scholarly journals Low Cost Sensor Node Device for Monitoring Landslides

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukman Awaludin ◽  
Oktaf Agni Dhewa
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Mass Movements ◽  
Large Space ◽  
Monitoring Process ◽  
Early Warning Mechanism

Landslides are one of the natural disasters that often occur in Indonesia. Therefore, this disaster cannot be eliminated, but it can minimize the disadvantage caused by an early warning mechanism. Early warning systems rely on a sensor node used to read soil conditions with specific parameters. Those parameters that are read lead to the detection of mass movements. With the tightness of the monitoring process, of course, a reliable sensor node is needed. However, there are challenges in how to minimize losses that occur due to damage to sensor nodes when landslides occur. Sensor nodes are made using IMU sensors to monitor mass movements and its use two processors, namely microcontroller and mini SBC, which are inexpensive to manufacture and do not require large space in the installation.

A new IoT geosensor network for cost-effective landslide early warning systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Gamperl ◽  
John Singer ◽  
Kurosch Thuro
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Mems Sensors ◽  
Landslide Early Warning ◽  
Geosensor Network

<p>Worldwide, cities in mountainous areas struggle with increasing landslide risk as consequence of global warming and population growth, especially in low-income informal settlements. For these situations, current monitoring systems are often too expensive and too difficult to maintain. Therefore, innovative monitoring systems are needed in order to facilitate low-cost landslide early warning systems (LEWS) which can be applied easily.</p><p>Based on technologies such as micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) sensors and the LoRa (Long Range) communication standard, we are currently developing a cost-effective IoT (Internet of Things) geosensor network. It is specifically designed for local scale LEWS in informal settlements.</p><p>The system, which is open source and can be replicated without restrictions, consists of versatile LoRa sensor nodes which have a set of MEMS sensors (e.g. tilt sensor) on board and to which various additional sensors can be connected. The nodes are autonomous and can operate on standard batteries or solar panels. The sensor nodes can be installed on critical infrastructure such as house walls or foundations. Two of the possible additions are the Subsurface Sensor Node and the Low-Cost Inclinometer. Both are installed underground and offer tilt- and groundwater-measurements of the subsurface.</p><p>Complemented with further innovative measurement systems such as the Continuous Shear Monitor (CSM) and a flexible data management and analysis system, the newly developed monitoring system offers a great cost to benefit ratio and easy application for similar sites and LEWS, especially in urbanized areas in developing countries.</p><p>This work is being developed as part of the project Inform@Risk, where the monitoring system will be installed as part of an early warning system in Medellín, Colombia. It is funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF).</p>

Community Based Flash Flood Early Warning System: a Low-cost Technology for Nepalese Mountains

2018 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Basanta Raj Adhikari ◽  
Nagendra Raj Sitoula
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Ultrasonic Sensor ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Processing Unit

Every year, flood impose substantial economic, social and environmental cost on Nepalese community through direct damage to residential, commercial, educational and structures. Moreover, the flood destroys animal farm, commercial stock and records and other content of the building and pollutes the water. Early Warning Systems are important to save such lives and properties which involves computer, satellite data and high accurate operating system but this system is very costly in terms of installation as well as operation and maintenance leading to hindrance in the sustainability of the system. However, high-tech technology is very expensive and not feasible in Nepal and therefore low-cost and easy operating system is needed in the rural parts of Nepal. The system includes Solar panel, Siren, Ultrasonic sensor, processing unit, and battery. The ultrasonic sensor sense water level and the siren will automatically start. The threshold can be set up according to the space and time. Bulletin of Department of Geology, vol. 20-21, 2018, pp: 87-92

scholarly journals FPGA Based Single Chip Solution with 1-Wire Protocol for the Design of Smart Sensor Nodes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. R. Perera ◽  
R. G. N. Meegama ◽  
M. K. Jayananda
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Node ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Smart Sensor ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Field Programmable

Applications that involve monitoring of water quality parameters require measuring devices to be placed at different geographical locations but are controlled centrally at a remote site. The measuring devices in such applications need to be small, consume low power, and must be capable of local processing tasks facilitating the mobility to span the measuring area in a vast geographic area. This paper presents the design of a generalized, low-cost, reconfigurable, reprogrammable smart sensor node using a ZigBee with a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) that embeds all processing and communication functionalities based on the IEEE 1451 family of standards. Design of the sensor nodes includes processing and transducer control functionalities in a single core increasing the speedup of processing power due to interprocess communication taking place within the chip itself. Results obtained by measuring the pH value and temperature of water samples verify the performance of the proposed sensor node.

scholarly journals Monitoring and prediction in Early Warning Systems (EWS) for rapid mass movements

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 7149-7179 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stähli ◽  
M. Sättele ◽  
C. Huggel ◽  
B. W. McArdell ◽  
P. Lehmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Mass Movements ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Substantial Risk ◽  
State Of Practice ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Rapid Mass ◽  
Efficient Measures

Abstract. Rapid mass movements (RMM) pose a substantial risk to people and infrastructure. Reliable and cost-efficient measures have to be taken to reduce this risk. One of these measures includes establishing and advancing the State of Practice in the application of Early Warning Systems (EWS). EWS have been developed during the past decades and are rapidly increasing. In this document, we focus on the technical part of EWS, i.e. the prediction and timely recognition of imminent hazards, as well as on monitoring slopes at risk and released mass movements. Recent innovations in assessing spatial precipitation, as well as monitoring and modelling precursors, the triggering and deformation of RMM offer new opportunities for next-generation EWS. However, technical advancement can only be transferred into more reliable, operational EWS with an intense dialog between scientists, engineers and those in charge of warning. To this end, further experience with new comprehensive prototype systems jointly operated by scientists and practitioners will be essential.

scholarly journals Forecasting and communication key elements for low-cost fluvial flooding early warning system in urban areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 4143
Author(s):  
Melisa Acosta-Coll ◽  
Andres Solano-Escorcia ◽  
Lilia Ortega-Gonzalez ◽  
Ronald Zamora-Musa
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Communication Protocols ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Difference

Fluvial flooding occurs when a river overspills its banks due to excessive rainfall, and it is the most common flood event. In urban areas, the increment of urbanization makes communities more susceptible to fluvial flooding since the excess of impervious surfaces reduced the natural permeable areas. As flood prevention strategies, early warning systems (EWS) are used to reduce damage and protect people, but key elements need to be selected. This manuscript proposes the monitoring instruments, communication protocols, and media to forecast and disseminate EWS alerts efficiently during fluvial floods in urban areas. First, we conducted a systematic review of different EWS architectures for fluvial floods in urban areas and identified that not all projects monitor the most important variables related to the formation of fluvial floods and most use communication protocols with high-energy consumption. ZigBee and LoRaWAN are the communication protocols with lower power consumption from the review, and to determine which technology has better performance in urban areas, two wireless sensor networks were deployed and simulated in two urban areas susceptible to fluvial floods using Radio Mobile software. The results showed that although Zigbee technology has better-received signal strength, the difference with LoRAWAN is lower than 2 dBm, but LoRaWAN has a better signal-to-noise ratio, power consumption, coverage, and deployment cost.

scholarly journals Co-detection of micro seismic activity as early warning of gravitational slope failure

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérome Faillettaz ◽  
Martin Funk ◽  
Jan Beutel ◽  
Andreas Vieli
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Slope Failure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acoustic Emissions ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Distributed Sensors ◽  
Simple Strategy ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Co Detection

Abstract. We developed a new strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction for gravitational slope failure: We propose a simple method for real-time early warning of gravity-driven failures that considers and exploits both the heterogeneity of natural media and characteristics of acoustic emissions attenuation. This method capitalizes on co-detection of elastic waves emanating from micro-cracks by a network of multiple and spatially distributed sensors. Event co-detection is considered as surrogate for large event size with more frequent co-detected events marking imminence of catastrophic failure. In this study we apply this method to a steep rock glacier/debris slope and demonstrate the potential of this simple strategy for real world cases, i.e. at slope scale. This low cost, robust and autonomous system provides a well adapted alternative/complementary solution for Early Warning Systems.

MEMS Accelerometer Mini-Array (MAMA): A Low-Cost Implementation for Earthquake Early Warning Enhancement

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran N. Nof ◽  
Angela I. Chung ◽  
Horst Rademacher ◽  
Lori Dengler ◽  
Richard M. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Earthquake Early Warning ◽  
Mems Accelerometer ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Back Azimuth ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Prohibitive Cost

Earthquake Early Warning Systems (EEWS) are often challenged when the earthquakes occur outside the seismic network or where the station density is sparse. In these situations, poor locations and large alert delays are more common because of the limited azimuthal coverage and the time required for the wavefield to reach the minimum number of seismic stations to issue an alert. Seismic arrays can be used to derive the directivity of the wavefield and obtain better location. However, they are uncommon because of the prohibitive cost of the sensors. Here, we propose the development of an array-based approach using mini-arrays of low-cost Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) accelerometers and show how they can be used to improve EEWS. In this paper, we demonstrate this approach using data from two MEMS Accelerometer Mini-Arrays (MAMA) deployed at University of California Berkeley and Humboldt State University. We use a new low-cost ( <U.S. $150) Data Acquisition Unit and solve for the back azimuth of seven events with magnitudes ranging from Mw 2.7 to 5.1 at distances of 5 km to 106 km.

scholarly journals Monitoring and prediction in early warning systems for rapid mass movements

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stähli ◽  
M. Sättele ◽  
C. Huggel ◽  
B. W. McArdell ◽  
P. Lehmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Mass Movements ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Substantial Risk ◽  
State Of Practice ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Rapid Mass ◽  
Efficient Measures

Abstract. Rapid mass movements (RMM) pose a substantial risk to people and infrastructure. Reliable and cost-efficient measures have to be taken to reduce this risk. One of these measures includes establishing and advancing the state of practice in the application of early warning systems (EWSs). EWSs have been developed during the past decades and are rapidly increasing. In this paper, we focus on the technical part of EWSs, i.e., the prediction and timely recognition of imminent hazards, as well as on monitoring slopes at risk and released mass movements. Recent innovations in assessing spatial precipitation, monitoring and precursors of the triggering and deformation of RMM offer new opportunities for next-generation EWSs. However, technical advancement can only be transferred into more reliable, operational EWSs with an adequate well-instructed dedicated staff. To this end, an intense dialog between scientists, engineers and those in charge of warning, as well as further experience with new comprehensive prototype systems jointly operated by scientists and practitioners, will be essential.

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