scholarly journals Perception and functionality of space in view of potential and dysfunction of senses

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Agata Gawlak ◽  
Magda Matuszewska ◽  
Agnieszka Ptak ◽  
Magdalena Priefer
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
The Senses ◽  
The Brain ◽  
The Way

This article is of an illustrative nature. It is intended to juxtapose the possible options of architectural perception and the potential capabilities and dysfunctions of senses. It is, further, aimed at highlighting the co-dependence of the perception of architecture on mental and physical abilities of man (its observer and user). The way space is perceived is dictated by the perceptual capabilities of our senses. Understanding the physiology and the role of the senses can sensitise the designers to the fact that the users’ responses to his/her works might diverge from the perceptual processes in the brain of the creator him/herself. More importantly, architecture itself can generate sensory feedback and exert a therapeutic effect in view of sensory dysfunctions.

The Intricate Interplay of Spatial Attention and Expectation: a Multisensory Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 383-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Zuanazzi ◽  
Uta Noppeney
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Multisensory Perception ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Perceptual Inference ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Attention (i.e., task relevance) and expectation (i.e., signal probability) are two critical top-down mechanisms guiding perceptual inference. Attention prioritizes processing of information that is relevant for observers’ current goals. Prior expectations encode the statistical structure of the environment. Research to date has mostly conflated spatial attention and expectation. Most notably, the Posner cueing paradigm manipulates spatial attention using probabilistic cues that indicate where the subsequent stimulus is likely to be presented. Only recently have studies attempted to dissociate the mechanisms of attention and expectation and characterized their interactive (i.e., synergistic) or additive influences on perception. In this review, we will first discuss methodological challenges that are involved in dissociating the mechanisms of attention and expectation. Second, we will review research that was designed to dissociate attention and expectation in the unisensory domain. Third, we will review the broad field of crossmodal endogenous and exogenous spatial attention that investigates the impact of attention across the senses. This raises the critical question of whether attention relies on amodal or modality-specific mechanisms. Fourth, we will discuss recent studies investigating the role of both spatial attention and expectation in multisensory perception, where the brain constructs a representation of the environment based on multiple sensory inputs. We conclude that spatial attention and expectation are closely intertwined in almost all circumstances of everyday life. Yet, despite their intimate relationship, attention and expectation rely on partly distinct neural mechanisms: while attentional resources are mainly shared across the senses, expectations can be formed in a modality-specific fashion.

Digesting Peru in Brooklyn

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Amy Cox Hall
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Food Studies ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Analytical Frameworks ◽  
The Way

Dominant analytical frameworks in critical food studies literature often ignore or underplay the role of the senses for chefs and eaters. This article considers one Peruvian American chef’s efforts to translate Peru’s gastronomic boom and “Peruvian flavor profiles” for New York eaters. Through an emphasis on flavor, this article shows the kinds of binds such dominant frameworks create around chefs, particularly for those who labor under culinary labels such as non-European cooking, Latino food, or ethnic cuisine. Flavor offers more than the binary of virtuous hero or colonialist villain, and instead helps conceptualize taste and power as acts of digestion, highlighting the sensory web created through cooking and eating in gastronationalism. A focus on flavor also points us to the way in which the category itself has become a resource, an embodied sensation that is part and parcel of our social lives, the result of digesting creatures and worlds around us, shaping our selves, our bodies and our national imaginaries in the process.

Technological Social-ism

2010 ◽  
pp. 369-402
Author(s):  
Judson Wright
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Visual Noise ◽  
Grocery Shopping ◽  
Rule Sets ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Personal Perspectives ◽  
The Brain ◽  
The Way

Culture is a byproduct of our brains. Moreover, we’ll look at ways culture also employs ritual (from shamanistic practices to grocery shopping) to shape neural paths, and thus shape our brains. Music has a definite (well researched) role in this feedback loop. The ear learns how to discern music from noise in the very immediate context of the environment. This serves more than entertainment purposes however. At a glance, we often can discern visual noise from images, nonsense from words. The dynamics are hardly unique to audial compositions. There are many kinds of compositional rules that apply to all of the senses and well beyond. The brain develops these rule sets specific to the needs of the culture and in order to maintain it. These rules, rarely articulated, are stored in the form of icons, a somewhat abstracted, context-less abbreviation open to wide interpretation. It may seem somewhat amazing we can come up with compatible rules, by reading these icons from our unique personal perspectives. And often we don’t, as we each have differing tastes and opinions. However, “drawing from the same well” defines abstract groupings, to which we choose to subscribe. We both subscribe to and influence which rule-sets we use to filter our perceptions and conclusions. But the way we (often unconsciously) choose is far more elusive and subtle.

John Woolman and the Government of Christ

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon R. Kershner
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Colonial America ◽  
Divine Revelation ◽  
God's Will ◽  
Divine Judgment ◽  
The Senses ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Way

This book discusses the theology of the colonial New Jersey Quaker tailor John Woolman (1720–1772). Woolman is recognized as an antislavery advocate and as a reformer among eighteenth-century Quakers. This book discusses the theological motivations for those reforms, and explores the way Woolman constructed theological meaning in an individualized way to address the issues of colonial America. Woolman took on the role of a “lay” theologian to innovate within his Quaker tradition. Woolman’s theology is best classified as apocalyptic because it was centered on a vision of Christ’s immediate presence governing all aspects of human affairs, and so was creating a new perfected world out of the old corrupted one. Woolman’s apocalypticism is analyzed in relation to five main theological themes: divine revelation, propheticism, eschatology, perfection, and divine judgment. These themes are evident in Woolman’s belief that (1) God intervened in world affairs to reveal God’s will for humanity on earth in a way unavailable to the senses and natural faculties; (2) God’s will made claims on society and God commissioned human agents to confront apostasy and be God’s spokespeople; (3) the faithful embodied the kingdom and pointed to the transformation of all things to establish the “government of Christ”; (4) the faithful were able to navigate the complexities of the British imperial world and maintain faithfulness because they could perfectly hear and obey God’s will for them; and (5) God’s will would inevitably be done and the faithful would be vindicated as God intervened in world events to enforce the divine will.

Pattern Thinking

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-145
Author(s):  
Tanusree Dutta ◽  
Soumya Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Buying ◽  
Sales Promotions ◽  
Firing Patterns ◽  
Neural Connections ◽  
Consumer Experiences ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Brains ◽  
The Brain ◽  
The Way

Consumers experience retail environments through the encounters they have. Out of these, the oft-repeated ones become part of the way they experience the world, which lay down and solidify neural connections and firing patterns leading to sight, hearing, feeling, and doing. This ‘doing' shapes consumer experiences. The foundation for such experiences is the fact that human brains are geared towards recognizing patterns and interruptions in patterns. To their benefit, retailers use information about the brain identifying patterns of experience and anomalies in those patterns. This knowledge makes sales promotions so fundamental for engaging buyers. Their visit to their favorite store is interrupted by a sudden discount or an alluring offer, which retailers are forever carrying out to seduce buyers. This chapter explores the neuroscience theories that equip the retailers to send out signals to entice buyers and covers applications of such theories in real retail encounters, including the role of dopamine and the brain, impulse buying, and the thrill of hunting deals.

Technological Social-ism

2010 ◽  
pp. 343-374
Author(s):  
Judson Wright
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Visual Noise ◽  
Grocery Shopping ◽  
Rule Sets ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Personal Perspectives ◽  
The Brain ◽  
The Way

Culture is a byproduct of our brains. Moreover, we’ll look at ways culture also employs ritual (from shamanistic practices to grocery shopping) to shape neural paths, and thus shape our brains. Music has a definite (well researched) role in this feedback loop. The ear learns how to discern music from noise in the very immediate context of the environment. This serves more than entertainment purposes however. At a glance, we often can discern visual noise from images, nonsense from words. The dynamics are hardly unique to audial compositions. There are many kinds of compositional rules that apply to all of the senses and well beyond. The brain develops these rule sets specific to the needs of the culture and in order to maintain it. These rules, rarely articulated, are stored in the form of icons, a somewhat abstracted, context-less abbreviation open to wide interpretation. It may seem somewhat amazing we can come up with compatible rules, by reading these icons from our unique personal perspectives. And often we don’t, as we each have differing tastes and opinions. However, “drawing from the same well” defines abstract groupings, to which we choose to subscribe. We both subscribe to and influence which rule-sets we use to filter our perceptions and conclusions. But the way we (often unconsciously) choose is far more elusive and subtle.

scholarly journals Seeing and Hearing in the Laozi and Zhuangzi and the Question of Authority and Authenticity

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Andrej Fech
Keyword(s):  
Sense Experience ◽  
Dao 道 ◽  
The Senses ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
The Way

The present paper investigates the significance of visual and auditory metaphors as used in the main Daoist classics the Laozi 老子 and Zhuangzi 莊子. While both works disparage the role of the senses, they nonetheless employ a large number of metaphors related to the sense experience. It is the contention of the author that examining these metaphors against the backdrop of the main modern theories dealing with characteristics of vision and hearing is crucial for a better understanding of how the authors of both works envisioned the ideal relation between man and the Way (dao 道) as well as their views on authority and authenticity.

scholarly journals The Internal Senses in Nemesius, Plotinus and Galen: the Beginning of an Idea

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umar Faruque
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sense Perception ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Textual Evidence ◽  
Localization Theory ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
The Way

This study traces the notion of the internal senses in three ancient authors, namely Nemesius, Plotinus and Galen. It begins with Nemesius, and then by going backward ends with Galen. The textual evidence investigated in this study shows clearly that Galen, after acknowledging the Platonic tripartite soul, locates the various dunameis of the soul in the brain. The “localization” theory of Galen plays a crucial role in paving the way for the foundation of the internal senses, which both Plotinus and Nemesius adapted. Just as with the external senses one can locate various sense-organs in different parts of the body, viz., touch, smell, sight etc., so too with the internal senses, thanks to Galen, one is able to locate them in various organs of the body. Thus philosophers are able to explain the role of all these different (internal) senses in their account of sense-perception.

A Neuromarketing Perspective on Measuring Marketing Influence at the Unconsciousness Level

2017 ◽  
pp. 151-171
Author(s):  
Ioana Iancu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Academic Environments ◽  
Marketing Influence ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Marketing Messages ◽  
The Way

In a context characterized by an inflation of marketing messages, it is imperious to understand how consumers succeed in making the buying decision. Starting by briefly describing the structure and the role of the brain and the differences between consciousness and unconsciousness, the paper aims to investigate the way neuromarketing can help in comprehending the feelings of the consumers, the way products or services match the consumers' needs, and the way companies can discover the insights of decision-making process. This paper can be perceived either as a guide for the companies that aim to find more on the way people manage information and make decisions or as a comprehensive description on human being marketing behavior that can serve both business, academic environments and consumers.

A Neuromarketing Perspective on Measuring Marketing Influence at the Unconsciousness Level

2018 ◽  
pp. 296-316
Author(s):  
Ioana Iancu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Academic Environments ◽  
Marketing Influence ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Marketing Messages ◽  
The Way

In a context characterized by an inflation of marketing messages, it is imperious to understand how consumers succeed in making the buying decision. Starting by briefly describing the structure and the role of the brain and the differences between consciousness and unconsciousness, the paper aims to investigate the way neuromarketing can help in comprehending the feelings of the consumers, the way products or services match the consumers' needs, and the way companies can discover the insights of decision-making process. This paper can be perceived either as a guide for the companies that aim to find more on the way people manage information and make decisions or as a comprehensive description on human being marketing behavior that can serve both business, academic environments and consumers.

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