scholarly journals Trusted Cameras on Mobile Devices Based on SRAM Physically Unclonable Functions

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3352
Author(s):  
Rosario Arjona ◽  
Miguel Prada-Delgado ◽  
Javier Arcenegui ◽  
Iluminada Baturone
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Physically Unclonable Functions ◽  
Camera Identification ◽  
Communication Module ◽  
Secret Keys ◽  
Static Random Access Memories ◽  
Identification Techniques

Nowadays, there is an increasing number of cameras placed on mobile devices connected to the Internet. Since these cameras acquire and process sensitive and vulnerable data in applications such as surveillance or monitoring, security is essential to avoid cyberattacks. However, cameras on mobile devices have constraints in size, computation and power consumption, so that lightweight security techniques should be considered. Camera identification techniques guarantee the origin of the data. Among the camera identification techniques, Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) allow generating unique, distinctive and unpredictable identifiers from the hardware of a device. PUFs are also very suitable to obfuscate secret keys (by binding them to the hardware of the device) and generate random sequences (employed as nonces). In this work, we propose a trusted camera based on PUFs and standard cryptographic algorithms. In addition, a protocol is proposed to protect the communication with the trusted camera, which satisfies authentication, confidentiality, integrity and freshness in the data communication. This is particularly interesting to carry out camera control actions and firmware updates. PUFs from Static Random Access Memories (SRAMs) are selected because cameras typically include SRAMs in its hardware. Therefore, additional hardware is not required and security techniques can be implemented at low cost. Experimental results are shown to prove how the proposed solution can be implemented with the SRAM of commercial Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) chips included in the communication module of the camera. A proof of concept shows that the proposed solution can be implemented in low-cost cameras.

scholarly journals A PUF- and Biometric-Based Lightweight Hardware Solution to Increase Security at Sensor Nodes

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Arjona ◽  
Miguel Prada-Delgado ◽  
Javier Arcenegui ◽  
Iluminada Baturone
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Node ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Fingerprint Recognition ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Physically Unclonable Functions ◽  
Secret Keys

Security is essential in sensor nodes which acquire and transmit sensitive data. However, the constraints of processing, memory and power consumption are very high in these nodes. Cryptographic algorithms based on symmetric key are very suitable for them. The drawback is that secure storage of secret keys is required. In this work, a low-cost solution is presented to obfuscate secret keys with Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs), which exploit the hardware identity of the node. In addition, a lightweight fingerprint recognition solution is proposed, which can be implemented in low-cost sensor nodes. Since biometric data of individuals are sensitive, they are also obfuscated with PUFs. Both solutions allow authenticating the origin of the sensed data with a proposed dual-factor authentication protocol. One factor is the unique physical identity of the trusted sensor node that measures them. The other factor is the physical presence of the legitimate individual in charge of authorizing their transmission. Experimental results are included to prove how the proposed PUF-based solution can be implemented with the SRAMs of commercial Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) chips which belong to the communication module of the sensor node. Implementation results show how the proposed fingerprint recognition based on the novel texture-based feature named QFingerMap16 (QFM) can be implemented fully inside a low-cost sensor node. Robustness, security and privacy issues at the proposed sensor nodes are discussed and analyzed with experimental results from PUFs and fingerprints taken from public and standard databases.

scholarly journals Adaptive Decision of Wireless Access Network for Higher User Satisfaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Hyunsoon Kim ◽  
Mungyu Bae ◽  
Woonghee Lee ◽  
Hwangnam Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Data ◽  
Effective Network

Today’s mobile devices mostly contain more than one wireless interface for Internet connection. Smartphones mostly have both LTE and Wi-Fi for data communication through Internet. Although the availability of Wi-Fi is incomparable to that of cellular network, its strength lies in the low cost and high data rate due to continuous PHY and MAC advancement of 802.11 protocol extensions. In this paper, we propose a device-centric system that performs cost-effective network connectivity to the mobile device by selectively activating Wi-Fi communication according to the device mobility and corresponding history of Wi-Fi usage. By analyzing the device mobility using attached sensors, the system selects appropriate Wi-Fi that has been often used in that mobility state. The system was implemented in actual mobile devices that were used to several experiments we designed to prove high performance of the system.

Design of automatic recharging system of robot based on RFID radio frequency technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robot ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
Wireless Data ◽  
Robot System ◽  
Communication Module ◽  
Upper Computer ◽  
Better Than

Background: In order to study the interference of wired transmission mode on robot motion, a mobile robot attitude calculation and debugging system based on radio frequency (RF) technology is proposed. Methods: Microcontroller STM32 has been used as the control core for the attitude information of the robot by using MEMS gyroscope and accelerometer. The optimal attitude Angle of the robot is calculated through nRF24L01 which is the core of the wireless communication module, attitude acquisition module and wireless data communication upper computer application platform. Results: The results shows that the positioning accuracy is better than±5mm. Conclusion: The experimental results show that the proposed attitude solving and debugging system of mobile robot based on RF technology has better reliability and real-time performance. The propped model is convenient for debugging of mobile robot system and has certain engineering application value.

scholarly journals A 40 Mb/s VLC System Reusing an Existing Large LED Panel in an Indoor Office Environment

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1697
Author(s):  
Xicong Li ◽  
Zabih Ghassemlooy ◽  
Stanislav Zvánovec ◽  
Paul Anthony Haigh
Keyword(s):  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Cost Driver ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Light Sources

With advances in solid-state lighting, visible light communication (VLC) has emerged as a promising technology to enhance existing light-emitting diode (LED)-based lighting infrastructure by adding data communication capabilities to the illumination functionality. The last decade has witnessed the evolution of the VLC concept through global standardisation and product launches. Deploying VLC systems typically requires replacing existing light sources with new luminaires that are equipped with data communication functionality. To save the investment, it is clearly desirable to make the most of the existing illumination systems. This paper investigates the feasibility of adding data communication functionality to the existing lighting infrastructure. We do this by designing an experimental system in an indoor environment based on an off-the-shelf LED panel typically used in office environments, with the dimensions of 60 × 60 cm2. With minor modifications, the VLC function is implemented, and all of the modules of the LED panel are fully reused. A data rate of 40 Mb/s is supported at a distance of up to 2 m while using the multi-band carrierless amplitude and phase (CAP) modulation. Two main limiting factors for achieving higher data rates are observed. The first factor is the limited bandwidth of the LED string inside the panel. The second is the flicker due to the residual ripple of the bias current that is generated by the panel’s driver. Flicker is introduced by the low-cost driver, which provides bias currents that fluctuate in the low frequency range (less than several kilohertz). This significantly reduces the transmitter’s modulation depth. Concurrently, the driver can also introduce an effect that is similar to baseline wander at the receiver if the flicker is not completely filtered out. We also proposed a solution based on digital signal processing (DSP) to mitigate the flicker issue at the receiver side and its effectiveness has been confirmed.

scholarly journals Sensor Networks for Structures Health Monitoring: Placement, Implementations, and Challenges—A Review

Vibration ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-584
Author(s):  
Samir Mustapha ◽  
Ye Lu ◽  
Ching-Tai Ng ◽  
Pawel Malinowski
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Successful Case

The development of structural health monitoring (SHM) systems and their integration in actual structures has become a necessity as it can provide a robust and low-cost solution for monitoring the structural integrity of and the ability to predict the remaining life of structures. In this review, we aim at focusing on one of the important issues of SHM, the design, and implementation of sensor networks. Location and number of sensors, in any SHM system, are of high importance as they impact the system integration, system performance, and accuracy of assessment, as well as the total cost. Hence we are interested in shedding the light on the sensor networks as an essential component of SHM systems. The review discusses several important parameters including design and optimization of sensor networks, development of academic and commercial solutions, powering of sensors, data communication, data transmission, and analytics. Finally, we presented some successful case studies including the challenges and limitations associated with the sensor networks.

System design for 3D wound imaging using low-cost mobile devices

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sirazitdinova ◽  
Thomas M. Deserno
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Low Cost

Simulation and Design of a Silicon Nanowire based Phase Change Memory Cell

2012 ◽  
Vol 1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Banan Sadeghian ◽  
Yusuf Leblebici ◽  
Ali Shakouri
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Silicon Nanowire ◽  
Phase Change Memory ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Memory Cell ◽  
Oxide Thickness ◽  
Nanowire Diameter ◽  
Change Memory

ABSTRACTIn this work we present preliminary calculations and simulations to demonstrate feasibility of programming a nanoscale Phase Change Random Access Memory (PCRAM) cell by means of a silicon nanowire ballistic transistor (SNWBT). Memory cells based on ballistic transistors bear the advantage of having a small size and high-speed operation with low power requirements. A one-dimensional MOSFET model (FETToy) was used to estimate the output current of the nanowire as a function of its diameter. The gate oxide thickness was 1.5 nm, and the Fermi level at source was set to -0.32 eV. For the case of VDS = VGS = 1 V, when the nanowire diameter was increased from 1 to 60 nm, the output power density dropped from 109 to 106 W cm-2 , while the current increased from 20 to 90 μA. Finite element electro-thermal analysis were carried out on a segmented cylindrical phase-change memory cell made of Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) chalcogenide, connected in series to the SNWBT. The diameter of the combined device, d, and the aspect ratio of the GST region were selected so as to achieve optimum heating of the GST. With the assumption that the bulk thermal conductivity of GST does not change significantly at the nanoscale, it was shown that for d = 24 nm, a ‘reset’ programming current of ID = 80 μA can heat the GST up to its melting point. The results presented herein can help in the design of low cost, high speed, and radiation tolerant nanoscale PCRAM devices.

DEVELOPMENT OF A SPACE TECHNOLOGY CAPACITY BUILDING INITIATIVE AT THE FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, AKURE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-52
Author(s):  
Folasade Dahunsi ◽  
Oluwasina Aderinwale ◽  
Abayomi Adesida ◽  
Abiola Alayande ◽  
J. Ojo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Building ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Space Technology ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Ground Station ◽  
Means Of Transmission

Satellite communication is a wireless means of transmission of intelligible signals/information. When properly utilized it will bring about a great and positive development on the economic growth of any nation. The Federal Government of Nigeria made a giant step in the communication sector by launching five satellites into space: NigeriaSat-1, NigComSat- 1, NigeriaSat-2r, NigeriaSat-X and NigComSat-1R. With adequate spatial information, informed decisions can be made by stakeholders and adequate steps taken to ensure the growth of the nation. Demand for training capacity building in space technology is increasing. Unfortunately, space technology is a relatively expensive field with ongoing research for affordable training approaches. This paper presents methods of building capacity by developing Demo Satellites that receive telemetry data with radiofrequency and internet of things communication protocol. Web Dashboard was developed for remote monitoring of ground station and for exploring mobility in data communication, Localization was achieved to also track the Demo Satellites and the ground station in real-time. It is shown that the implementation of a low-cost capacity building programme is not only possible but a goal that should be aimed at. Multiple segments in the design of the schematics produced can be reused. It presents a pioneer satellite constellation prototype that displays the capabilities of a satellite in solving some of the country’s challenges and creating awareness on space research and its trends.

scholarly journals III–V-on-Si Photonic Crystal Nanocavity Laser Technology for Optical Static Random Access Memories

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 295-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theonitsa Alexoudi ◽  
Dimitrios Fitsios ◽  
Alexandre Bazin ◽  
Paul Monnier ◽  
Rama Raj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Laser Technology ◽  
Static Random Access Memories
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