gap amid the conventional models based on planar cell cultures or animals and the complex human system. Hence, they have been increasingly used for biomedical research, such as drug discovery and personalized healthcare. A promising strategy for their fabrication is 3D printing, a layer-by-layer fabrication process that allows the construction of complex 3D structures. In contrast, 3D bioprinting, an evolving biofabrication method, focuses on the accurate deposition of hydrogel bioinks loaded with cells to construct tissue-engineered structures. The purpose of the present work is to conduct a systematic review (SR) of the published literature, according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, providing a source of information on the evolution of organ-on-a-chip platforms obtained resorting to 3D printing and bioprinting techniques. In the literature search, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases were used, and two authors independently performed the search, study selection, and data extraction. The goal of this SR is to highlight the importance and advantages of using 3D printing techniques in obtaining organ-on-a-chip platforms, and also to identify potential gaps and future perspectives in this research field. Additionally, challenges in integrating sensors in organs-on-chip platforms are briefly investigated and discussed.

scholarly journals Three-dimensionally printed polycaprolactone/multicomponent bioactive glass scaffolds for potential application in bone tissue engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Amirhosein Fathi ◽  
Farzad Kermani ◽  
Aliasghar Behnamghader ◽  
Sara Banijamali ◽  
Masoud Mozafari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Co Doped

AbstractOver the last years, three-dimensional (3D) printing has been successfully applied to produce suitable substitutes for treating bone defects. In this work, 3D printed composite scaffolds of polycaprolactone (PCL) and strontium (Sr)- and cobalt (Co)-doped multi-component melt-derived bioactive glasses (BGs) were prepared for bone tissue engineering strategies. For this purpose, 30% of as-prepared BG particles (size <38 μm) were incorporated into PCL, and then the obtained composite mix was introduced into a 3D printing machine to fabricate layer-by-layer porous structures with the size of 12 × 12 × 2 mm3.The scaffolds were fully characterized through a series of physico-chemical and biological assays. Adding the BGs to PCL led to an improvement in the compressive strength of the fabricated scaffolds and increased their hydrophilicity. Furthermore, the PCL/BG scaffolds showed apatite-forming ability (i.e., bioactivity behavior) after being immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF). The in vitro cellular examinations revealed the cytocompatibility of the scaffolds and confirmed them as suitable substrates for the adhesion and proliferation of MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. In conclusion, 3D printed composite scaffolds made of PCL and Sr- and Co-doped BGs might be potentially-beneficial bone replacements, and the achieved results motivate further research on these materials.

scholarly journals Development of a Biodegradable Subcutaneous Implant for Prolonged Drug Delivery Using 3D Printing

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Stewart ◽  
Juan Domínguez-Robles ◽  
Victoria McIlorum ◽  
Elena Mancuso ◽  
Dimitrios Lamprou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Implant Design ◽  
The Past ◽  
Drug Delivery Devices ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Subcutaneous Implant

Implantable drug delivery devices offer many advantages over other routes of drug delivery. Most significantly, the delivery of lower doses of drug, thus, potentially reducing side-effects and improving patient compliance. Three dimensional (3D) printing is a flexible technique, which has been subject to increasing interest in the past few years, especially in the area of medical devices. The present work focussed on the use of 3D printing as a tool to manufacture implantable drug delivery devices to deliver a range of model compounds (methylene blue, ibuprofen sodium and ibuprofen acid) in two in vitro models. Five implant designs were produced, and the release rate varied, depending on the implant design and the drug properties. Additionally, a rate controlling membrane was produced, which further prolonged the release from the produced implants, signalling the potential use of these devices for chronic conditions.

Laser-based 3D cell printing for tissue engineering

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lothar Koch ◽  
Andrea Deiwick ◽  
Boris Chichkov
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Cell Printing ◽  
Printing Technique ◽  
Cell Patterns ◽  
Printing Techniques

AbstractCurrently, different 3D printing techniques are investigated for printing biomaterials and living cells. An ambitious aim is the printing of fully functional tissue or organs. Furthermore, for manifold applications in biomedical research and in testing of pharmaceuticals or cosmetics, printed tissue could be a new method, partly substituting test animals. Here we describe a laser-based printing technique applied for the arrangement of vital cells in two and three-dimensional patterns and for tissue engineering. First printed tissue, tested in vitro and in vivo, and printing of cell patterns for investigating cell-cell interactions are presented.

scholarly journals Review of Design Considerations for Brain-on-a-Chip Models

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
Tiffany Cameron ◽  
Tanya Bennet ◽  
Elyn Rowe ◽  
Mehwish Anwer ◽  
Cheryl Wellington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Research ◽  
Neurovascular Unit ◽  
Cell Monolayer ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Organ On A Chip

In recent years, the need for sophisticated human in vitro models for integrative biology has motivated the development of organ-on-a-chip platforms. Organ-on-a-chip devices are engineered to mimic the mechanical, biochemical and physiological properties of human organs; however, there are many important considerations when selecting or designing an appropriate device for investigating a specific scientific question. Building microfluidic Brain-on-a-Chip (BoC) models from the ground-up will allow for research questions to be answered more thoroughly in the brain research field, but the design of these devices requires several choices to be made throughout the design development phase. These considerations include the cell types, extracellular matrix (ECM) material(s), and perfusion/flow considerations. Choices made early in the design cycle will dictate the limitations of the device and influence the end-point results such as the permeability of the endothelial cell monolayer, and the expression of cell type-specific markers. To better understand why the engineering aspects of a microfluidic BoC need to be influenced by the desired biological environment, recent progress in microfluidic BoC technology is compared. This review focuses on perfusable blood–brain barrier (BBB) and neurovascular unit (NVU) models with discussions about the chip architecture, the ECM used, and how they relate to the in vivo human brain. With increased knowledge on how to make informed choices when selecting or designing BoC models, the scientific community will benefit from shorter development phases and platforms curated for their application.

scholarly journals Femtosecond Laser-Based Integration of Nano-Membranes into Organ-on-a-Chip Systems

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3076
Author(s):  
Liubov Bakhchova ◽  
Linas Jonušauskas ◽  
Dovilė Andrijec ◽  
Marharyta Kurachkina ◽  
Tomas Baravykas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Channel System ◽  
Living Body ◽  
Laser Lithography ◽  
Functional Part ◽  
Chip Fabrication ◽  
Organ On A Chip ◽  
On Chip

Organ-on-a-chip devices are gaining popularity in medical research due to the possibility of performing extremely complex living-body-resembling research in vitro. For this reason, there is a substantial drive in developing technologies capable of producing such structures in a simple and, at the same time, flexible manner. One of the primary challenges in producing organ-on-chip devices from a manufacturing standpoint is the prevalence of layer-by-layer bonding techniques, which result in limitations relating to the applicable materials and geometries and limited repeatability. In this work, we present an improved approach, using three dimensional (3D) laser lithography for the direct integration of a functional part—the membrane—into a closed-channel system. We show that it allows the freely choice of the geometry of the membrane and its integration into a complete organ-on-a-chip system. Considerations relating to sample preparation, the writing process, and the final preparation for operation are given. Overall, we consider that the broader application of 3D laser lithography in organ-on-a-chip fabrication is the next logical step in this field’s evolution.

3D Culture Modelling: An Emerging Approach for Translational Cancer Research in Sarcomas

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (29) ◽  
pp. 4778-4788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Heredia-Soto ◽  
Andrés Redondo ◽  
José Juan Pozo Kreilinger ◽  
Virginia Martínez-Marín ◽  
Alberto Berjón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Tumour Spheroids ◽  
Current Therapies

Sarcomas are tumours of mesenchymal origin, which can arise in bone or soft tissues. They are rare but frequently quite aggressive and with a poor outcome. New approaches are needed to characterise these tumours and their resistance mechanisms to current therapies, responsible for tumour recurrence and treatment failure. This review is focused on the potential of three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models, including multicellular tumour spheroids (MCTS) and organoids, and the latest data about their utility for the study on important properties for tumour development. The use of spheroids as a particularly valuable alternative for compound high throughput screening (HTS) in different areas of cancer biology is also discussed, which enables the identification of new therapeutic opportunities in commonly resistant tumours.

scholarly journals Organoids of the female reproductive tract

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindrilla Chumduri ◽  
Margherita Y. Turco
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth

AbstractHealthy functioning of the female reproductive tract (FRT) depends on balanced and dynamic regulation by hormones during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and childbirth. The mucosal epithelial lining of different regions of the FRT—ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix and vagina—facilitates the selective transport of gametes and successful transfer of the zygote to the uterus where it implants and pregnancy takes place. It also prevents pathogen entry. Recent developments in three-dimensional (3D) organoid systems from the FRT now provide crucial experimental models that recapitulate the cellular heterogeneity and physiological, anatomical and functional properties of the organ in vitro. In this review, we summarise the state of the art on organoids generated from different regions of the FRT. We discuss the potential applications of these powerful in vitro models to study normal physiology, fertility, infections, diseases, drug discovery and personalised medicine.

scholarly journals Mimicking Tumor Hypoxia in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Employing Three-Dimensional In Vitro Models

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Iwona Ziółkowska-Suchanek
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Tumor Hypoxia ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Multicellular Tumor Spheroid

Hypoxia is the most common microenvironment feature of lung cancer tumors, which affects cancer progression, metastasis and metabolism. Oxygen induces both proteomic and genomic changes within tumor cells, which cause many alternations in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review defines current knowledge in the field of tumor hypoxia in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including biology, biomarkers, in vitro and in vivo studies and also hypoxia imaging and detection. While classic two-dimensional (2D) in vitro research models reveal some hypoxia dependent manifestations, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models more accurately replicate the hypoxic TME. In this study, a systematic review of the current NSCLC 3D models that have been able to mimic the hypoxic TME is presented. The multicellular tumor spheroid, organoids, scaffolds, microfluidic devices and 3D bioprinting currently being utilized in NSCLC hypoxia studies are reviewed. Additionally, the utilization of 3D in vitro models for exploring biological and therapeutic parameters in the future is described.

scholarly journals 3DP Printing of Oral Solid Formulations: A Systematic Review

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara R. M. Brambilla ◽  
Ogochukwu Lilian Okafor-Muo ◽  
Hany Hassanin ◽  
Amr ElShaer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Drug Dissolution ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a recent technology, which gives the possibility to manufacture personalised dosage forms and it has a broad range of applications. One of the most developed, it is the manufacture of oral solid dosage and the four 3DP techniques which have been more used for their manufacture are FDM, inkjet 3DP, SLA and SLS. This systematic review is carried out to statistically analyze the current 3DP techniques employed in manufacturing oral solid formulations and assess the recent trends of this new technology. The work has been organised into four steps, (1) screening of the articles, definition of the inclusion and exclusion criteria and classification of the articles in the two main groups (included/excluded); (2) quantification and characterisation of the included articles; (3) evaluation of the validity of data and data extraction process; (4) data analysis, discussion, and conclusion to define which technique offers the best properties to be applied in the manufacture of oral solid formulations. It has been observed that with SLS 3DP technique, all the characterisation tests required by the BP (drug content, drug dissolution profile, hardness, friability, disintegration time and uniformity of weight) have been performed in the majority of articles, except for the friability test. However, it is not possible to define which of the four 3DP techniques is the most suitable for the manufacture of oral solid formulations, because the selection is affected by different parameters, such as the type of formulation, the physical-mechanical properties to achieve. Moreover, each technique has its specific advantages and disadvantages, such as for FDM the biggest challenge is the degradation of the drug, due to high printing temperature process or for SLA is the toxicity of the carcinogenic risk of the photopolymerising material.

scholarly journals A guideline for 3D printing terminology in biomedical research utilizing ISO/ASTM standards

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E. Alexander ◽  
Nicole Wake ◽  
Leonid Chepelev ◽  
Philipp Brantner ◽  
Justin Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Digital File ◽  
Standardized Terminology ◽  
Standard Terms ◽  
The Impact

AbstractFirst patented in 1986, three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing or rapid prototyping, now encompasses a variety of distinct technology types where material is deposited, joined, or solidified layer by layer to create a physical object from a digital file. As 3D printing technologies continue to evolve, and as more manuscripts describing these technologies are published in the medical literature, it is imperative that standardized terminology for 3D printing is utilized. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide recommendations for standardized lexicons for 3D printing technologies described in the medical literature. For all 3D printing methods, standard general ISO/ASTM terms for 3D printing should be utilized. Additional, non-standard terms should be included to facilitate communication and reproducibility when the ISO/ASTM terms are insufficient in describing expository details. By aligning to these guidelines, the use of uniform terms for 3D printing and the associated technologies will lead to improved clarity and reproducibility of published work which will ultimately increase the impact of publications, facilitate quality improvement, and promote the dissemination and adoption of 3D printing in the medical community.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document