Comparative study for naval repairs using longitudinal slipway or airbags

Ship repair has gained prominence as a service offered at the shipyards following a crisis in the shipbuilding industry, which has seen a fall in demand for new constructions, causing many companies in the sector to stall, especially shipyards. For a repair yard to be economically viable, in times of crisis, cost reduction is essential to make a sustainable business, so this comparative study aims to check the technical and economic feasibility of this change in the type of dry-docking. The present work deals with a comparative study between the use of the longitudinal slipway and the airbags for dry-docking and repair of river barges. The study sought to identify data from the vessels used for this project, to verify the average displacement of these vessels to analyze the airbags' carrying capacity, as well as the size of the winch to perform the dry-docking service. Since most repair yards use leased areas, the flexibility achieved with the use of airbags, as well as the reduced need for investments in the area, are benefits provided by using them. This work presented satisfactory results for the use of river barge docking airbags as a competitive alternative in repair services.

Do Intraplate and Plate Boundary Fault Systems Evolve in a Similar Way with Repeated Slip Events?

<p>As repeated slip events occur on a fault, energy is partly dissipated through rock fracturing and frictional processes in the fault zone and partly radiated to the surface as seismic energy. Numerous field studies have shown that the core of intraplate faults becomes wider on average with increasing total displacement (and hence slip events). In this study we compile data on the fault core thickness, total displacement and internal structure (e.g., fault core composition, host rock juxtaposition, slip direction, fault type, and/or the number of fault core strands) of plate boundary faults to compare to intraplate faults (within the interior of tectonic plates). Fault core thickness data show that plate boundary faults are anomalously narrow by comparison to intraplate faults of the same displacement and that they remain narrow regardless of how much total displacement they have experienced or the local structure of the fault. By examining the scaling relations between seismic moment, average displacement and surface rupture length for plate boundary and intraplate fault ruptures, we find that for a given value of displacement in an individual earthquake, plate boundary fault earthquakes typically have a greater seismic moment (and hence earthquake magnitude) than intraplate events. We infer that narrow plate boundary faults do not process intact rock as much during seismic events as intraplate faults. Thus, plate boundary faults dissipate less energy than intraplate faults during earthquakes meaning that for a given value of average displacement, more energy is radiated to the surface manifested as higher magnitude earthquakes. By contrast, intraplate faults dissipate more energy and get wider as fault slip increases, generating complex zones of damage in the surrounding rock and propagating through linkage with neighboring structures. The more complex the fault geometry, the more energy has to be consumed at depth during an earthquake and the less energy reaches the surface.</p>

Modeling Fabric Movement for Future E-Textile Sensors

Studies with e-textile sensors embedded in garments are typically performed on static and controlled phantom models that do not reflect the dynamic nature of wearables. Instead, our objective was to understand the noise e-textile sensors would experience during real-world scenarios. Three types of sleeves, made of loose, tight, and stretchy fabrics, were applied to a phantom arm, and the corresponding fabric movement was measured in three dimensions using physical markers and image-processing software. Our results showed that the stretchy fabrics allowed for the most consistent and predictable clothing-movement (average displacement of up to −2.3 ± 0.1 cm), followed by tight fabrics (up to −4.7 ± 0.2 cm), and loose fabrics (up to −3.6 ± 1.0 cm). In addition, the results demonstrated better performance of higher elasticity (average displacement of up to −2.3 ± 0.1 cm) over lower elasticity (average displacement of up to −3.8 ± 0.3 cm) stretchy fabrics. For a case study with an e-textile sensor that relies on wearable loops to monitor joint flexion, our modeling indicated errors as high as 65.7° for stretchy fabric with higher elasticity. The results from this study can (a) help quantify errors of e-textile sensors operating “in-the-wild,” (b) inform decisions regarding the optimal type of clothing-material used, and (c) ultimately empower studies on noise calibration for diverse e-textile sensing applications.

Visualization of Linear Shifts of Nodal Points during Implementation of Instantaneous States of Various Configurations of an Android Robot Arm

During planning the movement of an android robot arm in an organized space, there is a need in reducing calculation time of the trajectory in the space of generalized coordinates. The indicated time significantly depends on calculation time the vector of increments of the generalized coordinates at each step of calculations in the synthesis of movements along the velocity vector. In this paper, geometric studies were carried out based on the visualization of patterns of changes in the average displacement of the nodal points of the hand mechanism of an android robot while implementing instantaneous states. On the basis of the geometric analysis of the indicated displacements, a method is proposed which makes it possible to reduce the time of iterative search for the increment vector of generalized coordinates. Also images are shown of multiple positions of arm mechanism links on the frontal and horizontal projections when implementing instantaneous states. This images allows to make a graphic interpretation of manipulator mechanism maneuverability at each point of the configuration space. Hypersurfaces in four-dimensional space are used to establish the analytical dependencies reflecting the relationship of the average displacement of manipulator mechanism nodal points and the generalized coordinates that defining the positions of the manipulator configurations. For this purpose, the equations of interpolating polynomials located in three mutually perpendicular planes are used. Based on these three interpolating polynomials, a third-order hypersurface equation is obtained, which reflects the interrelation of geometric and kinematic parameters. The article also presents the results of virtual modeling of android robot hand mechanism movement, taking into account the position of the restricted area in the AutoCAD system. The results of calculations using the obtained analytical dependencies showed a reduction in the calculation time of test tasks. The conducted studies can be used in the development of intelligent motion control systems for autonomously functioning android robots in an organized environment without the participation of a human operator.

Performance Comparing and Analysis for Slot Allocation Model

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effect of weight setting of objectives on displacement and implementation difficulty in slot allocation model. A linear integer programming model including three kinds of evaluation objectives with different weight is designed to compare and analysis displacement and implementation difficulty in slot allocation model. The average difficulty is very sensitive to the average displacement. The difficulty of implementation can be significantly reduced by weight setting with a little increase of displacement. Movements list descent according to priority or not have great impact on displacement and implementation difficulty in slot allocation model. Capacity is a key factor affecting displacement and implementation difficulties. The difficulty index proposed in this work is very useful in identifying which slot allocation scheme is better for decision maker. Our research can promote regulator to upgrade slot allocation policies.

SHORT-TERM DYNAMICS OF THE ANAPA BAY-BAR SHORELINE

The Anapa bay-bar is located in the northwestern part of the Black Sea. With the goal in mind to determine the short-term dynamics of the Anapa bay-bar we analyzed satellite images from 2003 to the present. Depending on the hydro-lithodynamical situation the shoreline configuration during storm can vary from a rectilinear to sinusoidal forms. There are regions of local erosion or accumulation whose formation is related to the alongshore motion of sediments and dynamics of underwater bars. Comparison of the data on 1965 and 1966 showed that in this period the amplitude of the shoreline position was more than 20 m but average displacement of the shoreline for 13 months was only 0.8 m. This study showed that for the analysis of changes in the shoreline position is necessary to consider the configuration of the coastline at the time of each observation and the local dynamics.

SHORT-TERM DYNAMICS OF THE ANAPA BAY-BAR SHORELINE

The Anapa bay-bar is located in the northwestern part of the Black Sea. With the goal in mind to determine the short-term dynamics of the Anapa bay-bar we analyzed satellite images from 2003 to the present. Depending on the hydro-lithodynamical situation the shoreline configuration during storm can vary from a rectilinear to sinusoidal forms. There are regions of local erosion or accumulation whose formation is related to the alongshore motion of sediments and dynamics of underwater bars. Comparison of the data on 1965 and 1966 showed that in this period the amplitude of the shoreline position was more than 20 m but average displacement of the shoreline for 13 months was only 0.8 m. This study showed that for the analysis of changes in the shoreline position is necessary to consider the configuration of the coastline at the time of each observation and the local dynamics.

THE APPROPRIATENESS OF USING AVERAGE DISPLACEMENT VALUES FOR PAEDIATRIC INTRAVENOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATIONS

AimTo determine the impact of displacement values on doses in paediatric patients when using parenteral. To assess the option of using average displacement values (DV) in the preparation of parenteral medicines.MethodOver 500 Medusa1 monographs were analysed and 42 medicines were identified with a displacement value not indicated as negligible. The following were calculated: the percentage difference in dose if the DV was not taken into account for each drug and brand, the range of percent differences where there was more than one brand for each strength and the percentage difference in dose incurred if an average DV was used.ResultsThe 42 drugs were separated into 3 groups. The first group of 27 drugs had DVs causing less than 5% dose variation for all brands. The second group of 7 drugs had DVs resulting in more than 5% dose variation. The third group of 8 drugs had wider variations i.e. including drugs where the different brands had DVs both below and above 5% (2 to 27.9%) in dose variations for varying brands of a drug and strength.A total of 64 preparations had less than 5% dose variation. For these the DVs could potentially be disregarded as it is unlikely to have a significant clinical effect. However there are other sources of errors when administering parenteral medications (e.g. dose rounding on prescribing, inaccuracy when preparing and drawing up the dose) and this may further contribute to cumulative dosing inaccuracies. An alternative option would be to provide an average DV for each drug and vial strength. Due to the use of an average DV under or over dosing can occur depending on the preparation. However if this method was used the dose difference is only 0.31% on average (0.47–0.98%), significantly less if the DV was ignored.For the second group of preparations with dose differences greater than 5% (5–18%), the DV should not be ignored as it can be clinically significant. However where there is more than one manufacturer available for a particular strength of drug the range in difference of the dose variation was small (0.7–4.1%). When an average displacement value was attributed this resulted in a maximum dose difference of 2.5% (0–2.5%). For the third group there are varying differences in the range of dose variation. Where the range is small and an average was assigned the average range in dose variation was 0.30% (0–4.6%). However there are preparations that the range was too wide for an average to be safely used (2.8–9.5%).ConclusionFor the majority of drugs an average DV can be used safely. Using average DVs would simplify the preparation process for nurses and reduce the risk of them inadvertently using the wrong displacement value.

Study on Clinching for Similar and Dissimilar Titanium Alloy

Adopting experimental method to examine clinching is able to apply to the joining of similar and dissimilar titanium alloy in this study. Also, to use tensile-shear test to figure out mechanical properties of clinched joints to TA1-TA1 clinched joints and Al5052-TA1 clinched joints. The results show that average load of TA1-Al5052 clinched joints is largely lower than the average load of TA1-TA1 clinched joints. Average load of TA1-TA1 is around 4427.58, equal to 3.85 times to Al5052-TA1.The two types of fractured joints are all neck shear fracture of the upper sheets. Therefore, the strength of joints is dependant to the material of the upper sheet. The formability of TA1-TA1 clinched joints are superior to Al5052-TA1, and average displacement of TA1-TA1 clinched joints is about 1.23 times to Al5052-TA1 clinched joints.