scholarly journals High Sensitivity Microfiber Interferometer Sensor in Aqueous Solution

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad Hayatu Girei ◽  
Hong Ngee Lim ◽  
Muhammad Zamharir Ahmad ◽  
Mohd Adzir Mahdi ◽  
Ahmad Rifqi Md Zain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Wavelength Shift ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Wide Wavelength Range ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Cladding Mode

The need for environmental protection and water pollution control has led to the development of different sensors for determining many kinds of pollutants in water. Ammonia nitrogen presence is an important indicator of water quality in environmental monitoring applications. In this paper, a high sensitivity sensor for monitoring ammonia nitrogen concentration in water using a tapered microfiber interferometer (MFI) as a sensor platform and a broad supercontinuum laser as the light source is realized. The MFI is fabricated to the waist diameter of 8 µm producing a strong interference pattern due to the coupling of the fundamental mode with the cladding mode. The MFI sensor is investigated for a low concentration of ammonia nitrogen in water in the wide wavelength range from 1500–1800 nm with a high-power signal provided by the supercontinuum source. The broad source allows optical sensing characteristics of the MFI to be evaluated at four different wavelengths (1505, 1605, 1705, and 1785 nm) upon exposure towards various ammonia nitrogen concentrations. The highest sensitivity of 0.099 nm/ppm that indicates the wavelength shift is observed at 1785 nm operating wavelength. The response is linear in the ammonia nitrogen range of 5–30 ppm with the best measurement resolution calculated to be 0.5 ppm. The low concentration ammonia nitrogen detected by the MFI in the unique infrared region reveals the potential application of this optical fiber-based sensor for rivers and drinking water monitoring.

Ruminal peptide and ammonia nitrogen concentrations in steers fed diets with different concentrate to lucerne hay ratios

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 214-214
Author(s):  
Alireza Vakili ◽  
Mohsen Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
Reza Valizadeh ◽  
Alireza Heravi Moussavi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Nassiry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Ruminal Microorganisms ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

In ruminants, as much as 50% of the dietary crude protein can be converted to ammonia by ruminal microorganisms. A part of ammonia can be utilized as a bacterial nitrogen source; however, rates of ammonia production often exceed rates of ammonia utilization. Peptides are intermediates in the conversion of ingested protein to ammonia in the rumen and their accumulation depends upon the nature of diet (Mesgaran & Parker, 1995). The objective of the present experiment was to investigate the effect of diets differing in concentrate: lucerne hay ratios on the ruminal pH, ammonia-nitrogen concentration and ruminal peptide nitrogen concentration in Holstein steers.

A comparison of various methods of feeding supplements of urea, sulfur and molasses to weaner heifers during the dry season in northern Queensland

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
SR McLennan ◽  
DJ Hirst ◽  
RK Shepherd ◽  
KR McGuigan
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Group 2

Over 3 dry seasons (1984-86), delivery systems of urea supplements were evaluated on weaner heifers grazing native pasture. Daily treatments per heifer were urea-ammonium sulfate (US) (28g + 6g), via the drinking water; urea-molasses (UM) (30g + 250g), via roller drum lick feeders; UM2 (60g + 1000g), via open troughs. Rainfall recordings were well above average in all dry seasons. The only liveweight response to supplementation occurred in 1986, during a dry period from June to October. During this period the liveweight performance of the US group was improved relative to the control group (+7 v. -57 g/heifer.day; P<0.05). The response of the UM2 group (+82 g/heifer.day) exceeded (P<0.05) that of all other groups. There was no response to the UM supplement (-51 g/heifer.day). Over the combined dry and following wet seasons the UM2 group grew faster (P<0.05) than all other groups. Ammonia-nitrogen concentrations in the rumen fluid of heifers, measured in the 1984 and 1986 dry seasons, were very low for the control group (7-54 mg/L rumen fluid) but were much higher in the US group 2 h after drinking (108-152 mg/L). At 18 h after drinking, the ammonia-nitrogen concentration had declined markedly in the US group (30-54 mg/L) but, in 2 of 3 observations, was still higher than that of the controls (significantly in 1 case; P<0.05).

scholarly journals Effect of influent ammonia nitrogen concentration on microbial community in MBBR reactor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huizhou Yuan ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Kun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Average Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Microbial Samples

Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore the nitrogen removal efficiency of the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) under different ammonia nitrogen concentrations (states P1–P5), especially the composition of various forms of nitrogen, related genes and microbial community structure and succession law in the effluent of the reactor. The results show that the average efficiency of MBBR effluent denitrification is 63.63%. The concentration dynamics of NO3−-N and NO2−-N in the effluent indicated a relatively short-range nitrification and denitrification reaction in the MBBR. The results of 16SrDNA sequencing of P1–P5 microbial samples found that changes in the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the influent produced significant changes in the composition of the microbial community in the MBBR. The genera Ottowia and Flavobacterium played an important role in the nitrogen removal of the MBBR system.

The Investigation for the Purification of a Recycling Aquaculture System

2013 ◽  
Vol 765-767 ◽  
pp. 3013-3017
Author(s):  
Chao Bing Deng ◽  
Ya Qing Liu ◽  
Ping Xian ◽  
Jun He He ◽  
Xiao Fei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Aquaculture System ◽  
High Purification ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

With the design of the aquiculture system, the purification effect was studied to provide the basis for the ecological aquiculture model. The research results show that the organic pollutants and ammonia nitrogen concentrations were reduced to below 5 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L in the system; When the concentration of CODMnkeeps above 8 mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen can be removed efficiently; The system is capable for resistance shocking, when the concentration of CODMnincreased to more than 65 mg/L or ammonia nitrogen concentration increased to more than 6 mg/L, the system can keep a high purification effect.

Nitrogen cycling in a Venezuelan tropical seasonally flooded forest: soil nitrogen mineralization and nitrification

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barrios E. ◽  
Herrera R.
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Flooded Forest ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Minimum Stress ◽  
Seasonally Flooded

ABSTRACTSeasonally flooded forests represent a transition between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The Mapire river, a tributary of the Orinoco river, floods its surrounding forests during the wet season (May–December). The soils are very acid and the total nitrogen concentration (0.1%) is only half that found in nearby soils flooded by Orinoco waters. Ammonium-nitrogen predominates in the soil during the flooded period while nitrate-nitrogen concentrations are higher in the dry period. Wide fluctuations in the inorganic nitrogen fractions did not considerably affect the annual course of soil nitrogen.The predominance of mineralization versus nitrification (56 and 5 μgsoil month−1respectively) and possibly the synchronization of nitrogen availability with plant demand could be considered as nitrogen conserving mechanisms.In synchrony with the hydrologic cycle, the seasonally flooded forest studied shows a nitrogencycle where inputs and accumulation are maximized when the system is under minimum stress (dry season). During flooding, the system enters a period of dormancy making minimal use of nutrient and energy to avoid or tolerate anaerobiosis.

scholarly journals The Fitness Advantage of Commercial Wine Yeasts in Relation to the Nitrogen Concentration, Temperature, and Ethanol Content under Microvinification Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 704-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estéfani García-Ríos ◽  
Alicia Gutiérrez ◽  
Zoel Salvadó ◽  
Francisco Noé Arroyo-López ◽  
José Manuel Guillamon
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Wine Yeast ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Wine Yeasts ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Fitness Advantage ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Industrial Strains ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

ABSTRACTThe effect of the main environmental factors governing wine fermentation on the fitness of industrial yeast strains has barely received attention. In this study, we used the concept of fitness advantage to measure how increasing nitrogen concentrations (0 to 200 mg N/liter), ethanol (0 to 20%), and temperature (4 to 45°C) affects competition among four commercial wine yeast strains (PDM, ARM, RVA, and TTA). We used a mathematical approach to model the hypothetical time needed for the control strain (PDM) to out-compete the other three strains in a theoretical mixed population. The theoretical values obtained were subsequently verified by competitive mixed fermentations in both synthetic and natural musts, which showed a good fit between the theoretical and experimental data. Specifically, the data show that the increase in nitrogen concentration and temperature values improved the fitness advantage of the PDM strain, whereas the presence of ethanol significantly reduced its competitiveness. However, the RVA strain proved to be the most competitive yeast for the three enological parameters assayed. The study of the fitness of these industrial strains is of paramount interest for the wine industry, which uses them as starters of their fermentations. Here, we propose a very simple method to model the fitness advantage, which allows the prediction of the competitiveness of one strain with respect to different abiotic factors.

scholarly journals Nitrogen for growth of stock plants and production of strawberry runner tips

Bragantia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djeimi Isabel Janisch ◽  
Jerônimo Luiz Andriolo ◽  
Vinícius Toso ◽  
Kamila Gabriele Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Jéssica Maronez de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Camino Real ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Crown Roots

The objective of this research was to determine growth and dry matter partitioning among organs of strawberry stock plants under five Nitrogen concentrations in the nutrient solution and its effects on emission and growth of runner tips. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, from September 2010 to March 2011, in a soilless system with Oso Grande and Camino Real cultivars. Nitrogen concentrations of 5.12, 7.6, 10.12 (control), 12.62 and 15.12 mmol L-1 in the nutrient solution were studied in a 5x2 factorial randomised experimental design. All runner tips bearing at least one expanded leaf (patent requested) were collected weekly and counted during the growth period. The number of leaves, dry matter (DM) of leaves, crown and root, specific leaf area and leaf area index (LAI) was determined at the final harvest. Increasing N concentration in the nutrient solution from 5.12 to 15.12 mmol L-1 reduces growth of crown, roots and LAI of strawberry stock plants but did not affect emission and growth of runner tips. It was concluded that for the commercial production of plug plants the optimal nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution should be 5.12 mmol L-1.

Seasonal fluctuations in river bacteria as measured by multivariate statistical analysis of continuous cultures

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 959-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin R. Bell ◽  
Maxine A. Holder-Franklin ◽  
Mervyn Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Continuous Cultures ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

Forty-eight continuous culture enrichments were performed on summer and winter water samples from two contrasting rivers. The cell output from each chemostat was dependant on the temperature and nitrogen concentration of each enrichment. The diversity of the populations from the continuous cultures, as assessed by species diversity analysis, was always greater than populations obtained on agar plates. However, the species isolated exclusively by continuous culture in these experiments were not unique to the chemostat. All of these species had been isolated at some time on plates directly. High nitrogen concentrations were found to decrease diversity. Populations sampled during the winter were influenced primarily by the concentration of nitrogen. Summer isolates were affected mainly by the temperature of the culture medium. The nutritional versatility of the population was not affected by enrichment of the continuous culture.

scholarly journals Comparison of the nest materials of Polistes Gallicus (L.), Polistes dominulus (Christ) and Polistes nimpha (Christ) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 1079-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nil Bagriaçik
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Average Thickness ◽  
Polistes Dominulus ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Nest Materials ◽  
Physical Features

The aim of this study was to determine and compare the nest materials and some physical features and elemental composition of the nests of Polistes gallicus (L.), Polistes dominulus (Christ) and Polistes nimpha (Christ) collected in similar ecological conditions. The nest architectures of the three species were similar. In the P. gallicus nest, the average thickness of the fibers was 5.73 ?m, the nitrogen concentration was 26.14%, and percentages of the fibers and saliva were 77% and 23%, respectively. In the P. dominulus nest, the average thickness of the fibers was 8.7 ?m, and the nitrogen concentration was 27.42%; the percentages of fiber and saliva were 78% and 22%, respectively. In the P. nimpha nest, the average thickness of the fibers was 9.04 ?m, the nitrogen concentration was 25.82%, and the percentages of the fiber and saliva were 42% and 58%, respectively. There were differences in the amount of saliva and nitrogen concentrations.

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