scholarly journals RMS Delay Spread vs. Coherence Bandwidth from 5G Indoor Radio Channel Measurements at 3.5 GHz Band

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wout Debaenst ◽  
Arne Feys ◽  
Iñigo Cuiñas ◽  
Manuel García Sánchez ◽  
Jo Verhaevert
Keyword(s):  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Channel Measurements ◽  
Rms Delay Spread

Our society has become fully submersed in fourth generation (4G) technologies, setting constant connectivity as the norm. Together with self-driving cars, augmented reality, and upcoming technologies, the new generation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices is pushing the development of fifth generation (5G) communication systems. In 5G architecture, increased capacity, improved data rate, and decreased latency are the objectives. In this paper, a measurement campaign is proposed; we focused on studying the propagation properties of microwaves at a center frequency of 3.5 GHz, commonly used in 5G cellular networks. Wideband measurement data were gathered at various indoor environments with different dimensions and characteristics. A ray-tracing analysis showed that the power spectrum is dominated by the line of sight component together with reflections on two sidewalls, indicating the practical applicability of our results. Two wideband parameters, root mean square delay spread and coherence bandwidth, were estimated for the considered scenarios, and we found that they are highly dependent on the physical dimension of the environment rather than on furniture present in the room. The relationship between both parameters was also investigated to provide support to network planners when obtaining the bandwidth from the delay spread, easily computed by a ray-tracing tool.

scholarly journals Channel Characteristics of Rail Traffic Tunnel Scenarios Based on Ray-Tracing Simulator

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinmeng Zhao ◽  
Lei Xiong ◽  
Danping He ◽  
Jiadong Du
Keyword(s):  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Rms Delay Spread ◽  
Channel Characteristics ◽  
K Factor ◽  
Side Walls

The tunnel scenario is a major rail communication scenario. In this paper, the radio channel characteristics of tunnel scenarios with different carrier frequencies, different distances between the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx), and cross sections are simulated with a ray-tracing tool. Key parameters such as path loss, Rician K-factor, root mean square (RMS) delay spread, and angular spread are studied. According to the results, higher frequencies introduce larger path loss and the presence of the vehicle body increases the path loss by about 35 dB in the scenario; at the same time it will also cause the fluctuation and instability of the path loss. Besides, the influence of reflections from the side walls is significant on radio propagation. The channel experiences more severe fading in a narrow tunnel compared with others.

scholarly journals Channel Measurement for Multiple Frequency Bands in Subway Tunnel Scenario

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Zhuomin Hu ◽  
Wenli Ji ◽  
Hengkai Zhao ◽  
Xuping Zhai ◽  
Asad Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Mimo Channel ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Channel Measurements ◽  
Subway Tunnel ◽  
Frequency Bands

In next-generation radio communication systems, the use of higher frequency bands and the massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems has turned into hot research topics because they have the potential to increase network capacity significantly by exploiting the available narrowband and broadband spectrums. Therefore, the narrowband channel measurements are executed at the following five potential frequency bands, including 2.6 GHz, 3.5 GHz, 5.6 GHz, 10 GHz, and 28 GHz in the Shanghai subway tunnel environment in order to fulfill the latest standards of fifth generation (5G). Moreover, in the broadband channel measurements, the center frequency is 3.5 GHz and 5.6 GHz and the bandwidth is considered as 160 MHz, respectively. At the transmitter (Tx) side, a uniform rectangular antenna array composed of 32 elements is fixed on the platform near the tunnel walls. The receiver (Rx) is equipped with a uniform cylindrical antenna array consisting of 64 elements, which is set on a trolley along the track. Based on the acquired massive MIMO channel impulse responses, delay spread, angle spread, eigenvalue and channel capacity are analyzed. The results reveal that the multipath delay in the tunnel scenario is quite short, the delay spread and angle spread drop rapidly as the distance between Tx and Rx increases and the channel matrix gradually becomes serious. This research provides a reference for the deployment of future 5G systems in the subway tunnel.

scholarly journals Broadband Wireless Channel in Composite High-Speed Railway Scenario: Measurements, Simulation, and Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwen Ding ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Jingya Yang ◽  
Bin Sun ◽  
Jiying Huang
Keyword(s):  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Wireless Channel ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
High Speed Railway

The rapid development of high-speed railway (HSR) and train-ground communications with high reliability, safety, and capacity promotes the evolution of railway dedicated mobile communication systems from Global System for Mobile Communications-Railway (GSM-R) to Long Term Evolution-Railway (LTE-R). The main challenges for LTE-R network planning are the rapidly time-varying channel and high mobility, because HSR lines consist of a variety of complex terrains, especially the composite scenarios where tunnels, cuttings, and viaducts are connected together within a short distance. Existing researches mainly focus on the path loss and delay spread for the individual HSR scenarios. In this paper, the broadband measurements are performed using a channel sounder at 950 MHz and 2150 MHz in a typical HSR composite scenario. Based on the measurements, the pivotal characteristics are analyzed for path loss exponent, power delay profile, and tap delay line model. Then, the deterministic channel model in which the 3D ray-tracing algorithm is applied in the composite scenario is presented and validated by the measurement data. Based on the ray-tracing simulations, statistical analysis of channel characteristics in delay and Doppler domain is carried out for the HSR composite scenario. The research results can be useful for radio interface design and optimization of LTE-R system.

scholarly journals Analysis of Propagation Characteristics for Various Subway Tunnel Scenarios at 28 GHz

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Chengjian Wang ◽  
Wenli Ji ◽  
Guoxin Zheng ◽  
Asad Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Propagation Characteristics ◽  
Subway Tunnels

In order to meet the higher data transmission rate requirements of subway communication services, the millimeter wave (mmWave) broadband communication is considered as a potential solution in 5G technology. Based on the channel measurement data in subway tunnels, this paper uses ray-tracing (RT) simulation to predict the propagation characteristics of the 28 GHz millimeter wave frequency band in different tunnel scenarios. A large number of simulations based on ray-tracing software have been carried out for tunnel models with different bending radiuses and different slopes, and we further compared the simulation results with the real time measurement data of various subway tunnels. The large-scale and small-scale propagation characteristics of the channel, such as path loss (PL), root mean square delay spread (RMS-DS), and angle spread (AS), for different tunnel scenarios are analyzed, and it was found that the tunnel with a greater slope causes larger path loss and root mean square delay spread. Furthermore, in the curved tunnel, the angle spread of the azimuth angle is larger than that in a straight tunnel. The proposed results can provide a reference for the design of future 5G communication systems in subway tunnels.

scholarly journals Wideband and Ultrawideband Channel Models in Working Machine Environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attaphongse Taparugssanagorn ◽  
Matti Hämäläinen ◽  
Jari Iinatti
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Decay ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Rms Delay Spread ◽  
Decay Profile ◽  
Cabin Environment ◽  
Uwb Radio

We present statistical models for wideband and ultrawideband (UWB) radio channels in a working machine cabin environment. Based on a set of measurements, it was found that such a small and confined space causes mostly diffuse multipath scattering rather than specular paths. The amplitude of the channel impulse responses in the wideband case is mostly Rayleigh distributed small-scale fading signal, with only a few paths exhibiting Ricean distributions, whereas the ones in the UWB case tend to be log-normally distributed. For the path amplitude, we suggest an exponential decay profile, which has a constant slope in dB scale, with the corresponding parameters for the UWB case. For the wideband case, a twofold exponential decay profile provides excellent fits to the measured data. It was also noted that the root-mean-square (RMS) delay spread is independent of the line-of-sight/obstructed line-of-sight situations of the channel. The multipath components contributing significant energy play a major role in such a small environment if compared to the direct path. In addition, the radio channel gains are attenuated with the presence of a driver inside the cabin.

scholarly journals Articulating Factors Defining RMS Delay Spread in LV PLC Networks

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabih Güzelgöz ◽  
Hasan Basri Çelebi ◽  
Hüseyin Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Power Line ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Rms Delay Spread ◽  
Vehicle Data ◽  
Wideband Communications ◽  
Recent Developments

Communication over the power line network (PLN) referred as power line communication (PLC) has a long history of narrowband applications. With the recent developments in the field of digital communications, current interest is to exploit this medium for wideband communications for several applications such as Internet access, home networking, and in-vehicle data communication. In line with this recently emerging interest which envisions the conversion of a power transmission network into a communication network, understanding the root-mean-squared (RMS) delay spread is essential for multipath PLC channels for the establishment of reliable communication systems. In this paper, factors that play a role on the RMS delay spread value of low voltage (LV) PLC channels are articulated. Among these factors, dependency of the RMS delay spread on attenuation, loading, and physical characteristics of the communication channel in the PLNs is investigated.

scholarly journals Ray-Based Statistical Propagation Modeling for Indoor Corridor Scenarios at 15 GHz

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Bo Ai ◽  
Ke Guan ◽  
David W. Matolak ◽  
Ruisi He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Propagation Characteristic ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Channel Measurements ◽  
The Impact

According to the demands for fifth-generation (5G) communication systems, high frequency bands (above 6 GHz) need to be adopted to provide additional spectrum. This paper investigates the characteristics of indoor corridor channels at 15 GHz. Channel measurements with a vector network analyzer in two corridors were conducted. Based on a ray-optical approach, a deterministic channel model covering both antenna and propagation characteristic is presented. The channel model is evaluated by comparing simulated results of received power and root mean square delay spread with the corresponding measurements. By removing the impact of directional antennas from the transmitter and receiver, a path loss model as well as small-scale fading properties for typical corridors is presented based on the generated samples from the deterministic model. Results show that the standard deviation of path loss variation is related to the Tx height, and placing the Tx closer to the ceiling leads to a smaller fluctuation of path loss.

scholarly journals Wideband Channel Characterization for 6G Networks in Industrial Environments

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2015
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Saman ◽  
Marshed Mohamed ◽  
Michael Cheffena ◽  
Arild Moldsvor
Keyword(s):  
Radio Channel ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Channel Measurements ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Dispersion Parameters ◽  
Time Dispersion ◽  
K Factor ◽  
Industrial Environments

Wireless data traffic has increased significantly due to the rapid growth of smart terminals and evolving real-time technologies. With the dramatic growth of data traffic, the existing cellular networks including Fifth-Generation (5G) networks cannot fully meet the increasingly rising data rate requirements. The Sixth-Generation (6G) mobile network is expected to achieve the high data rate requirements of new transmission technologies and spectrum. This paper presents the radio channel measurements to study the channel characteristics of 6G networks in the 107–109 GHz band in three different industrial environments. The path loss, K-factor, and time dispersion parameters are investigated. Two popular path loss models for indoor environments, the close-in free space reference distance (CI) and floating intercept (FI), are used to examine the path loss. The mean excess delay (MED) and root mean squared delay spread (RMSDS) are used to investigate the time dispersion of the channel. The path loss results show that the CI and FI models fit the measured data well in all industrial settings with a path loss exponent (PLE) of 1.6–2. The results of the K-factor show that the high value in industrial environments at the sub-6 GHz band still holds well in our measured environments at a high frequency band above 100 GHz. For the time dispersion parameters, it is found that most of the received signal energy falls in the early delay bins. This work represents a first step to establish the feasibility of using 6G networks operating above 100 GHz for industrial applications.

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