Pauli Radius of the Proton

Using a procedure based on interpolation via continued fractions supplemented by statistical sampling, we analyze proton magnetic form factor data obtained via electron+proton scattering on Q 2 ∈ [0.027, 0.55] GeV2 with the goal of determining the proton magnetic radius. The approach avoids assumptions about the function form used for data interpolation and ensuing extrapolation onto Q 2 ≃ 0 for extraction of the form factor slope. In this way, we find r M = 0.817(27) fm. Regarding the difference between proton electric and magnetic radii calculated in this way, extant data are seen to be compatible with the possibility that the slopes of the proton Dirac and Pauli form factors, F 1,2(Q 2), are not truly independent observables; to wit, the difference F ′ 1 ( 0 ) − F ′ 2 ( 0 ) / κ p = [ 1 + κ p ] / [ 4 m p 2 ] , viz., the proton Foldy term.

Mantra masyarakat Sasak: Kajian bentuk, fungsi, dan aspek teologi

Mantra dalam sejumlah literatur dan kajian dijelaskan sebagai ucapan atau perkataan yang memiliki fungsi, bentuk dan bisa mendatangkan kekuatan. Fungsinya bisa sebagai pengobatan, pelindung diri, pemikat, dan sebagainya. Bahasa yang digunakan berbentuk perpaduan antara bahasa daerah dengan kalimat-kalimat islami yang memberikan aspek kesakralan. Namun demikian, terdapat seuatu yang berada di dalam mantra tersebut, yaitu aspek teologi atau pemahaman tentang Tuhan. Pemahaman tentang Tuhan itulah yang sesungguhnya memberikan implikasi terhadap fungsi atau kekuatan mantra tersebut. Dengan demikian, tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mendeskripsikan aspek teologi dalam bentuk dan fungsi mantra yang terdapat di dalam kebudayaan masyarakat Sasak. Metode yang digunakan ialah kualitatif-etnografi dengan narasumber 2 orang tokoh adat, 2 orang dukun (tukang obat) dan 2 orang pemilik mantra yang diwawancarai untuk memperoleh sejarah serta contoh mantra. Hasil temuan yang diperoleh yaitu mantra ialah ucapan yang memiliki bentuk seperti pantun, teka-teki atau puisi dan berfungsi sebagai pengobatan, pelindung diri, berburu dan sebagainya serta bisa menghadirkan kekuatan. Kekuatan yang bisa didatangkan dari mantra tersebut harus didasarkan kepada kepercayaan tentang kekuasaan Allah SWT. Kepercayaan terhadap kekuasaan Allah SWT itulah yang merujuk kepada aspek teologi masyarakat yang tersusun dalam dimensi kepercayaan terhadap Allah SWT, Rasul, takdir, alam gaib dan janji serta ancaman Allah SWT. Mantra in a number of literatures and studies are described as sayings or words that have function, form and can bring power. Its function can be as treatment, self-protection, charm, and so on. The language used is in the form of a blend of regional languages ​​with Islamic sentences that provide a sacred aspect. However, there is something in the mantra, namely the theological aspect or understanding of God. The understanding of God that actually has implications for the function or power of the mantra. Thus, the purpose of this study is to describe the theological aspects in the form and function of mantra contained in the culture of the Sasak people. The method used is qualitative-ethnographic, with 2 traditional leaders, 2 shamans (medicines) and 2 mantra owners being interviewed to obtain the history and examples of mantra. The findings obtained are that mantra are utterances that have forms such as rhymes, riddles or poetry and function as treatment, self-protection, hunting and so on and can bring the power. The power that can be obtained from the mantra must be based on belief in the power of Allah SWT. This belief in the power of Allah SWT refers to the theological aspects of society which are structured in the dimensions of belief in Allah SWT, Rasul, Takdir, the supernatural things and the promises and threats of Allah SWT.

“Choose Your Own Adventure”: Web-Based Case Studies of Inclusive Education as a Form of Professional Learning for School Principals

We examine the process of developing web-based case studies, a novel form of professional learning for principals, specifically related to inclusive school leadership. Based on the input from 39 principals, 5 case studies were developed with branching scenarios that provided multiple options for decision-making. These “choose your own adventure” case studies were used in a special education for school administrators course with 109 participants in Ontario, Canada. We consider the authenticity of the cases, the importance of incorporating multiple perspectives, and issues related to function, form, and choice. We incorporate five lessons for developing web-based case studies.

Originalität oder Epigonentum?

Julius Reubkes <Klaviersonate> gilt als getreues Abbild der <Sonate> h-Moll seines Lehrers Franz Liszt. Tatsächlich unterscheiden sich die beiden Werke deutlich voneinander: sowohl in ihrem Verhältnis zur Sonatenform als auch in Grundstruktur und Abwandlung ihrer Motive sowie der daraus resultierenden Dramaturgie. In der Kombination einer latenten "double-function"-Form mit einem systematisch verwendeten zyklischen Prinzip stellt Reubkes Werk einen originellen Beitrag zur Geschichte der Sonatenform dar, der auf die zyklische Sonate César Francks und die von ihr abgeleitete Theorie Vincent d'Indys vorausweist.

The Epistemology of Biomimetics: The Role of Models and of Morphogenetic Principles

Form follows function, but it does not follow from function. Form is not derivable from the latter. To realize a desired technical function, a form must first be found that is able to realize it at all. Secondly, the question arises as to whether an envisaged form realizes the function in an appropriate way. Functions are multiply realizable—various different forms can bear the very same function. One needs to find a form of a technical artifact that realizes an envisaged function sufficiently efficient, robust, or whatever criteria might be imposed. This paper scrutinizes biomimetics as one way to find a good solution to the realization problem. Drawing on an approach from the philosophy of simulations, it reconstructs the biomimetic relation as being mediated by a theoretical model. It is shown that the robustness of the functioning system is usually reached in different ways in biological and in technological systems, which explains differences in morphogenetic mechanisms or principles found in these fields. This reconstruction helps to understand problems with robustness in synthetic biology that occur when technical design principles are implemented in a biological system. The mimetic relation between the biological and the technical realm is found to be asymmetric.

Marginality and convexity in partition function form games

In this paper an order on the set of embedded coalitions is studied in detail. This allows us to define new notions of superaddivity and convexity of games in partition function form which are compared to other proposals in the literature. The main results are two characterizations of convexity. The first one uses non-decreasing contributions to coalitions of increasing size and can thus be considered parallel to the classic result for cooperative games without externalities. The second one is based on the standard convexity of associated games without externalities that we define using a partition of the player set. Using the later result, we can conclude that some of the generalizations of the Shapley value to games in partition function form lie within the cores of specific classic games when the original game is convex.

Pengendalian Stok Spareparts Mobil Dengan Metode EOQ dan Min-Max Inventory

This research was conducted in the distributor of car spare parts and the object studied was car glass glue. This item is a product that experiences a stacking stock in the warehouse, so it needs inventory control to reduce the stacking stock. The character of the product which does not have expired date as long as it is not used and small size, the company never make an optimal estimate of the order, so the activity of ordering goods is only based on its own estimates. The method used in this research is EOQ to obtain the economical amount of the product to be ordered. The calculation process using EOQ method is done against 2019 sales data predicted to 2021 using Trend Linear forecasting method, with function form is Y=1,8776x+256,21. Furthermore, the minimum and maximum stock quantity is determined using the Min-Max Inventory method. From the result of the study found that the economic Q per ordered is 386 pcs with the frequency of bookings 8 times a year. The minimum inventory is 108 pcs and the maximum is 144 pcs with the amount of safety stock is 72 pcs and ROP is 108 pcs. By using EOQ method, the company can make savings of Rp3,939,330 per year and reduce storage cost by Rp10,119,635 per year.

Domain Reconstruction and Mutation Approach to Expand Creative Design Solution Space for Practical Mechanical Systems

Mechanical systems are fundamental means and carriers for expanding human physical strength. Their novelty is the key factor to determine the cost of manufacture and maintenance, service life, reliability, and other comprehensive performance of products. However, the function-based synthesis methods mainly focus on expanding the solution space in the function layer; each artifact only matches a subfunction individually. Consequently, the obtained physical structures to realize the overall function of design problems are bloated rather than concise. For overcoming this flaw，a computerized creative design system for solving non-routine design problems based on the domain synthesis theory in quotient space was proposed in our previous studies by introducing two bottom-up rule-based matching processes to replace the function-form direct mapping in the FBS model and using form-independent and solution-neutral fine granularity function units to describe the subfunctions. In this paper, the domain reconstruction and mutation processes are introduced to expand the solution space of creative design and increase the creativity of matching physical structures for mechanical systems further. The case study shows that domain reconstruction can effectively imitate human experts' creative design skills to realize the ingenious combination of mechanisms and expand the function-form mapping solution space to the creative solution space. Moreover, the domain mutation can obtain more simplified physical structures to realize the complex top-level functions with few constituent devices. Utilizing fewer and simpler constituent physical structures to meet the functional requirements synergistically determine that the physical structures of mechanical systems figured out by the platform have prominent market competitive advantages due to their structural simplicity and novelty.