scholarly journals Impact of Manufacturing Variability and Washing on Embroidery Textile Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Martinez-Estrada ◽  
Bahareh Moradi ◽  
Raúl Fernández-Garcia ◽  
Ignacio Gil
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Time Use ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Pure Silver ◽  
Process Variability ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Sensor Performance ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Textile Sensors ◽  
Textile Sensor

In this work, an embroidered textile moisture sensor is presented. The sensor is based on a capacitive interdigitated structure embroidered on a cotton substrate with an embroidery conductor yarn composed of 99% pure silver plated nylon yarn 140/17 dtex. In order to evaluate the sensor sensitivity, the impedance of the sensor has been measured by means of a impedance meter (LCR) from 20 Hz to 20 kHz in a climatic chamber with a sweep of the relative humidity from 25% to 65% at 20 °C. The experimental results show a clear and controllable dependence of the sensor impedance with the relative humidity. Moreover, the reproducibility of the sensor performance subject to the manufacturing process variability and washing process is also evaluated. The results show that the manufacturing variability introduces a moisture measurement error up to 4%. The washing process impact on the sensor behavior after applying the first washing cycle implies a sensitivity reduction higher than 14%. Despite these effects, the textile sensor keeps its functionality and can be reused in standard conditions. Therefore, these properties point out the usefulness of the proposed sensor to develop wearable applications within the health and fitness scope including when the user needs to have a life cycle longer than one-time use.

scholarly journals Impact of Manufacturing Variability and Washing on Embroidery Textile Sensor

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Martinez-Estrada ◽  
Bahared Moradi ◽  
Raul Fernandez-Garcia ◽  
Ignacio Gil
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Time Use ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Pure Silver ◽  
Process Variability ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Sensor Performance ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Textile Sensor ◽  
Lcr Meter

In this work, an embroidered textile moisture sensor is presented. The sensor is based on a capacitive interdigitated structure embroidered on a cotton substrate with an embroidery conductor yarn composed by 99% pure silver plated nylon yarn 140/17 dtex. In order to evaluate the sensor sensitivity, the impedance of the sensor has been measured by means of a LCR meter from 20 Hz to 20 kHz on a climatic chamber with a sweep of the relative humidity from 25% to 65% at 20 ºC. The experimental results show a clear and controllable dependence of the sensor impedance with the relative humidity. Moreover, the reproducibility of the sensor performance subject to the manufacturing process variability and washing process is also evaluated. The results show that the manufacturing variability introduce a moisture measurement error up to 4%. The washing process impact on the sensor behavior after applying the first washing cycle implies a sensitivity reduction higher than 14%. Despite these effect, the textile sensor keeps its functionality and can be reused in standard conditions. Therefore, these properties point out the usefulness of the proposed sensor to develop wearable applications on health and fitness scope including the user needs to have a life cycle longer than one-time use

scholarly journals Embroidery Textile Moisture Sensor

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Martinez-Estrada ◽  
Bahareh Moradi ◽  
Raúl Fernández-Garcia ◽  
Ignacio Gil
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
Pure Silver ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Sensor Sensitivity ◽  
Health And Fitness ◽  
Lcr Meter

In this work, two embroidered textile moisture sensors are presented. The sensors are based on a capacitive interdigitated structure embroidered on a cotton substrate with an embroidery conductor yarn composed by 99% pure silver plated nylon yarn 140/17 dtex. In order to evaluate the sensor sensitivity, the impedance of the sensor has been measured by means of a LCR meter from 20 Hz to 20 kHz on a climatic chamber with a sweep of the relative humidity from 25% to 65% at 20 °C. The experimental results show a clear and controllable dependence of the sensor impedance with the relative humidity. Therefore, this dependence points out the usefulness of the proposed sensor to develop wearable applications on health and fitness scope.

Dry chip feedrate control using online chip moisture

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (05) ◽  
pp. 295-305
Author(s):  
Wesley Gilbert ◽  
Ivan Trush ◽  
Bruce Allison ◽  
Randy Reimer ◽  
Howard Mason
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Process Variability ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Feedback Control Strategy ◽  
And Control

Normal practice in continuous digester operation is to set the production rate through the chip meter speed. This speed is seldom, if ever, adjusted except to change production, and most of the other digester inputs are ratioed to it. The inherent assumption is that constant chip meter speed equates to constant dry mass flow of chips. This is seldom, if ever, true. As a result, the actual production rate, effective alkali (EA)-to-wood and liquor-to-wood ratios may vary substantially from assumed values. This increases process variability and decreases profits. In this report, a new continuous digester production rate control strategy is developed that addresses this shortcoming. A new noncontacting near infrared–based chip moisture sensor is combined with the existing weightometer signal to estimate the actual dry chip mass feedrate entering the digester. The estimated feedrate is then used to implement a novel feedback control strategy that adjusts the chip meter speed to maintain the dry chip feedrate at the target value. The report details the results of applying the new measurements and control strategy to a dual vessel continuous digester.

PLA/Carbon Nanotubes Multifilament Yarns for Relative Humidity Textile Sensor

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 155892501100600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Devaux ◽  
Carole Aubry ◽  
Christine Campagne ◽  
Maryline Rochery
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Flexible Sensor ◽  
Spinning Process ◽  
Textile Sensor ◽  
Multifilament Yarns

Polylactide (PLA) was mixed with 4 wt.% of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to produce electrical conductive multifilament yarns by melt spinning process for humidity detection. Thanks to a variation of electrical conductivity, this flexible sensor could detect the moisture presence. The introduction of plasticizer was necessary to ensure higher fluidity and drawability of the blend during the spinning process. The plasticizer modifies the crystallinity and the mechanical properties of the yarns. The effectiveness of this sensor (PLA/4 wt.% CNTs fibres) sensitive to humidity, is optimal when the spinning conditions are adapted. In this way, the temperature and the rate of the drawing roll were reduced. The influence of these parameters on the crystallinity, the mechanical properties and the sensitivity of the yarns were studied. Once the appropriate spinning conditions found, one humidity sensitive yarn was processed and the repeatability and efficient reversibility of its sensitivity were highlighted.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Colorimetric Textile Sensor Based on Rhodamine Dye for Acidic Gas Detection

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Ki Park ◽  
Byeong M. Oh ◽  
A Ra Jo ◽  
Ji Hyeon Han ◽  
Jee Young Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Ph Sensitivity ◽  
Gas Detection ◽  
Textile Sensors ◽  
Printed Sensors ◽  
Textile Sensor ◽  
Rhodamine Dye ◽  
Strong Acids ◽  
High Reaction Rate

For the immediate detection of gaseous strong acids, it is advantageous to employ colorimetric textile sensors based on halochromic dyes. Thus, a rhodamine dye with superior pH sensitivity and high thermal stability was synthesized and incorporated in nylon 6 and polyester fabrics to fabricate textile sensors through dyeing and printing methods. The spectral properties and solubility of the dye were examined; sensitivity to acidic gas as well as durability and reversibility of the fabricated textile sensors were investigated. Both dyed and printed sensors exhibited a high reaction rate and distinctive color change under the acidic condition owing to the high pH sensitivity of the dye. In addition, both sensors have outstanding durability and reversibility after washing and drying.

scholarly journals Textile Sensors: Silk Composite Electronic Textile Sensor for High Space Precision 2D Combo Temperature–Pressure Sensing (Small 31/2019)

Small ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (31) ◽  
pp. 1970161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronghui Wu ◽  
Liyun Ma ◽  
Chen Hou ◽  
Zhaohui Meng ◽  
Wenxi Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensing ◽  
Textile Sensors ◽  
Textile Sensor ◽  
High Space ◽  
Electronic Textile

scholarly journals Impact of Conductive Yarns on Embroidery Textile Moisture Sensor

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Martinez-Estrada ◽  
Raul Fernandez-Garcia ◽  
Ignacio Gil
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
Moisture Measurement ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Sensor Sensitivity ◽  
Conductive Yarns ◽  
Lcr Meter ◽  
Conductive Yarn

In this work, two embroidered textile moisture sensors are characterized with three different conductive yarns. The sensors are based on a capacitive interdigitated structure embroidered on a cotton substrate with an embroidered conductor yarn. The performance comparison of 3 different type of conductive yarns has been addressed. In order to evaluate the sensor sensitivity, the impedance of the sensor has been measured by means of a LCR meter from 20 Hz to 20 kHz on a climatic chamber with a sweep of the relative humidity from 30% to 65% at 20 ºC. The experimental results show a clear and controllable dependence of the sensor impedance with the relative humidity and the used conductor yarns. This dependence points out the optimum conductive yarn to be used to develop wearable applications for moisture measurement.

scholarly journals Modeling Fabric Movement for Future E-Textile Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3735
Author(s):  
Roope Ketola ◽  
Vigyanshu Mishra ◽  
Asimina Kiourti
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Average Displacement ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Textile Sensors ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Textile Sensor ◽  
Joint Flexion ◽  
Optimal Type

Studies with e-textile sensors embedded in garments are typically performed on static and controlled phantom models that do not reflect the dynamic nature of wearables. Instead, our objective was to understand the noise e-textile sensors would experience during real-world scenarios. Three types of sleeves, made of loose, tight, and stretchy fabrics, were applied to a phantom arm, and the corresponding fabric movement was measured in three dimensions using physical markers and image-processing software. Our results showed that the stretchy fabrics allowed for the most consistent and predictable clothing-movement (average displacement of up to −2.3 ± 0.1 cm), followed by tight fabrics (up to −4.7 ± 0.2 cm), and loose fabrics (up to −3.6 ± 1.0 cm). In addition, the results demonstrated better performance of higher elasticity (average displacement of up to −2.3 ± 0.1 cm) over lower elasticity (average displacement of up to −3.8 ± 0.3 cm) stretchy fabrics. For a case study with an e-textile sensor that relies on wearable loops to monitor joint flexion, our modeling indicated errors as high as 65.7° for stretchy fabric with higher elasticity. The results from this study can (a) help quantify errors of e-textile sensors operating “in-the-wild,” (b) inform decisions regarding the optimal type of clothing-material used, and (c) ultimately empower studies on noise calibration for diverse e-textile sensing applications.

Woven Textile Moisture Sensor for Enuresis Alarm Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 604 ◽  
pp. 146-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inese Parkova
Keyword(s):  
Circuit Design ◽  
Humidity Sensor ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Alarm System ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Moisture Management ◽  
Textile Sensor ◽  
Enuresis Alarm ◽  
System Prototype ◽  
Woven Textile

To improve comfort conditions of the enuresis alarm system, modular humidity sensor should be replaced by textile sensor. During research woven textile moisture sensor was developed and first experiments of signal detection speed were performed. Washed and unwashed samples were tested from both sides of sensor. Measurements of electrical signals were performed with oscilloscope. It is important to know what the actual resistance of a wet sensor is in order to design a proper electrical circuit that controls the state of the sensor. Acquired values of electrical resistance will be used in further sensor circuit design for developing enuresis alarm system prototype. During the design of moisture sensor it is necessary to take into consideration position of electrodes depending on sensor’s configuration and characteristics of textile wettability and moisture management.

scholarly journals Temperature Cycled Operation and Multivariate Statistics for Electronic-Nose Applications Using Field Effect Transistors

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Guillem Domènech-Gil ◽  
Marius Rodner ◽  
Jens Eriksson ◽  
Donatella Puglisi
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Sensor Performance

Gas sensitive iridium-gated field effect transistors based on silicon carbide were used to study the response towards formaldehyde, ammonia, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide at concentrations ranging from parts per million to parts per billion diluted in dry synthetic air and under 50% of relative humidity. The sensor performance was studied using temperature cycled operation mode from 270 to 390 °C to investigate the capability of these devices to discriminate between the studied gases under different background conditions via pattern recognition algorithms.

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