scholarly journals Seeing and Hearing in the Laozi and Zhuangzi and the Question of Authority and Authenticity

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Andrej Fech
Keyword(s):  
Sense Experience ◽  
Dao 道 ◽  
The Senses ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

The present paper investigates the significance of visual and auditory metaphors as used in the main Daoist classics the Laozi 老子 and Zhuangzi 莊子. While both works disparage the role of the senses, they nonetheless employ a large number of metaphors related to the sense experience. It is the contention of the author that examining these metaphors against the backdrop of the main modern theories dealing with characteristics of vision and hearing is crucial for a better understanding of how the authors of both works envisioned the ideal relation between man and the Way (dao 道) as well as their views on authority and authenticity.

Plato's Theory of Recollection

1954 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 194-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Gulley
Keyword(s):  
Sense Experience ◽  
What Is Said ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Empirical Interpretation

In this paper I wish to examine the meaning of the doctrine of anamnesis, with particular regard to the role assigned in it to sense-experience. I shall argue (a) that an empirical interpretation of the doctrine as it is presented in the Meno is false, and that Plato is not concerned at all in the Meno with the question of the role of sense-experience in recollection; (b) that the doctrine of the Phaedo (73 c ff.) shows an inadequate appreciation of the problems involved in assigning a role to sense-experience, and is seriously inconsistent with what Plato says elsewhere, in the Phaedo and in other dialogues, about the senses and sensible images; (c) that the revised and more responsible presentation of this doctrine in the Phaedrus is self-contradictory; (d) that misinterpretations of the theory of anamnesis are due principally to (i) either misinterpretation or neglect of what is said about it in the Meno, (ii) the custom of taking Phaedo 73 c ff. as specially representative of Plato's doctrine.

Digesting Peru in Brooklyn

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Amy Cox Hall
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Food Studies ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Analytical Frameworks ◽  
The Way

Dominant analytical frameworks in critical food studies literature often ignore or underplay the role of the senses for chefs and eaters. This article considers one Peruvian American chef’s efforts to translate Peru’s gastronomic boom and “Peruvian flavor profiles” for New York eaters. Through an emphasis on flavor, this article shows the kinds of binds such dominant frameworks create around chefs, particularly for those who labor under culinary labels such as non-European cooking, Latino food, or ethnic cuisine. Flavor offers more than the binary of virtuous hero or colonialist villain, and instead helps conceptualize taste and power as acts of digestion, highlighting the sensory web created through cooking and eating in gastronationalism. A focus on flavor also points us to the way in which the category itself has become a resource, an embodied sensation that is part and parcel of our social lives, the result of digesting creatures and worlds around us, shaping our selves, our bodies and our national imaginaries in the process.

scholarly journals Perception and functionality of space in view of potential and dysfunction of senses

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Agata Gawlak ◽  
Magda Matuszewska ◽  
Agnieszka Ptak ◽  
Magdalena Priefer
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
The Senses ◽  
The Brain ◽  
The Way

This article is of an illustrative nature. It is intended to juxtapose the possible options of architectural perception and the potential capabilities and dysfunctions of senses. It is, further, aimed at highlighting the co-dependence of the perception of architecture on mental and physical abilities of man (its observer and user). The way space is perceived is dictated by the perceptual capabilities of our senses. Understanding the physiology and the role of the senses can sensitise the designers to the fact that the users’ responses to his/her works might diverge from the perceptual processes in the brain of the creator him/herself. More importantly, architecture itself can generate sensory feedback and exert a therapeutic effect in view of sensory dysfunctions.

Rites of the God-King

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Geslani
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Account ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Hindu Tradition ◽  
Royal Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multiple Lives ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

Most accounts of Hinduism posit a radical difference between the aniconic fire sacrifice (yajña) and temple-based image worship (pūjā). The historical distinction between ancient Vedism and medieval Hinduism is often premised on this basic ritual opposition. Through an exacting study of ritual manuals, Rites of the God-King offers an alternative account of the formation of mainstream Hindu ritual through the history of śānti, or “appeasement,” a form of aspersion or bathing, developed in order to counteract inauspicious omens. This ritual, which originated at the nexus of the fourth and somewhat marginal Veda (Atharvaveda) and the emergent tradition of astronomy-astrology (Jyotiḥśāstra), would come to have far-reaching consequences on the ideal ritual life of the king in early medieval Brahmanical society—and on the ideal ritual life of images. The mantric substitutions involved in this history helped to produce a politicized ritual culture that could encompass both traditional Vedic and newer Hindu practices and performers. From astrological appeasement to gifting, coronation, and image worship, the author chronicles the multiple lives and afterlives of a single ritual mode, disclosing the always inventive work of priesthood to imagine and enrich royal power. Along the way, he reveals the surprising role of astrologers in Hindu history, elaborates concepts of sin and misfortune, and forges new connections between medieval texts and modern practice. Detailing forms of ritual that were dispersed widely across Asia, he concludes with a reflection on the nature of orthopraxy, ritual change, and the problem of presence in the Hindu tradition.

John Woolman and the Government of Christ

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon R. Kershner
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Colonial America ◽  
Divine Revelation ◽  
God's Will ◽  
Divine Judgment ◽  
The Senses ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Way

This book discusses the theology of the colonial New Jersey Quaker tailor John Woolman (1720–1772). Woolman is recognized as an antislavery advocate and as a reformer among eighteenth-century Quakers. This book discusses the theological motivations for those reforms, and explores the way Woolman constructed theological meaning in an individualized way to address the issues of colonial America. Woolman took on the role of a “lay” theologian to innovate within his Quaker tradition. Woolman’s theology is best classified as apocalyptic because it was centered on a vision of Christ’s immediate presence governing all aspects of human affairs, and so was creating a new perfected world out of the old corrupted one. Woolman’s apocalypticism is analyzed in relation to five main theological themes: divine revelation, propheticism, eschatology, perfection, and divine judgment. These themes are evident in Woolman’s belief that (1) God intervened in world affairs to reveal God’s will for humanity on earth in a way unavailable to the senses and natural faculties; (2) God’s will made claims on society and God commissioned human agents to confront apostasy and be God’s spokespeople; (3) the faithful embodied the kingdom and pointed to the transformation of all things to establish the “government of Christ”; (4) the faithful were able to navigate the complexities of the British imperial world and maintain faithfulness because they could perfectly hear and obey God’s will for them; and (5) God’s will would inevitably be done and the faithful would be vindicated as God intervened in world events to enforce the divine will.

The Battles of God and King Richard

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Staunton
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

This chapter looks at the representation of King Richard in war, particularly in the Holy Land and on the way there. English historians’ accounts of King Richard’s wars have usually been examined for the information they provide of military engagements, or for how they illustrate his image as the ideal knight-king. Here the emphasis is instead on the role of the divine. References to God’s role in battle are so obvious in medieval histories that they may easily be ignored, but, as shown here, there is much complexity in the presentation of such a role by these twelfth-century historians of Angevin England.

Education and the Arts in Plato's Republic

1996 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-98
Author(s):  
J. David Blankenship
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Psychological Resources ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Average Person ◽  
Full Discussion ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

The education in ‘music’ described in Books II-III of the Republic combines the content and the manner of presentation of stories so that moral substance and formal beauty work together to inculcate the opinions and virtues required in the children who are to become guardians of the ideal city. The principles which underlie this section constitute a theory of the role of the arts in moral education that can be applied in others contexts. Plato's view of how such education works depends upon his view of the way in which imitation affects the soul, and can be understood thoroughly only after the parts of the soul have been distinguished and the epistemological and ontological groundwork has been laid for a full discussion of imitation. These requirements having been met in the course of Books IV through IX, Plato returns to imitation in Book X, using painting as a foil to mount ontological, epistemological, and psychological criticisms of imitative poetry, now focussing upon its effect on adults, not children. His attack tacitly exempts the kind of imitations exemplified by Socrates' own frequent image making and by the philosophical poetry of the Republic itself. Socrates imagines, but rejects, a certain defense of popular poetry, the very one which Aristotle developed in his doctrine of ‘catharsis.’ But that defense rests upon views of practical knowledge and of the psychological resources of the average person that Plato would be unlikely to have accepted.

Let's Go to the Moon: Science Fiction in the North Korean Children's Magazine Adong Munhak, 1956–1965

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dafna Zur
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
The North ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Bear Witness ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

Science fiction narratives appeared in the North Korean children's magazine Adong munhak between 1956 and 1965, and they bear witness to the significant Soviet influence in this formative period of the DPRK. Moving beyond questions of authenticity and imitation, however, this article locates the science fiction narrative within North Korean discourses on children's literature preoccupied with the role of fiction as both a reflection of the real and a projection of the imminent, utopian future. Through a close reading of science fiction narratives from this period, this article underscores the way in which science, technology, and the environment are implicated in North Korean political discourses of development, and points to the way in which these works resolve the inherent tension between the desirable and seemingly contradictory qualities of the ideal scientist—obedient servant of the collective and indefatigable questioner—to establish the child-scientist as the new protagonist of the DPRK.

scholarly journals Action-Guidance, Oppression, and Nonideal Theory

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa H Schwartzman
Keyword(s):  
Ideal Theory ◽  
Nonideal Theory ◽  
Moral Failure ◽  
Normative Issues ◽  
Action Guidance ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

Lisa Tessman’s Moral Failure: On the Impossible Demands of Morality raises important questions about ideal theory, oppression, and the role of action guidance in normative philosophy. After a brief overview of feminist and anti-racist philosophers’ critiques of ideal theory, I examine Tessman’s claim that nonideal oppression theorists focus too narrowly on action guidance and thereby obscure other important normative issues, such as the problem of moral failure. Although I agree with Tessman’s advocacy of a wider focus—and with her suggestion that situations of inevitable moral failure are particularly important to examine in contexts of oppression—I question whether nonideal oppression theorists actually emphasize action guidance to the exclusion of other concerns. I conclude with a brief examination of the way that ideal and nonideal theory have been defined and understood in debates about normative methodology, and I suggest that a move away from Rawls’s account of the ideal/nonideal distinction would benefit feminists and other oppression theorists.

Education and the Arts in Plato's Republic

1997 ◽  
Vol 179 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-98
Author(s):  
J. David Blankenship
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Psychological Resources ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Average Person ◽  
Full Discussion ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

The education in ‘music’ described in Books II-III of the Republic combines the content and the manner of presentation of stories so that moral substance and formal beauty work together to inculcate the opinions and virtues required in the children who are to become guardians of the ideal city. The principles which underlie this section constitute a theory of the role of the arts in moral education that can be applied in others contexts. Plato's view of how such education works depends upon his view of the way in which imitation affects the soul, and can be understood thoroughly only after the parts of the soul have been distinguished and the epistemological and ontological groundwork has been laid for a full discussion of imitation. These requirements having been met in the course of Books IV through IX, Plato returns to imitation in Book X, using painting as a foil to mount ontological, epistemological, and psychological criticisms of imitative poetry, now focussing upon its effect on adults, not children. His attack tacitly exempts the kind of imitations exemplified by Socrates' own frequent image making and by the philosophical poetry of the Republic itself. Socrates imagines, but rejects, a certain defense of popular poetry, the very one which Aristotle developed in his doctrine of ‘catharsis.’ But that defense rests upon views of practical knowledge and of the psychological resources of the average person that Plato would be unlikely to have accepted.

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