scholarly journals Ibn ʿArabī’s Metaphysics in the Context of Andalusian Mysticism: Some Akbarian Concepts in the Light of Ibn Masarra and Ibn Barrajān

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Gracia López-Anguita
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Point Of Reference

The aim of this article is to trace the origins of some of the key concepts of Ibn Arabi’s metaphysics and cosmology in earlier Andalusian Sufi masters. Within the context of the seminal works on Ibn Arabi’s cosmology and metaphysics produced from the second half of the 20th century onwards and through a comparison of texts by the Sufi masters Ibn Masarra and Ibn Barrajān, we will see which elements are taken from previous sources and how they are transformed or re-interpreted by Ibn ʿArabī in a philosophical-mystical system that would become the point of reference for the later Eastern and Western Sufi tradition.

scholarly journals Fenomenologia

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
Mariusz Moryń
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Transcendental Phenomenology ◽  
Basic Form ◽  
Max Scheler ◽  
Pure Consciousness ◽  
Philosophical System ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Systematic Reflection ◽  
Objective Study

Phenomenology was founded by Edmund Husserl and developed by the followers like Max Scheler. It is the most important philosophical system of the 20th Century. Phenomenology, in Husserl’s conception, is primarily concerned with the systematic reflection and analysis of the structures of consciousness and the phenomena that appear in acts of consciousness. In its basic form phenomenology is the method of describing of the reality devoid of any assumptions and in consequence the key concepts in Husserl’s theory are notion of the pure consciousness and theory of transcendental phenomenology. Phenomenology thus attempts to create conditions for the objective study of topics usually regarded as subjective that is: consciousness and the content of conscious experiences such as judgements, perceptions and emotions.

scholarly journals Ernst Bloch as a Non-Simultaneous Jewish Marxist

Religions ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Przemyslaw Tacik
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Emmanuel Levinas ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Christian Tradition ◽  
Ernst Bloch ◽  
Franz Rosenzweig ◽  
Jewish Heritage ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Hermann Cohen

The paper attempts to reassess the fundamentally paradoxical position of Ernst Bloch in 20th century philosophy in the light of the Marranic condition. Indebted, among others, to Jewish heritage and Christian tradition, Bloch considered himself primarily a Marxist. Bloch’s uniqueness consists in the stunning equiponderance of the currents he drew from. Contrary to a classic model of modern Jewish philosophy, inaugurated by Hermann Cohen, Bloch’s thinking does not allow of easy juxtaposition of “sources” with languages into which they were translated. In this sense, Bloch cannot be easily compared to Franz Rosenzweig, Emmanuel Levinas or even Walter Benjamin (although he bore some striking similarities with the latter). His position at least partly stems from a specific form of directness with which he often used these languages, composing his philosophy in quite an anachronist manner. For this reason his thinking—in itself “die Gleichzeitigkeit des Ungleichzeitigen”, as one of his key concepts theorises—is a very modern, internally incoherent space of cross-fertilising inspirations. The paper demonstrates two levels on which Bloch’s indebtedness to Judaism might be analysed and then re-assesses his Marxist affiliations as a kind of modern faith which, in a specifically Marranic manner, seals the simultaneity of the non-simultaneous.

Fictitious Meals, Culinary Constraints: The Recipe Form in Four Oulipian Texts

Poetics Today ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-595
Author(s):  
Juri Joensuu
Keyword(s):  
Special Point ◽  
Georges Perec ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Structural Dimensions ◽  
Point Of Reference

Abstract This article looks into fictitious meals and the use of culinary recipe form in experimental and procedural literature, namely, works of constrained writing associated with OuLiPo (Ouvroir de Littérature Potentielle). The recipe form is first scrutinized from the procedural, structural, and historical viewpoints, also concerning its lesser-known imaginative and esoteric genealogy. In addition, its connections to the notions of narrativity and fiction are discussed. The recipe's relationship to action is depicted by a simple procedural model. There is a metaphorical and conceptual, but also formal and operational, similarity between the coded procedures of cooking and writing. A recipe is a procedure, a script for an infinity of possible meals, and a literary procedure is a recipe for writing. It is not surprising, then, that Oulipian writers have utilized the recipe form in their food-related works. Four such literary recipes (by Georges Perec, Jacques Roubaud, Harry Mathews, and Alastair Brotchie) are closely examined, after discussion of key concepts of Oulipian poetics from the culinary viewpoint. The article's special point of reference is the parodic, satirical, absurd, and other humorous meanings that literary recipes often seem to produce, which is linked to the operational and structural dimensions of the recipe—its comically posited procedural form.

How Fowler became 'The Fowler': an anatomy of a success story

English Today ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Busse ◽  
Anne Schröder
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Role Models ◽  
English Language ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Short Forms ◽  
English Usage ◽  
Introductory Textbooks ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Point Of Reference

“Dictionary of Modern English Usage, short forms Modern English Usage, MEU. The best-known usage manual of the 20C, compiled by H. W. Fowler and published by Oxford University Press in 1926 […]. This work in particular has made the name Fowler as well known among those interested in usage and the language as Johnson and Webster, a point of reference for both those who venerate and those who regret what he has had to say.” (Burchfield, 1992a: 311)If the quotation above is anything to go by, it tells us two things, namely that Fowler's Modern English Usage [MEU] is regarded as the best-known usage manual of the 20th century and that opinions about Fowler are highly controversial. Works like the Fowler Brothers' (1906) The King's English [KE] and Henry W. Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage (1926) [MEU-1] can be regarded as role models for usage handbooks in Britain. The immense success and popularity, especially of the latter work, with new editions in 1965 (revised by Sir Ernest Gowers) [MEU-2] and in 1996 (further revised by Robert Burchfield) [MEU-3], calls for an explanation. In order to reveal the relationship between authority and success, the present article places MEU and its predecessor KE in their socio-historical contexts and then gives a detailed account of the success story of MEU. It analyses the book's reception in its three editions and its treatment in English-language histories and introductory textbooks to the English language.

scholarly journals Koncepcja edytorstwa jako subdyscypliny bibliologicznej w pracach Leona Marszałka 1912–1996

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Bożena Hojka
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Interesting Point ◽  
Current State ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Book Studies ◽  
Separate Discipline ◽  
Point Of Reference

THE CONCEPT OF EDITING AS A BIBLIOLOGICAL DISCIPLINE IN THE WRITINGS OF LEON MARSZAŁEK 1912–1996Editorial topics have almost always been included in the field of book studies, but for a long time they were not subjects of systematic research. It was only in the second half of the 20th century, with a rapid development of the publishing market, that interest in editing grew considerably, leading to the emergence within bibliology of a set of questions called today bibliological editing as opposed to scholarly-historical and philological editing. A need to develop editing understood in this manner was noted by Leon Marszałek 1912–1996, an outstanding Polish publisher, editorin-chief of encyclopaedias and dictionaries at the Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe press, author of scholarly and expert publications in which he consistently popularised the idea of editing as a separate discipline practised as part of book studies, called for comprehensive research to be carried out in this area and attempted to formulate its curriculum. The article is an attempt to reconstruct the editorial concept presented in Marszałek’s most important theoretical works. The author discusses his views on the subject matter in question and the scope of editorial research, its aim, methodological basis as well as interdisciplinary links. It is worth recalling those views as an interesting point of reference for the reflection on the current state of bibliological editing and its status in contemporary books studies.

scholarly journals Wpływ podróży na dynamikę życia wybranych uczniów Ksawerego Liskego

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 181-202
Author(s):  
Mariola Hoszowska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Search Queries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Full Professorship ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
Point Of Reference

The author of the article analyses the questions of the influence of travelling on the dynamics of life of selected students of Ksawery Liski, i.e. Bronisław Gorczak (1854–1918) and Wiktor Czermak (1863–1913). The former, after graduating from his studies in Lviv, at the beginning of 1870s, he became an archivist, and subsequently also a librarian, in Sławuta in Volhynia, for the prince Roman Damian Sanguszko. The latter, after defending at the Jagiellonian University his Ph. D. thesis written in Lviv, could take part in search queries in archives in Rome, Berlin, Vienna, with time obtaining full professorship. The author concludes that at the turn of the 19th and 20th century, scientific travels were an important factor in the research development of the past and Lviv remained a constant point of reference for Liski’s alumni.

The practice and study of civil resistance

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Schock
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Civil Resistance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nonviolent Resistance ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Cross Fertilization

This article provides an overview of the practice and study of civil resistance. First, historical roots of modern civil resistance are discussed, including the emergence in the 19th century of mass-based campaigns of non-cooperation to promote nationalist and labor interests, as well as the significance of Mohandas Gandhi and the widespread use of nonviolent resistance in the 20th century. Second, perspectives of scholars of social movements and revolution are compared with those of scholars who focus more specifically on nonviolent resistance. Despite studying much of the same phenomena, separate literatures have developed that are ripe for cross-fertilization and synthesis. In the third section, a literature review is organized around three key concepts for understanding civil resistance: mobilization, resilience, and leverage. Fourth, consequences of nonviolent resistance relative to violent resistance are discussed. Finally, areas for future research are identified.

BECOMING PROFESSIONAL: CHINESE ACCOUNTANTS IN EARLY 20TH CENTURY SHANGHAI

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Xu ◽  
Xiaoqun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Accounting Profession ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
Point Of Reference

This paper examines the experience of Chinese accountants transforming themselves into a profession during the early 20th century. It delineates how the experience was shaped by an intersection of economic development, the political culture and the nationalist movement in semi-colonial Shanghai. Chinese accountants responded to the daily manifestations of these larger historical forces by combining their professional self-interests with a nationalist agenda and by adapting to the changing political environment. The history and legacy of this experience provides a point of reference for observing the re-emergence of the accounting profession in China since the end of the Maoist era.

scholarly journals Violence in the Christian Bible: Assessing Crossan’s use of ‘violence’ as a key analytical concept

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Strijdom
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Comparative Religion ◽  
Ethical Question ◽  
The West ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Christian Myth ◽  
Point Of Reference

In this article Crossan’s analysis of violence in the Christian Bible is assessed by means of two overlapping strategies. The first strategy takes seriously the insistence by scholars of comparative religion that the application of theorised key concepts to case studies may throw new light on an issue. By taking David Chidester’s mapping of definitions and theories of the concept of ‘violence’ as a point of reference, Crossan’s conceptualisation of violence in the Bible is assessed. Secondly, Burton Mack’s critical application of Girard’s theory of violence to early Christian myth formations and their legacy in the West is compared with and used to assess Crossan’s analysis. In conclusion, the imperative to reflect further on the ethical question of violence is highlighted.

scholarly journals Molecular Electronics: History and Fundamentals

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Marqués-González ◽  
Paul J. Low
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Electronic Properties ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Molecular Electronics ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Interested Reader ◽  
Basic Premise ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Semiconductor Electronics

The increasing difficulties of meeting ‘Moore’s Law’ rates of progress in conventional semiconductor electronics, coupled with the advent of methods capable of measuring the electronic properties of single molecules in a laboratory setting, have seen a surge of activity in the field of molecular electronics over the last decade. However, the concepts of molecular electronics are far from new, and the basic premise and ideas of molecular electronics have been shadowing those of solid-state semiconductor electronics since the middle of the 20th century. In this Primer Review, we introduce the topic of molecular electronics, drawing on some of the earliest expressions of the fundamental concepts, and summarizing key concepts to provide the interested reader with an entry to this fascinating field of science and emerging technology.

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