scholarly journals E-Skin Bimodal Sensors for Robotics and Prosthesis Using PDMS Molds Engraved by Laser

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia dos Santos ◽  
Nuno Pinela ◽  
Pedro Alves ◽  
Rodrigo Santos ◽  
Ricardo Farinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Laser Engraving ◽  
Pressure Sensing ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Piezoresistive Sensors ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
High Benefit ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Electronic skin (e-skin) is pursued as a key component in robotics and prosthesis to confer them sensing properties that mimic human skin. For pressure monitoring, a great emphasis on piezoresistive sensors was registered due to the simplicity of sensor design and readout mechanism. For higher sensitivity, films composing these sensors may be micro-structured, usually by expensive photolithography techniques or low-cost and low-customizable molds. Sensors commonly present different sensitivities in different pressure ranges, which should be avoided in robotics and prosthesis applications. The combination of pressure sensing and temperature is also relevant for the field and has room for improvement. This work proposes an alternative approach for film micro-structuration based on the production of highly customizable and low-cost molds through laser engraving. These bimodal e-skin piezoresistive and temperature sensors could achieve a stable sensitivity of −6.4 × 10−3 kPa−1 from 1.6 kPa to 100 kPa, with a very robust and reproducible performance over 27,500 cycles of objects grasping and releasing and an exceptionally high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of 8.3%/°C. These results point toward the versatility and high benefit/cost ratio of the laser engraving technique to produce sensors with a suitable performance for robotics and functional prosthesis.

Research on Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation System for Terminally Guided Projectile Guidance and Control System

2013 ◽  
Vol 655-657 ◽  
pp. 1479-1483
Author(s):  
Jiu Hui Ding ◽  
Bai Wei Guo ◽  
Shuang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Guidance And Control ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
High Benefit ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
And Control

one hardware-in-the-loop simulation (referred to HILS) system for terminally guided projectile guidance and control system has been built, based on the analysis to the demand of HILS for the guidance and control system of the terminally guided projectile. The running process and the comparison results of the HILS & mathematical simulation have been given. The simulation results show that the movement of the terminally guided projectile could be simulated by the HILS system, which has a high benefit-cost ratio and confidence.

The Distribution of Benefits in Road-Investment Appraisal

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
J S Dodgson
Keyword(s):  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Investment Planning ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Investment Appraisal ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Distributional Impact ◽  
Project Level

This paper discusses the problems involved in allowing for distributional considerations in road-investment appraisal. The first part demonstrates how existing traffic models can be modified in order to evaluate the distributional impact of benefits to leisure-time travellers in different income groups and different areas. In addition, it outlines the difficulties involved in estimating the distributional impact of benefits to travellers in working time, of freight-traffic benefits, and of accident benefits. The second part of the paper discusses the alternative approach of allowing for distributional considerations at the sector level, rather than at the individual project level. A model for determining a cut-off benefit–cost ratio for projects with particular distributional consequences is outlined, and is illustrated by reference to interurban road-investment planning in the United Kingdom.

scholarly journals A Simulation Study of the Effect of Injecting Carbon Dioxide with Nitrogen or Lean Gas on the Minimum Miscibility Pressure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed GH Mansour ◽  
Talal Gamadi ◽  
Hussain R Saoyleh
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Compositional Model ◽  
Minimum Miscibility Pressure ◽  
Gas Flooding ◽  
Benefit Cost

Abstract The objective of this study is to determine the effects of the concentration of injected gases on recovery factors. CO2 has been used for flooding because it requires low injection pressures to achieve miscibility. However, the availability of CO2 is an issue. CO2 required for the process is not sufficient for the reservoir under consideration. Moreover, its benefit-cost ratio (b/c) represents another issue; higher volumes of CO2 increases the economic expenditures. An alternative is to inject lean gas or nitrogen along with CO2 to achieve better recoveries at optimum costs and suitable pressure. Slim tube simulation using a commercial simulator is utilized to measure the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) of an injected gas mixture. The mixture contains CO2/N2 or CO2/lean gas. Using different concentrations in the injected mixture, an effect on the recovery factor is studied. The first 30 runs have 100% concentration of each individual gases i.e. N2, CO2 and lean gas. Based on these runs, the simulation model is validated using the co-relations present in the literature. Gas mixtures of CO2/N2 and CO2/lean gas were then simulated using the compositional model to test the effect on MMP by varying the concentration of each gas in the mixture. By changing the volumes of the gas in the injected mixture, we can find the optimum concentration of each component in the mixture in terms of MMP. From the results obtained through simulation, it can be deduced that higher percentages of CO2 in the mixture would result in reduced minimum miscibility pressure. The addition of a secondary slug to the injected CO2 fluid increases the pressure required to achieve miscibility. Of N2 and Lean gas, Lean gas provided better results as it showed low miscibility pressure responses compared to the same amount of N2 gas. For example, for a case, 50% CO2 and 50 %N2 or lean gas mixture, the MMP for the lean gas mixture is 3500 Psi, while for N2 mixture it was 4667 Psi. However, lean gas is expensive as compared to N2 and N2 is easily available. N2, if used in optimum concentration along with CO2 can produce greater recoveries keeping the process cost-effective while satisfying other constraints. CO2 is widely used for miscible injection, but it presents problems like costs, corrosion, and asphaltene deposition etc. The study can give an idea of the success of carrying out EOR through gas flooding by using N2 and CO2 to enhance recovery at low cost. N2 is easily available from air and it is cheap.

scholarly journals Effect of Presprouting of Seeds on Field Duration of Short and Long Duration Potato Varieties in Haor Ecosystem

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-207
Author(s):  
MM Karim ◽  
MSU Bhuiya ◽  
BC Das ◽  
SMA Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Project Site ◽  
Benefit Cost

A field experiment was conducted at the farmers’ field of Livelihood Improvement of Farming Community in Haor Area through System Approach Project site Purbo Tethulia, Mohangonj, Netrakona during the Rabi Season of 2011-2012 to shorten the field duration of potato through seed pre-sprouting technique and to find out the suitable potato variety for cultivation in Dingaputa haor area without affecting the cultivation period of boro rice. Diamont and one local variety Challisha were taken for the study. Pre-sprouting duration of Diamont was 10, 20, 30 and 40 days with un-sprouted Diamont and Challisha. In the study unsprouted Diamont produced significantly the highest yield (25.28 tha-1) followed by 20.01, 13.46, 13.31, 12.74 and 11.54 tha-1 of 10, 20, 30, 40 days pre-spouted Diamont and un-sprouted Challisha, respectively. The lowest field duration of the crop was 41 days of 30 and 40 days pre-spouted Diamont. The highest gross margin of Tk.165960 ha-1 was observed from the unsprouted Diamont potato against the variable cost of Tk.137400 ha-1 incurred. The performance of Challisha was also appreciated by the farmers for its quality and low cost of production. Unsprouted Diamont potato also ranked the top most position in terms of benefit cost ratio of 2.21.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14815 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(2): 205-207 2012

scholarly journals Effect of Novel Herbicides and Herbicide Mixtures on Yield and Economics of Transplanted Rice

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
B. Venkatesh ◽  
Y. S. Parameswari ◽  
M. Madhavi ◽  
T. Ram Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Plot Yield ◽  
Herbicide Mixture ◽  
Herbicide Mixtures ◽  
High Benefit ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Benefit Cost

A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2019 at Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The experiment done with twelve treatments and three replications. The study was taken to find out which herbicide mixture most effective in controlling of weeds leads to maximum yields with higher benefit cost ratio. The results revealed that, application of herbicide mixture florpyrauxifen-benzyl + cyhalofop-butyl 10% EC 150 g/ha PoE fb hand weeding at 40 days after transplanting (DAT) gave higher yields and net returns with high benefit cost ratio (B: C) which was statistically on par with minimum competitive plot. Unweeded plot yield was deviated about 48 % compare to florpyrauxifen-benzyl + cyhalofop-butyl 10% EC 150 g/ha PoE fb hand weeding at 40 days after transplanting.

scholarly journals Evaluation of new molecule of insecticides against pod fly (Melanagromyza obtusa) of pigeon pea

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
AK Singh
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
High Benefit ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Protection Pattern

Pod fly [Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch)] is a key biotic constraint for productivity in subsistence crop protection pattern; its damage varies up to 80%; has been estimated about US $ 256 million annually. The research trial was accomplished at Research Farm of SASRD, Nagaland University during Kharif 2011 and 2012 in order to evaluate the new molecules against pod fly. The experiment was consisted 6 treatments (Trizophos 500 g ai. ha-1, Emamectine benzoate 11 g ai. ha-1, Emamectine benzoate 11 g ai. ha-1 + Acetamiprid 30 g ai. ha-1, Flubendiamide 47 g ai. ha-1, Chlorantraniliprole 40 g ai. ha-1 and Spinosade 75 g ai. ha-1) compare with control. The lowest pod damage (9.7% and 9.3%), lowest grain damage (5.3% and 5%) and highest grain yield (1202 kg ha-1 and 1209 kg ha-1) were obtained from Chlorantraniliprole followed by Emamectine benzoate+ Acetamiprid, Spinosade, Emamectine benzoate, Flubendiamide, Trizophos and all the treatments were significantly superior over control. The highest B: C ratio reward (1:4.24) was obtained from Chlorantraniliprole. The results indicated that Chlorantraniliprole was more effectual against pod damage, grain damage, yield and B: C ratio. The safer chemical control methods reduce the pod damage, grain damage and higher yield with high benefit: cost ratio, so therefore chemical control popularizes as an effective, practical alternative and makes lucrative cultivation of pigeon pea. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21115 SAARC J. Agri., 12(1): 89-95 (2014)

scholarly journals Development of low cost agarwood essential oil extraction system for agar tree growers in Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-170
Author(s):  
MA Islam ◽  
MD Hussain ◽  
E Kabir ◽  
MZ Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Extraction System ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Extraction Chamber ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Agarwood Oil

This experiment was conducted to bring in a suitable and economic agarwood oil extraction method for Agar tree (Aquilaria agollocha) growers in Bangladesh. Agarwood was collected from Fotikchori upazila of Chittagong district and a prototype of hydro-distillation extraction chamber was developed at the lab of Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during January to March 2013. Using the prototype, 7 ml of agarwood oil was extracted from 15 kg matured agarwood. It was found from the calculation that the developed system can bring yearly benefit of Tk. 7,78,389 with benefit-cost ratio as 2.33. This development was, therefore, proven very beneficial for Bangladeshi agar tree growers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21407 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 167-170, June 2014

scholarly journals Yield and economics of chilli hybrid Sitara with the use of different nutrient management practices and organic amendments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Ranjitha ◽  
T. B. Allolli ◽  
D. R. Jhanavi ◽  
N. Kavyashree ◽  
S. Gururaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
High Benefit ◽  
Benefit Cost

A field experiment was conducted in Dharwad district, Karnataka during kharif season of 2015-2016, with an objective to assess the effectiveness of nutrient management practices and organic amendments on yield and economics of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) hybrid Sitara. The results revealed that the maximum yield parameters were recorded due to adoption of INM practices (among nutrient management practices) and Panchagavya (among organic amendments). INM practices and Panchagavya recorded high Benefit: cost ratio of 2.7 and 2.6 respectively.

Efficacy of new insecticides against okra shoot and fruit borer, Earias vitella (Fb.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

ENTOMON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-300
Author(s):  
Reshma Chandran ◽  
B. Ramesha ◽  
K.M. Sreekumar
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Fruit Borer ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
High Benefit ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

A field study conducted to evaluate the efficacy of new molecules against okra shoot and fruit borer, Earias vitella (Fb.) during rabi and summer season revealed that Chlorantraniliprole 8.8% + Thiamethoxam17.5% SC @ 0.7 ml/l significantly reduced the percentage of shoot and fruit damage. No shoot and fruit infestation was recorded at seven and fourteen days after treatment. It was on par with the standard check Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 0.3 ml/l followed by Novaluron 10 EC @ 2 ml/l and Lamdacyhalothrin 4.6% + Chlorantraniliprole 9.3% ZC. Chlorantraniliprole 8.8% + Thiamethoxam17.5% SC treated plots recorded highest total yield of 469.86 and 594.31 g/plant respectively. Maximum marketable yield was also recorded from Chlorantraniliprole 8.8% + Thiamethoxam17.5% SC treated plots respectively. Chlorantraniliprole 8.8% + Thiamethoxam17.5% SC also showed high benefit-cost ratio of 2.42 and 3.12 during rabi and summer season respectively.

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