scholarly journals Wireless Acoustic Sensor Nodes for Noise Monitoring in the City of Linares (Jaén)

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose-Angel Fernandez-Prieto ◽  
Joaquín Cañada-Bago ◽  
Manuel-Angel Gadeo-Martos
Keyword(s):  
Complete System ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Topology Design ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Acoustic Sensor ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The City

Noise pollution is a problem that affects millions of people worldwide. Over the last few years, many researchers have devoted their attention to the design of wireless acoustic sensor networks (WASNs) to monitor the real data of continuous and precise noise levels and to create noise maps in real time and space. Although WASNs are becoming a reality in smart cities, some research studies argue that very few projects have been deployed around the world, with most of them deployed as pilots for only days or weeks, with a small number of nodes. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a complete system for a WASN deployed in the city of Linares (Jaén), Spain, which has been running continuously for ten months. The complete system covers the network topology design, hardware and software of the sensor nodes, protocols, and a private cloud web server platform. As a result, the information provided by the system for each location where the sensor nodes are deployed is as follows: LAeq for a given period of time; noise indicators Lden, Lday, Levening, and Lnight; percentile noise levels (LA01T, LA10T, LA50T, LA90T, and LA99T); a temporal evolution representation of noise levels; and the predominant frequency of the noise. Some comparisons have been made between the noise indicators calculated by the sensor nodes and those from a commercial sound level meter. The results suggest that the proposed system is perfectly suitable for use as a starting point to obtain accurate maps of the noise levels in smart cities.

YOUTH EXPECTATIONS OF SMART CITY LIVING: AN IMPORTANCE- PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF YOUNG RESIDENTS’ PERSPECTIVES OF CITY GOVERNMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
Jason Cohen ◽  
Judy Backhouse ◽  
Omar Ally
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
City Government ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
City Management ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The City

Young people are important to cities, bringing skills and energy and contributing to economic activity. New technologies have led to the idea of a smart city as a framework for city management. Smart cities are developed from the top-down through government programmes, but also from the bottom-up by residents as technologies facilitate participation in developing new forms of city services. Young people are uniquely positioned to contribute to bottom-up smart city projects. Few diagnostic tools exist to guide city authorities on how to prioritise city service provision. A starting point is to understand how the youth value city services. This study surveys young people in Braamfontein, Johannesburg, and conducts an importance-performance analysis to identify which city services are well regarded and where the city should focus efforts and resources. The results show that Smart city initiatives that would most increase the satisfaction of youths in Braamfontein  include wireless connectivity, tools to track public transport  and  information  on city events. These  results  identify  city services that are valued by young people, highlighting services that young people could participate in providing. The importance-performance analysis can assist the city to direct effort and scarce resources effectively.

scholarly journals A Digital Signal Processor Based Acoustic Sensor for Outdoor Noise Monitoring in Smart Cities

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel López ◽  
Jesús Alonso ◽  
César Asensio ◽  
Ignacio Pavón ◽  
Luis Gascó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Noise ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Noise Measurement ◽  
Acoustic Sensor ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Frequency Weighting

Presently, large cities have significant problems with noise pollution due to human activity. Transportation, economic activities, and leisure activities have an important impact on noise pollution. Acoustic noise monitoring must be done with equipment of high quality. Thus, long-term noise monitoring is a high-cost activity for administrations. For this reason, new alternative technological solutions are being used to reduce the costs of measurement instruments. This article presents a design for a versatile electronic device to measure outdoor noise. This device has been designed according to the technical standards for this type of instrument, which impose strict requirements on both the design and the quality of the device’s measurements. This instrument has been designed under the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) concept, so the microphone–electronics set can be used as a sensor that can be connected to any microprocessor-based device, and therefore can be easily attached to a monitoring network. To validate the instrument’s design, the device has been tested following the regulations of the calibration laboratories for sound level meters (SLM). These tests allowed us to evaluate the behavior of the electronics and the microphone, obtaining different results for these two elements. The results show that the electronics and algorithms implemented fully fit within the requirements of type 1 noise measurement instruments. However, the use of an electret microphone reduces the technical features of the designed instrument, which can only fully fit the requirements of type 2 noise measurement instruments. This situation shows that the microphone is a key element in this kind of instrument and an important element in the overall price. To test the instrument’s quality and show how it can be used for monitoring noise in smart wireless acoustic sensor networks, the designed equipment was connected to a commercial microprocessor board and inserted into the infrastructure of an existing outdoor monitoring network. This allowed us to deploy a low-cost sub-network in the city of Málaga (Spain) to analyze the noise of conflict areas due to high levels of leisure noise. The results obtained with this equipment are also shown. It has been verified that this equipment meets the similar requirements to those obtained for type 2 instruments for measuring outdoor noise. The designed equipment is a two-channel instrument, that simultaneously measures, in real time, 86 sound noise parameters for each channel, such as the equivalent continuous sound level (Leq) (with Z, C, and A frequency weighting), the peak level (with Z, C, and A frequency weighting), the maximum and minimum levels (with Z, C, and A frequency weighting), and the impulse, fast, and slow time weighting; seven percentiles (1%, 5%, 10%, 50%, 90%, 95%, and 99%); as well as continuous equivalent sound pressure levels in the one-third octave and octave frequency bands.

scholarly journals Smart Cities: Transport Challenges of the Macedonian Capital City

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimoza Bogdanoska Jovanovska ◽  
Daniela Koltovska Nechoska
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The City

Abstract Smart City as a concept presupposes using new information and communication technologies in order to improve the quality of life within a particular geographic area. There are six different pillars in the frame of this concept and their one purpose is to achieve better efficiency of city operations. Smart mobility and transport are some of them. The efforts of traditional cities to become smart are not easily and quickly achievable. Numerous traffic solutions have already been implemented in different cities all over the world that make the ‘jump’ from traditional city to smart city. This paper provides an overview of the ‘smart’ transport solutions that have been implemented in the city of Skopje as a traditional city, which is on its way to becoming a smart city. The presented smart solutions are related to traffic management and control area and are aimed at alleviating traffic problems. The focus is on non-motorized solutions, e-vehicles, adaptive traffic control systems and public transport solutions. Several aims have been set in this paper – to promote the achievements of the municipality of Skopje aimed at transforming Skopje into a smart city in a transport area; to present its functionality, and to point out the disadvantages related to law regulations and the interconnection of all stakeholders involved. Finally, the idea is to provide a starting point for future research and to recommend future steps in this direction in the city of Skopje.

scholarly journals Effects of nightlife noise in a city center

Noise Mapping ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-235
Author(s):  
Gino Iannace ◽  
Amelia Trematerra ◽  
Ilaria Lombardi
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
City Center ◽  
Resident Population ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Mobile Stations ◽  
Level Meter ◽  
The City

Abstract The term Movida takes its name from the evening and night life of the city for their liveliness and animation. During the Movida, noise is one of the problems in the city centers due to the negative effects on the resident population. This paper reports the effects of noise due to the Movida phenomenon within the city center in southern Italy. Along the roads affected by the Movida phenomenon, the values of sound levels in dBA were measured both with fixed stations with a sound level meter and with mobile stations by wearing a noise dosimeter a participant of Movida. The measured noise levels are between 85 dBA to 90 dBA. The noise levels show that the Movida phenomenon generates disturbing conditions on the resident population with consequent conflict between club managers, patrons and residents.

scholarly journals NOISE EMISSION CAUSED BY TRANSPORT IN TRAKAI CITY MODELLING AND EVALUATION / TRANSPORTO SUKELIAMO TRIUKŠMO SKLAIDOS TRAKŲ MIESTE MODELIAVIMAS IR VERTINIMAS

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-437
Author(s):  
Tomas Vilniškis ◽  
Tomas Januševičius
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
The South ◽  
Noise Emission ◽  
Vehicle Noise ◽  
The North ◽  
Environment Noise ◽  
The City ◽  
Noise Map

One of the biggest problem in most cities – noise emissions in the environment caused by transport. It is found that environment noise can cause not only discomfort, but it is also harmful to health. Therefore, noise emissions in the environment is topical environmental problem. In this article the vehicle noise emissions are evaluated, depending on traffic in Trakai city. At selected locations in the northern and southern parts of the city equivalent and maximum noise levels are measured. According to estimates of traffic day, evening and night, using CadnaA program, noise maps are simulated. The noise map will show noise emissions day, evening and night. Measurement have shown, that maximum noise values was near main roads. In the south of the city, near Gediminas street, equivalent sound level during daytime was 60 dB, evening 54 dB, night – 48 dB. In the north of the city, near Karaimai street equivalent sound lever during daytime was 59 dB, evening – 54 dB, night – 51 dB. The simulations generated sound level values were similar to measured, the differences between the simulated and measured values were up to 4 dB. Viena didžiausių problemų miestuose – tai vis didėjančių transporto srautų sukeliamas triukšmas ir jo sklaida aplinkoje. Yra nustatyta, kad aplinkos triukšmas gali sukelti ne tik nepatogumų, tačiau ir kenkti sveikatai. Todėl triukšmo sklaida aplinkoje yra aktuali aplinkosaugos problema. Šiame straipsnyje vertinama transporto triukšmo sklaida, atsižvelgiant į transporto srautus Trakų mieste. Parinktose vietose šiaurinėje ir pietinėje miesto dalyse yra išmatuojami ekvivalentiniai ir didžiausieji garso lygiai. Pagal apskaičiuotus transporto srautus dienos, vakaro ir nakties metu, naudojant CadnaA programą, sudaromas triukšmo sklaidos žemėlapis. Žemėlapiuose pavaizduota triukšmo sklaida dienos, vakaro ir nakties metu. Atlikus matavimus, buvo nustatyta, jog didžiausios triukšmo vertės yra prie pagrindinių kelių. Pietinėje miesto dalyje, šalia Gedimino gatvės, ekvivalentinis garso lygis dienos metu siekia 60 dB, vakaro – 54 dB, nakties – 48 dB. Šiaurinėje miesto dalyje didžiausi triukšmo lygiai buvo prie Karaimų gatvės, kur ekvivalentinis garso lygis dienos metu siekė 59 dB, vakaro metu buvo 54 dB, nakties metu 51 dB. Atlikus modeliavimą, gautos garso lygio vertės buvo panašios kaip ir išmatuotos, skirtumai tarp sumodeliuotų ir išmatuotų verčių buvo iki 4 dB.

Mobile tourist guide supporting a smart city initiative: a Brazilian case study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Cacho ◽  
Luiz Mendes-Filho ◽  
Daniela Estaregue ◽  
Brunna Moura ◽  
Nélio Cacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The City ◽  
Mobile Tourist Guide

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe a smart city initiative presenting a mobile tourist guide developed for Natal, Brazil. Design/methodology/approach – This study has employed an exploratory case study approach to gain more knowledge about a smart city initiative and a mobile tourist guide in Brazil. The city of Natal was selected for this case study since it was one of the host cities during the FIFA World Cup 2014. The collected data for this research came from government (e.g. Natal Smart City plan), academic sources (e.g. Metropole Digital Institute (IMD)), and tourists’ information from the mobile tourist guide application. Findings – The smart city initiative of Natal, and the mobile tourist guide (named Find Natal) responsible for collecting, processing, sharing, storing and analysing the tourist behaviour were detailed in the paper. The Smart City Consortium in Natal is developing an interoperable and distributed infrastructure that is advancing the state-of-the-art in information and communication technologies (ICT) for planning and managing smart cities. The IMD implemented an application, which aims to enhance the traveller’s experience through software programs designed to leverage the infrastructure mechanisms behind the city. The data gathered by the application was analysed to show how it was used during the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Originality/value – The results show a developed ICT initiative in a Latin American country. This study offers a starting point for destinations willing to implement and deploy a smart city initiative.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Noise Environment and Noise Mapping with ArcGIS in Chittagong City, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-240
Author(s):  
Md. Abdul Aziz ◽  
Ahasanul Karim ◽  
Md. Mehedi Hassan Masum ◽  
Kazi Kader Newaz
Keyword(s):  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Noise Mapping ◽  
High Noise ◽  
Noise Environment ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Level Meter ◽  
The City

Objectives : Noise pollution in Chittagong City of Bangladesh is a big concern because of huge population growth and urbanization. The objective of the study was to evaluate and mapping the noise levels in twelve locations of this city at different periods.Methods : Noise level data were collected at various locations by a precision grade sound level meter and the noise pollution parameters (Lmin, LAeq,2h and Lmax) were calculated. Furthermore, the noise pollution maps of Chittagong City were developed using geographical information system to address the locations which are prone to the environmental hazards.Results and discussion : The study revealed that the average noise levels were 64.6, 76.9, and 75.5 dB(A) for residential, commercial and silence zones, respectively. The interpolated noise maps showed that noise environment of this city was unsatisfactory, especially, in the areas of New Market, Nasirabad, and Bawa School & College were exposed to high noise pollutions. The afternoon and evening periods were experiencing higher noise pollution in the commercial and silence zones than the morning period of the day.Conclusions : The study suggests that the noise levels are above the acceptable limit and hence urgent measures should be taken into consideration to control the level of noise pollution in the city.

Determination of the Probability Distribution of the Mean Sound Level

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Batko ◽  
Bartosz Przysucha
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Probability Distribution Function ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Function Form ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Logarithmic Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Estimation Of Uncertainty

AbstractAssessment of several noise indicators are determined by the logarithmic mean <img src="/fulltext-image.asp?format=htmlnonpaginated&src=P42524002G141TV8_html\05_paper.gif" alt=""/>, from the sum of independent random resultsL1;L2; : : : ;Lnof the sound level, being under testing. The estimation of uncertainty of such averaging requires knowledge of probability distribution of the function form of their calculations. The developed solution, leading to the recurrent determination of the probability distribution function for the estimation of the mean value of noise levels and its variance, is shown in this paper.

L’absence chez Michel Butor. L’Emploi du temps et Degrés

2012 ◽  
pp. 66-80
Author(s):  
Michał Mrozowicki
Keyword(s):  
Human Memory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Michel Butor ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Narrative Mode ◽  
The City

Michel Butor, born in 1926, one of the leaders of the French New Novel movement, has written only four novels between 1954 and 1960. The most famous of them is La Modification (Second thoughts), published in 1957. The author of the paper analyzes two other Butor’s novels: L’Emploi du temps (Passing time) – 1956, and Degrés (Degrees) – 1960. The theme of absence is crucial in both of them. In the former, the novel, presented as the diary of Jacques Revel, a young Frenchman spending a year in Bleston (a fictitious English city vaguely similar to Manchester), describes the narrator’s struggle to survive in a double – spatial and temporal – labyrinth. The first of them, formed by Bleston’s streets, squares and parks, is symbolized by the City plan. During his one year sojourn in the city, using its plan, Revel learns patiently how to move in its different districts, and in its strange labyrinth – strange because devoid any centre – that at the end stops annoying him. The other, the temporal one, symbolized by the diary itself, the labyrinth of the human memory, discovered by the narrator rather lately, somewhere in the middle of the year passed in Bleston, becomes, by contrast, more and more dense and complex, which is reflected by an increasinly complex narration used to describe the past. However, at the moment Revel is leaving the city, he is still unable to recall and to describe the events of the 29th of February 1952. This gap, this absence, symbolizes his defeat as the narrator, and, in the same time, the human memory’s limits. In Degrees temporal and spatial structures are also very important. This time round, however, the problems of the narration itself, become predominant. Considered from this point of view, the novel announces Gerard Genette’s work Narrative Discourse and his theoretical discussion of two narratological categories: narrative voice and narrative mode. Having transgressed his narrative competences, Pierre Vernier, the narrator of the first and the second parts of the novel, who, taking as a starting point, a complete account of one hour at school, tries to describe the whole world and various aspects of the human civilization for the benefit of his nephew, Pierre Eller, must fail and disappear, as the narrator, from the third part, which is narrated by another narrator, less audacious and more credible.

scholarly journals Selecting Freight Transportation Modes in Last-Mile Urban Distribution in Pamplona (Spain): An Option for Drone Delivery in Smart Cities

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4748
Author(s):  
Adrian Serrano-Hernandez ◽  
Aitor Ballano ◽  
Javier Faulin
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Freight Transportation ◽  
City Center ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Freight Logistics ◽  
Transportation Modes ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Urban Distribution ◽  
The City

Urban distribution in medium-sized cities faces a major challenge, mainly when deliveries are difficult in the city center due to: an increase of e-commerce, weak public transportation system, and the promotion of urban sustainability plans. As a result, private cars, public transportation, and freight transportation compete for the same space. This paper analyses the current state for freight logistics in the city center of Pamplona (Spain) and proposes alternative transportation routes and transportation modes in the last-mile city center distribution according to different criteria evaluated by residents. An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was developed. A number of alternatives have been assessed considering routes and transportation modes: the shortest route criterion and avoiding some city center area policies are combined with traditional van-based, bike, and aerial (drone) distribution protocols for delivering parcels and bar/restaurant supplies. These alternatives have been evaluated within a multicriteria framework in which economic, environmental, and social objectives are considered at the same time. The point in this multicriteria framework is that the criteria/alternative AHP weights and priorities have been set according to a survey deployed in the city of Pamplona (Navarre, Spain). The survey and AHP results show the preference for the use of drone or bike distribution in city center in order to reduce social and environmental issues.

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