scholarly journals A PUF- and Biometric-Based Lightweight Hardware Solution to Increase Security at Sensor Nodes

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Arjona ◽  
Miguel Prada-Delgado ◽  
Javier Arcenegui ◽  
Iluminada Baturone
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Node ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Fingerprint Recognition ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Physically Unclonable Functions ◽  
Secret Keys

Security is essential in sensor nodes which acquire and transmit sensitive data. However, the constraints of processing, memory and power consumption are very high in these nodes. Cryptographic algorithms based on symmetric key are very suitable for them. The drawback is that secure storage of secret keys is required. In this work, a low-cost solution is presented to obfuscate secret keys with Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs), which exploit the hardware identity of the node. In addition, a lightweight fingerprint recognition solution is proposed, which can be implemented in low-cost sensor nodes. Since biometric data of individuals are sensitive, they are also obfuscated with PUFs. Both solutions allow authenticating the origin of the sensed data with a proposed dual-factor authentication protocol. One factor is the unique physical identity of the trusted sensor node that measures them. The other factor is the physical presence of the legitimate individual in charge of authorizing their transmission. Experimental results are included to prove how the proposed PUF-based solution can be implemented with the SRAMs of commercial Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) chips which belong to the communication module of the sensor node. Implementation results show how the proposed fingerprint recognition based on the novel texture-based feature named QFingerMap16 (QFM) can be implemented fully inside a low-cost sensor node. Robustness, security and privacy issues at the proposed sensor nodes are discussed and analyzed with experimental results from PUFs and fingerprints taken from public and standard databases.

scholarly journals FPGA Based Single Chip Solution with 1-Wire Protocol for the Design of Smart Sensor Nodes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. R. Perera ◽  
R. G. N. Meegama ◽  
M. K. Jayananda
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Node ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Smart Sensor ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Field Programmable

Applications that involve monitoring of water quality parameters require measuring devices to be placed at different geographical locations but are controlled centrally at a remote site. The measuring devices in such applications need to be small, consume low power, and must be capable of local processing tasks facilitating the mobility to span the measuring area in a vast geographic area. This paper presents the design of a generalized, low-cost, reconfigurable, reprogrammable smart sensor node using a ZigBee with a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) that embeds all processing and communication functionalities based on the IEEE 1451 family of standards. Design of the sensor nodes includes processing and transducer control functionalities in a single core increasing the speedup of processing power due to interprocess communication taking place within the chip itself. Results obtained by measuring the pH value and temperature of water samples verify the performance of the proposed sensor node.

Security Estimation in Wireless Sensor Network Simulator

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (07) ◽  
pp. 1650067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Díaz ◽  
Javier González-Bayon ◽  
Pablo Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Execution Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Embedded Software ◽  
Security Protocol ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Security Levels

Sensor nodes are low-power and low-cost devices with the requirement of a long autonomous lifetime. Therefore, the nodes have to use the available power carefully and avoid expensive computations or radio transmissions. In addition, as some wireless sensor networks (WSNs) process sensitive data, selecting a security protocol is vital. Cryptographic methods used in WSNs should fulfill the constraints of sensor nodes and should be evaluated for their security and power consumption. WSN engineers use several metrics to obtain estimations prior to network deployment. These metrics are usually related to power and execution time estimation. However, security is a feature that cannot be estimated and it is either “active” or “inactive”, with no possibility of introducing intermediate security levels. This lack of flexibility is a disadvantage in real deployments where different operation modes with different security and power specifications are often needed. This paper proposes including a new security estimation metric in a previously proposed framework for WSN simulation and embedded software (SW) performance analysis. This metric is called Security Estimation Metric (SEM) and it provides information about the security encryption used in WSN transmissions. Results show that the metric improves flexibility, granularity and execution time compared to other cryptographic tests.

Hardware Primitives-Based Security Protocols for the Internet of Things

2019 ◽  
pp. 117-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naveed Aman ◽  
Kee Chaing Chua ◽  
Biplab Sikdar
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Security Protocols ◽  
Hardware Security ◽  
Side Channel ◽  
Data Provenance ◽  
Side Channel Attacks ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Physically Unclonable Functions ◽  
Iot Devices

IoT is the enabling technology for a variety of new exciting services in a wide range of application areas including environmental monitoring, healthcare systems, energy management, transportation, and home and commercial automation. However, the low-cost and straightforward nature of IoT devices producing vast amounts of sensitive data raises many security concerns. Among the cyber threats, hardware-level threats are especially crucial for IoT systems. In particular, IoT devices are not physically protected and can easily be captured by an adversary to launch physical and side-channel attacks. This chapter introduces security protocols for IoT devices based on hardware security primitives called physically unclonable functions (PUFs). The protocols are discussed for the following major security principles: authentication and confidentiality, data provenance, and anonymity. The security analysis shows that security protocols based on hardware security primitives are not only secure against network-level threats but are also resilient against physical and side-channel attacks.

Design and Production of Wireless Micro Sensor Node Based on Printed Electronics Technology

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Guo ◽  
H. Zhou ◽  
J. Wei ◽  
Z. Wei
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Micro Sensor ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Internet Of Things Technology ◽  
Important Design

With the wide applications of Internet of Things technology, the design and fabrication of small size sensor nodes with high sensitivity at low cost will be the main direction of development. In this paper, the important design requirements and design drivers for the manufacturing of wireless micro sensor node based on printed electronics technology are analysed and reviewed. The micro-sensor nodes fabricated can be powered with solar cell. The production cost could be effectively reduced and the life of the system is extended. The sensor nodes could be widely used for real-time monitoring in wide areas.

scholarly journals Use of Wi-Fi sensor network in measuring occupancy and people circulation in buildings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kam Ng
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Duration Of Stay ◽  
The People ◽  
Open Mesh ◽  
Measurement Area

This research project investigated the potential in using a Wi‐Fi sensor network composed of Open Mesh sensor nodes to measure both localized and non‐localized occupants in the Architecture Building at Ryerson University with two different sensor node configurations. It also experimented with the use of Raspberry Pi, a low‐cost infrared motion sensor, as a people counter. The results show that the proposed sensor network is not capable of measuring non‐localized (transient) occupants due to their short duration of stay in the measurement area. The number of non‐localized occupants and their duration of stay can be more accurately measured by the people counter. As for localized (in one location for longer periods) occupants, the results find that while the proposed system cannot provide an accurate occupant count, it can produce a fairly accurate overall occupancy pattern under both perimeter node and single node configurations

Securing Multiple Biometric Data Using SVD and Curvelet-Based Watermarking

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit M. Thanki ◽  
Komal Rajendrakumar Borisagar
Keyword(s):  
Speech Signal ◽  
Curvelet Transform ◽  
Image Authentication ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Singular Value ◽  
Fingerprint Recognition ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Fingerprint Image ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Value Decomposition

The security and privacy of biometric data in multibiometric systems has become a hot research topic. In this paper, a singular value decomposition (SVD) and fast discrete curvelet transform (FDCuT)-based watermarking scheme for authenticity of fingerprint image using watermark speech signal has been proposed and analyzed. This scheme also provides security to watermark speech signal, which is inserted into the fingerprint image. This proposed scheme has a number of steps including fingerprint image authentication using watermark speech signal. The human speech signal is taken as secret watermark information and inserting into the human fingerprint image in the proposed scheme. The singular value of high frequency curvelet coefficients of the host fingerprint image is modified according to watermark speech signal to get secured and watermarked fingerprint image. The analysis results show that the performance of fingerprint recognition system is not affected by inserted watermark speech signal into host fingerprint image.

scholarly journals Use of Wi-Fi sensor network in measuring occupancy and people circulation in buildings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kam Ng
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Duration Of Stay ◽  
The People ◽  
Open Mesh ◽  
Measurement Area

This research project investigated the potential in using a Wi‐Fi sensor network composed of Open Mesh sensor nodes to measure both localized and non‐localized occupants in the Architecture Building at Ryerson University with two different sensor node configurations. It also experimented with the use of Raspberry Pi, a low‐cost infrared motion sensor, as a people counter. The results show that the proposed sensor network is not capable of measuring non‐localized (transient) occupants due to their short duration of stay in the measurement area. The number of non‐localized occupants and their duration of stay can be more accurately measured by the people counter. As for localized (in one location for longer periods) occupants, the results find that while the proposed system cannot provide an accurate occupant count, it can produce a fairly accurate overall occupancy pattern under both perimeter node and single node configurations

scholarly journals Trusted Cameras on Mobile Devices Based on SRAM Physically Unclonable Functions

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3352
Author(s):  
Rosario Arjona ◽  
Miguel Prada-Delgado ◽  
Javier Arcenegui ◽  
Iluminada Baturone
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Physically Unclonable Functions ◽  
Camera Identification ◽  
Communication Module ◽  
Secret Keys ◽  
Static Random Access Memories ◽  
Identification Techniques

Nowadays, there is an increasing number of cameras placed on mobile devices connected to the Internet. Since these cameras acquire and process sensitive and vulnerable data in applications such as surveillance or monitoring, security is essential to avoid cyberattacks. However, cameras on mobile devices have constraints in size, computation and power consumption, so that lightweight security techniques should be considered. Camera identification techniques guarantee the origin of the data. Among the camera identification techniques, Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) allow generating unique, distinctive and unpredictable identifiers from the hardware of a device. PUFs are also very suitable to obfuscate secret keys (by binding them to the hardware of the device) and generate random sequences (employed as nonces). In this work, we propose a trusted camera based on PUFs and standard cryptographic algorithms. In addition, a protocol is proposed to protect the communication with the trusted camera, which satisfies authentication, confidentiality, integrity and freshness in the data communication. This is particularly interesting to carry out camera control actions and firmware updates. PUFs from Static Random Access Memories (SRAMs) are selected because cameras typically include SRAMs in its hardware. Therefore, additional hardware is not required and security techniques can be implemented at low cost. Experimental results are shown to prove how the proposed solution can be implemented with the SRAM of commercial Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) chips included in the communication module of the camera. A proof of concept shows that the proposed solution can be implemented in low-cost cameras.

Recent Advances in Impedance-Based Wireless Sensor Nodes

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Farinholt ◽  
Stuart G. Taylor ◽  
Timothy G. Overly ◽  
Gyuhae Park ◽  
Charles R. Farrar
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducers ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Active Sensor ◽  
Impedance Sensor

This paper presents recent developments in an extremely compact, wireless impedance sensor node for use in structural health monitoring (SHM). The sensor node uses a low-cost integrated circuit that can measure and record the electric impedance of a piezoelectric active-sensor. The sensor node also integrates several components, including a microcontroller for local computing, telemetry for wireless data transmission, multiplexers for managing up to seven piezoelectric transducers per node, energy storage mediums, and several triggering options including a wireless triggering circuit into one package to truly realize a comprehensive, self-contained wireless active-sensor node for SHM applications. It is estimated that this sensor node requires less than 75 mW of total power to operate measurement, computation and data transmission. In addition, the sensor node can also be used for the active-sensor self-diagnostic process that can monitor the operational condition of piezoelectric transducers used in SHM applications. The performance of this miniaturized and portable device is compared to our previous results and its broader capabilities are demonstrated.

scholarly journals Low Cost Sensor Node Device for Monitoring Landslides

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukman Awaludin ◽  
Oktaf Agni Dhewa
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Mass Movements ◽  
Large Space ◽  
Monitoring Process ◽  
Early Warning Mechanism

Landslides are one of the natural disasters that often occur in Indonesia. Therefore, this disaster cannot be eliminated, but it can minimize the disadvantage caused by an early warning mechanism. Early warning systems rely on a sensor node used to read soil conditions with specific parameters. Those parameters that are read lead to the detection of mass movements. With the tightness of the monitoring process, of course, a reliable sensor node is needed. However, there are challenges in how to minimize losses that occur due to damage to sensor nodes when landslides occur. Sensor nodes are made using IMU sensors to monitor mass movements and its use two processors, namely microcontroller and mini SBC, which are inexpensive to manufacture and do not require large space in the installation.

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