scholarly journals Femtosecond Laser-Based Integration of Nano-Membranes into Organ-on-a-Chip Systems

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3076
Author(s):  
Liubov Bakhchova ◽  
Linas Jonušauskas ◽  
Dovilė Andrijec ◽  
Marharyta Kurachkina ◽  
Tomas Baravykas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Channel System ◽  
Living Body ◽  
Laser Lithography ◽  
Functional Part ◽  
Chip Fabrication ◽  
Organ On A Chip ◽  
On Chip

Organ-on-a-chip devices are gaining popularity in medical research due to the possibility of performing extremely complex living-body-resembling research in vitro. For this reason, there is a substantial drive in developing technologies capable of producing such structures in a simple and, at the same time, flexible manner. One of the primary challenges in producing organ-on-chip devices from a manufacturing standpoint is the prevalence of layer-by-layer bonding techniques, which result in limitations relating to the applicable materials and geometries and limited repeatability. In this work, we present an improved approach, using three dimensional (3D) laser lithography for the direct integration of a functional part—the membrane—into a closed-channel system. We show that it allows the freely choice of the geometry of the membrane and its integration into a complete organ-on-a-chip system. Considerations relating to sample preparation, the writing process, and the final preparation for operation are given. Overall, we consider that the broader application of 3D laser lithography in organ-on-a-chip fabrication is the next logical step in this field’s evolution.

scholarly journals 3D Printing Techniques and Their Applications to Organ-on-a-Chip Platforms: A Systematic Review

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3304
Author(s):  
Violeta Carvalho ◽  
Inês Gonçalves ◽  
Teresa Lage ◽  
Raquel O. Rodrigues ◽  
Graça Minas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Organ On A Chip ◽  
Printing Techniques

Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models, such as organ-on-a-chip platforms, are an emerging and effective technology that allows the replication of the function of tissues and organs, bridging the gap amid the conventional models based on planar cell cultures or animals and the complex human system. Hence, they have been increasingly used for biomedical research, such as drug discovery and personalized healthcare. A promising strategy for their fabrication is 3D printing, a layer-by-layer fabrication process that allows the construction of complex 3D structures. In contrast, 3D bioprinting, an evolving biofabrication method, focuses on the accurate deposition of hydrogel bioinks loaded with cells to construct tissue-engineered structures. The purpose of the present work is to conduct a systematic review (SR) of the published literature, according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, providing a source of information on the evolution of organ-on-a-chip platforms obtained resorting to 3D printing and bioprinting techniques. In the literature search, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases were used, and two authors independently performed the search, study selection, and data extraction. The goal of this SR is to highlight the importance and advantages of using 3D printing techniques in obtaining organ-on-a-chip platforms, and also to identify potential gaps and future perspectives in this research field. Additionally, challenges in integrating sensors in organs-on-chip platforms are briefly investigated and discussed.

Micro-Topography Enhances Directional Myogenic Differentiation of Skeletal Precursor Cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Skeletal Myoblasts ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Chip Fabrication ◽  
On Chip

AbstractSkeletal muscle tissues were constructed using an in vitro model, by differentiating skeletal myoblasts using an array of linear microstructures with the medium aspect ratios. The adaptation of skeletal myoblasts has been characterized with immunoflurescence microscopy during cell proliferation and differentiation. In particular, the dependence of the alignment efficiency on the dimensions of the microstructures was studied. The morphology difference of the myotubes in the three-dimensional tissues was reported. This paper holds the promise of efficient on-chip fabrication of skeletal muscle tissues and has an important implication in direct muscle repair and muscular mechanics.

scholarly journals Three-dimensionally printed polycaprolactone/multicomponent bioactive glass scaffolds for potential application in bone tissue engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Amirhosein Fathi ◽  
Farzad Kermani ◽  
Aliasghar Behnamghader ◽  
Sara Banijamali ◽  
Masoud Mozafari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Co Doped

AbstractOver the last years, three-dimensional (3D) printing has been successfully applied to produce suitable substitutes for treating bone defects. In this work, 3D printed composite scaffolds of polycaprolactone (PCL) and strontium (Sr)- and cobalt (Co)-doped multi-component melt-derived bioactive glasses (BGs) were prepared for bone tissue engineering strategies. For this purpose, 30% of as-prepared BG particles (size <38 μm) were incorporated into PCL, and then the obtained composite mix was introduced into a 3D printing machine to fabricate layer-by-layer porous structures with the size of 12 × 12 × 2 mm3.The scaffolds were fully characterized through a series of physico-chemical and biological assays. Adding the BGs to PCL led to an improvement in the compressive strength of the fabricated scaffolds and increased their hydrophilicity. Furthermore, the PCL/BG scaffolds showed apatite-forming ability (i.e., bioactivity behavior) after being immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF). The in vitro cellular examinations revealed the cytocompatibility of the scaffolds and confirmed them as suitable substrates for the adhesion and proliferation of MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. In conclusion, 3D printed composite scaffolds made of PCL and Sr- and Co-doped BGs might be potentially-beneficial bone replacements, and the achieved results motivate further research on these materials.

scholarly journals On-Chip Fabrication and In-Flow 3D-Printing of Cell-Laden Microgel Constructs: From Chip to Scaffold Materials in One Integral Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Förster ◽  
Jürgen Groll ◽  
Benjamin Reineke ◽  
Stephan Hauschild ◽  
Ilona Paulus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Cell Protection ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Produce Cell ◽  
Chip Fabrication ◽  
Integral Process ◽  
Scaffold Materials ◽  
On Chip

Bioprinting has evolved into a thriving technology for the fabrication of cell-laden scaffolds. Bioinks are the most critical component for bioprinting. Recently, microgels have been introduced as a very promising bioink enabling cell protection and the control of the cellular microenvironment. However, their microfluidic fabrication inherently seemed to be a limitation. Here we introduce a direct coupling of microfluidics and 3D-printing for the microfluidic production of cell-laden microgels with direct in-flow bioprinting into stable scaffolds. The methodology enables the continuous on-chip encapsulation of cells into monodisperse microdroplets with subsequent in-flow cross-linking to produce cell-laden microgels, which after exiting a microtubing are automatically jammed into thin continuous microgel filaments. The integration into a 3D printhead allows direct in-flow printing of the filaments into free-standing three-dimensional scaffolds. The method is demonstrated for different cross-linking methods and cell lines. With this advancement, microfluidics is no longer a bottleneck for biofabrication. <br>

Fabrication and characterization of novel ethyl cellulose-grafted-poly (ɛ-caprolactone)/alginate nanofibrous/macroporous scaffolds incorporated with nano-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1128-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahideh Raeisdasteh Hokmabad ◽  
Soodabeh Davaran ◽  
Marziyeh Aghazadeh ◽  
Reza Rahbarghazi ◽  
Roya Salehi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Ethyl Cellulose ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

The major challenge of tissue regeneration is to develop three dimensional scaffolds with suitable properties which would mimic the natural extracellular matrix to induce the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of cells. Several materials have been used for the preparation of the scaffolds for bone regeneration. In this study, novel ethyl cellulose-grafted-poly (ɛ-caprolactone) (EC-g-PCL)/alginate scaffolds with different contents of nano-hydroxyapatite were prepared by combining electrospinning and freeze-drying methods in order to provide nanofibrous/macroporous structures with good mechanical properties. For this aim, EC-g-PCL nanofibers were obtained with electrospinning, embedded layer-by-layer in alginate solutions containing nano-hydroxyapatite particles, and finally, these constructions were freeze-dried. The scaffolds possess highly porous structures with interconnected pore network. The swelling, porosity, and degradation characteristics of the EC-g-PCL/alginate scaffolds were decreased with the increase in nano-hydroxyapatite contents, whereas increases in the in-vitro biomineralization and mechanical strength were observed as the nano-hydroxyapatite content was increased. The cell response to EC-g-PCL/alginate scaffolds with/or without nano-hydroxyapatite was investigated using human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). hDPSCs displayed a high adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation on nano-hydroxyapatite-incorporated EC-g-PCL/alginate scaffolds compared to pristine EC-g-PCL/alginate scaffold. Overall, these results suggested that the EC-g-PCL/alginate-HA scaffolds might have potential applications in bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Engineered Heterochronic Parabiosis in 3D Microphysiological System for Identification of Muscle Rejuvenating Factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunki Lee ◽  
Jeongmoon J. Choi ◽  
Song Ih Ahn ◽  
Nan Hee Leea ◽  
Woojin M. Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Muscle Stem Cell ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Systemic Factors ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
On Chip

AbstractExposure of aged mice to a young systemic milieu revealed remarkable rejuvenation effects on aged tissues, including skeletal muscle. Although some candidate factors have been identified, the exact identity and the underlying mechanisms of putative rejuvenating factors remain elusive, mainly due to the complexity of in vivo parabiosis. Here, we present an in vitro muscle parabiosis system that integrates young- and old-muscle stem cell vascular niche on a three-dimensional microfluidic platform designed to recapitulate key features of native muscle stem cell microenvironment. This innovative system enables mechanistic studies of cellular dynamics and molecular interactions within the muscle stem cell niche, especially in response to conditional extrinsic stimuli of local and systemic factors. We demonstrate that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling from endothelial cells and myotubes synergistically contribute to the rejuvenation of the aged muscle stem cell function. Moreover, with the adjustable on-chip system, we can mimic both blood transfusion and parabiosis and detect the time-varying effects of anti-geronic and pro-geronic factors in a single organ or multi-organ systems. Our unique approach presents a complementary in vitro model to supplement in vivo parabiosis for identifying potential anti-geronic factors responsible for revitalizing aging organs.

scholarly journals On-Chip Fabrication and In-Flow 3D-Printing of Cell-Laden Microgel Constructs: From Chip to Scaffold Materials in One Integral Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Förster ◽  
Jürgen Groll ◽  
Benjamin Reineke ◽  
Stephan Hauschild ◽  
Ilona Paulus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Cell Protection ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Produce Cell ◽  
Chip Fabrication ◽  
Integral Process ◽  
Scaffold Materials ◽  
On Chip

Bioprinting has evolved into a thriving technology for the fabrication of cell-laden scaffolds. Bioinks are the most critical component for bioprinting. Recently, microgels have been introduced as a very promising bioink enabling cell protection and the control of the cellular microenvironment. However, their microfluidic fabrication inherently seemed to be a limitation. Here we introduce a direct coupling of microfluidics and 3D-printing for the microfluidic production of cell-laden microgels with direct in-flow bioprinting into stable scaffolds. The methodology enables the continuous on-chip encapsulation of cells into monodisperse microdroplets with subsequent in-flow cross-linking to produce cell-laden microgels, which after exiting a microtubing are automatically jammed into thin continuous microgel filaments. The integration into a 3D printhead allows direct in-flow printing of the filaments into free-standing three-dimensional scaffolds. The method is demonstrated for different cross-linking methods and cell lines. With this advancement, microfluidics is no longer a bottleneck for biofabrication. <br>

scholarly journals Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Cell Culture and Their Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Ballav ◽  
Ankita Jaywant Deshmukh ◽  
Shafina Siddiqui ◽  
Jyotirmoi Aich ◽  
Soumya Basu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Living Body ◽  
Preclinical Trials ◽  
Dimensional Cell

Cell culture is one of the most important and commonly used in vitro tools to comprehend various aspects of cells or tissues of a living body such as cell biology, tissue morphology, mechanism of diseases, cell signaling, drug action, cancer research and also finds its great importance in preclinical trials of various drugs. There are two major types of cell cultures that are most commonly used- two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional culture (3D). The former has been used since the 1900s, owing to its simplicity and low-cost maintenance as it forms a monolayer, while the latter being the advanced version and currently most worked upon. This chapter intends to provide the true meaning and significance to both cultures. It starts by making a clear distinction between the two and proceeds further to discuss their different applications in vitro. The significance of 2D culture is projected through different assays and therapeutic treatment to understand cell motility and treatment of diseases, whereas 3D culture includes different models and spheroid structures consisting of multiple layers of cells, and puts a light on its use in drug discovery and development. The chapter is concluded with a detailed account of the production of therapeutic proteins by the use of cells.

Dielectrophoretic medium exchange around droplets for on-chip fabrication of Layer-by-Layer microcapsules

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haizhen Sun ◽  
Yukun Ren ◽  
Tianyi Jiang ◽  
Ye Tao ◽  
Hongyuan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Engineering ◽  
Continuous Medium ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Medium Exchange ◽  
Chip Fabrication ◽  
Coating Layers ◽  
On Chip

Continuous medium exchange within a microchannel represents a highly sought-after technique in functionalizing micro-objects with coating layers, enabling a myriad of applications ranging from biomedical engineering to materials science. Herein,...

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