scholarly journals Wideband Channel Characterization for 6G Networks in Industrial Environments

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2015
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Saman ◽  
Marshed Mohamed ◽  
Michael Cheffena ◽  
Arild Moldsvor
Keyword(s):  
Radio Channel ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Channel Measurements ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Dispersion Parameters ◽  
Time Dispersion ◽  
K Factor ◽  
Industrial Environments

Wireless data traffic has increased significantly due to the rapid growth of smart terminals and evolving real-time technologies. With the dramatic growth of data traffic, the existing cellular networks including Fifth-Generation (5G) networks cannot fully meet the increasingly rising data rate requirements. The Sixth-Generation (6G) mobile network is expected to achieve the high data rate requirements of new transmission technologies and spectrum. This paper presents the radio channel measurements to study the channel characteristics of 6G networks in the 107–109 GHz band in three different industrial environments. The path loss, K-factor, and time dispersion parameters are investigated. Two popular path loss models for indoor environments, the close-in free space reference distance (CI) and floating intercept (FI), are used to examine the path loss. The mean excess delay (MED) and root mean squared delay spread (RMSDS) are used to investigate the time dispersion of the channel. The path loss results show that the CI and FI models fit the measured data well in all industrial settings with a path loss exponent (PLE) of 1.6–2. The results of the K-factor show that the high value in industrial environments at the sub-6 GHz band still holds well in our measured environments at a high frequency band above 100 GHz. For the time dispersion parameters, it is found that most of the received signal energy falls in the early delay bins. This work represents a first step to establish the feasibility of using 6G networks operating above 100 GHz for industrial applications.

scholarly journals Channel Measurements and Modeling at 6 GHz in the Tunnel Environments for 5G Wireless Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang-de Li ◽  
Yuan-jian Liu ◽  
Le-ke Lin ◽  
Zhong Sheng ◽  
Xiang-chen Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Path Loss ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Channel Measurements ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Rms Delay Spread ◽  
K Factor ◽  
Reference Distance ◽  
Loss Models

Propagation measurements of wireless channels performed in the tunnel environments at 6 GHz are presented in this paper. Propagation characteristics are simulated and analyzed based on the method of shooting and bouncing ray tracing/image (SBR/IM). A good agreement is achieved between the measured results and simulated results, so the correctness of SBR/IM method has been validated. The measured results and simulated results are analyzed in terms of path loss models, received power, root mean square (RMS) delay spread, Ricean K-factor, and angle of arrival (AOA). The omnidirectional path loss models are characterized based on close-in (CI) free-space reference distance model and the alpha-beta-gamma (ABG) model. Path loss exponents (PLEs) are 1.50–1.74 in line-of-sight (LOS) scenarios and 2.18–2.20 in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios. Results show that CI model with the reference distance of 1 m provides more accuracy and stability in tunnel scenarios. The RMS delay spread values vary between 2.77 ns and 18.76 ns. Specially, the Poisson distribution best fits the measured data of RMS delay spreads for LOS scenarios and the Gaussian distribution best fits the measured data of RMS delay spreads for NLOS scenarios. Moreover, the normal distribution provides good fits to the Ricean K-factor. The analysis of the abovementioned results from channel measurements and simulations may be utilized for the design of wireless communications of future 5G radio systems at 6 GHz.

scholarly journals Channel Characteristics of Rail Traffic Tunnel Scenarios Based on Ray-Tracing Simulator

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinmeng Zhao ◽  
Lei Xiong ◽  
Danping He ◽  
Jiadong Du
Keyword(s):  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Rms Delay Spread ◽  
Channel Characteristics ◽  
K Factor ◽  
Side Walls

The tunnel scenario is a major rail communication scenario. In this paper, the radio channel characteristics of tunnel scenarios with different carrier frequencies, different distances between the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx), and cross sections are simulated with a ray-tracing tool. Key parameters such as path loss, Rician K-factor, root mean square (RMS) delay spread, and angular spread are studied. According to the results, higher frequencies introduce larger path loss and the presence of the vehicle body increases the path loss by about 35 dB in the scenario; at the same time it will also cause the fluctuation and instability of the path loss. Besides, the influence of reflections from the side walls is significant on radio propagation. The channel experiences more severe fading in a narrow tunnel compared with others.

scholarly journals Directive mmWave radio channel modeling in a ship hull

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Brecht De Beelde ◽  
Andrés Almarcha Lopéz ◽  
David Plets ◽  
Marwan Yusuf ◽  
Emmeric Tanghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Channel ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Channel Modeling ◽  
Ship Hull ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
60 Ghz ◽  
Channel Measurements ◽  
Channel Sounder ◽  
Path Distance

Abstract Wireless connectivity has been realized for multiple environments and different frequency bands. However, little research exists about mmWave communication in industrial environments. This paper presents the 60 GHz double-directional radio channel for mmWave communication in a ship hull for Line-of-Sight (LOS) and non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) conditions. We performed channel measurements using the Terragraph channel sounder at different locations in the ship hull and fitted LOS path loss to a one-slope path loss model. Path loss and root-mean-square delay spread of the LOS path is compared to the reflected path with lowest path loss. NLOS communication via this first-order reflected path is modeled by calculating the path distance and determining the reflection loss. The reflection losses have a considerable contribution to the signal attenuation of the reflected path. The channel models are implemented in an indoor coverage prediction tool, which was extended with a ray launching algorithm and validated by comparison with an analytical electromagnetic solver. The results show that the mmWave radio channel allows high-throughput communication within a ship hull compartment, even when no LOS path between the transmitter and receiver is present.

scholarly journals Measurements of Building Transmission Loss and Delay Spread at 2.5 GHz

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Gonsioroski ◽  
L. da Silva Mello
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Dispersion Parameters ◽  
Rms Delay Spread ◽  
Urban Buildings ◽  
Time Dispersion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Excess Delay

This paper presents the results of measurements of signal transmission loss at 2.5 GHz through 10 urban buildings. This allows the characterization of different types of buildings by effective attenuation constants and consideration of the contribution of the transmitted signal in microcell coverage predictions. Power delay profiles (PDPs) of the received signal were also measured and used to determine the time dispersion parameters of the channel, including the mean excess delay and the rms delay spread.

scholarly journals NLOS Path Loss Model for Low-Height Antenna Links in High-Rise Urban Street Grid Environments

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juyul Lee ◽  
Myung-Don Kim ◽  
Hyun Kyu Chung ◽  
Jinup Kim
Keyword(s):  
Path Loss ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Channel Measurements ◽  
Loss Model ◽  
Path Loss Model ◽  
Power Delay Profile ◽  
High Rise

This paper presents a NLOS (non-line-of-sight) path loss model for low-height antenna links in rectangular street grids to account for typical D2D (device-to-device) communication link situations in high-rise urban outdoor environments. From wideband propagation channel measurements collected in Seoul City at 3.7 GHz, we observed distinctive power delay profile behaviors between 1-Turn and 2-Turn NLOS links: the 2-Turn NLOS has a wider delay spread. This can be explained by employing the idea that the 2-Turn NLOS has multiple propagation paths along the various street roads from TX to RX, whereas the 1-Turn NLOS has a single dominant propagation path from TX to RX. Considering this, we develop a path loss model encompassing 1-Turn and 2-Turn NLOS links with separate scattering and diffraction parameters for the first and the second corners, based on the Uniform Geometrical Theory of Diffraction. In addition, we consider the effect of building heights on path loss by incorporating an adjustable “waveguide effect” parameter; that is, higher building alleys provide better propagation environments. When compared with field measurements, the predictions are in agreement.

scholarly journals Measurement and Simulation for Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Communications at 3.5 GHz for 5G

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yi Zeng ◽  
Haofan Yi ◽  
Zijie Xia ◽  
Shaoshi Wang ◽  
Bo Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
System Level ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Channel Measurements ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Channel Characteristics ◽  
Channel Parameters ◽  
Vehicle To Infrastructure

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is more and more crucial in the modern transportation field, such as the applications of autonomous vehicles, dynamic traffic light sequences, and automatic road enforcement. As the upcoming fifth-generation mobile network (5G) is entering the deployment phase, the idea of cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) is proposed. The same 5G networks, coming to mobile phones, will also allow vehicles to communicate wirelessly with each other. Hence, 3.5 GHz, as the main sub-6 GHz band licensed in 5G, is focused in our study. In this paper, a comprehensive study on the channel characteristics for vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) link at 3.5 GHz frequency band is conducted through channel measurements and ray-tracing (RT) simulations. Firstly, the channel parameters of the V2I link are characterized based on the measurements, including power delay profile (PDP), path loss, root-mean-square (RMS) delay spread, and coherence bandwidth. Then, the measurement-validated RT simulator is utilized to conduct the simulations in order to supplement other channel parameters, in terms of the Ricean K-factor, angular spreads, the cross-correlations of abovementioned parameters, and the autocorrelation of each parameter itself. This work is aimed at helping the researchers understand the channel characteristics of the V2I link at 3.5 GHz and support the link-level and system level design for future vehicular communications of 5G.

scholarly journals A Radio Channel Model for D2D Communications Blocked by Single Trees in Forest Environments

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (21) ◽  
pp. 4606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imanol Picallo ◽  
Hicham Klaina ◽  
Peio Lopez-Iturri ◽  
Erik Aguirre ◽  
Mikel Celaya-Echarri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Channel Model ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Isolated Trees ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Distance Model ◽  
Recreation Area

In this paper we consider the D2D (Device-to-Device) communication taking place between Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) elements operating in vegetation environments in order to achieve the radio channel characterization at 2.4 GHz, focusing on the radio links blocked by oak and pine trees modelled from specimens found in a real recreation area located within forest environments. In order to fit and validate a radio channel model for this type of scenarios, both measurements and simulations by means of an in-house developed 3D Ray Launching algorithm have been performed, offering as outcomes the path loss and multipath information of the scenarios under study for forest immersed isolated trees and non-isolated trees. The specific forests, composed of thick in-leaf trees, are called Orgi Forest and Chandebrito, located respectively in Navarre and Galicia, Spain. A geometrical and dielectric model of the trees were created and introduced in the simulation software. We concluded that the scattering produced by the tree can be divided into two zones with different dominant propagation mechanisms: an obstructed line of sight (OLoS) zone far from the tree fitting a log-distance model, and a diffraction zone around the edge of the tree. 2D planes of delay spread value are also presented which similarly reflects the proposed two-zone model.

scholarly journals RMS Delay Spread vs. Coherence Bandwidth from 5G Indoor Radio Channel Measurements at 3.5 GHz Band

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wout Debaenst ◽  
Arne Feys ◽  
Iñigo Cuiñas ◽  
Manuel García Sánchez ◽  
Jo Verhaevert
Keyword(s):  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Channel Measurements ◽  
Rms Delay Spread

Our society has become fully submersed in fourth generation (4G) technologies, setting constant connectivity as the norm. Together with self-driving cars, augmented reality, and upcoming technologies, the new generation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices is pushing the development of fifth generation (5G) communication systems. In 5G architecture, increased capacity, improved data rate, and decreased latency are the objectives. In this paper, a measurement campaign is proposed; we focused on studying the propagation properties of microwaves at a center frequency of 3.5 GHz, commonly used in 5G cellular networks. Wideband measurement data were gathered at various indoor environments with different dimensions and characteristics. A ray-tracing analysis showed that the power spectrum is dominated by the line of sight component together with reflections on two sidewalls, indicating the practical applicability of our results. Two wideband parameters, root mean square delay spread and coherence bandwidth, were estimated for the considered scenarios, and we found that they are highly dependent on the physical dimension of the environment rather than on furniture present in the room. The relationship between both parameters was also investigated to provide support to network planners when obtaining the bandwidth from the delay spread, easily computed by a ray-tracing tool.

scholarly journals Ray-Based Statistical Propagation Modeling for Indoor Corridor Scenarios at 15 GHz

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Bo Ai ◽  
Ke Guan ◽  
David W. Matolak ◽  
Ruisi He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Propagation Characteristic ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Channel Measurements ◽  
The Impact

According to the demands for fifth-generation (5G) communication systems, high frequency bands (above 6 GHz) need to be adopted to provide additional spectrum. This paper investigates the characteristics of indoor corridor channels at 15 GHz. Channel measurements with a vector network analyzer in two corridors were conducted. Based on a ray-optical approach, a deterministic channel model covering both antenna and propagation characteristic is presented. The channel model is evaluated by comparing simulated results of received power and root mean square delay spread with the corresponding measurements. By removing the impact of directional antennas from the transmitter and receiver, a path loss model as well as small-scale fading properties for typical corridors is presented based on the generated samples from the deterministic model. Results show that the standard deviation of path loss variation is related to the Tx height, and placing the Tx closer to the ceiling leads to a smaller fluctuation of path loss.

Path-loss and time dispersion parameters for indoor UWB propagation

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Muqaibel ◽  
A. Safaai-Jazi ◽  
A. Attiya ◽  
B. Woerner ◽  
S. Riad
Keyword(s):  
Path Loss ◽  
Dispersion Parameters ◽  
Time Dispersion
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document