scholarly journals HIJING, a Heavy Ion Jet INteraction Generator for the High-Luminosity Era of the LHC and Beyond ++

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Bíró ◽  
Gábor Papp ◽  
Gergely Gábor Barnaföldi ◽  
Dániel Nagy ◽  
Miklos  Gyulassy  ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
High Luminosity ◽  
Jet Interaction ◽  
Modular Framework

HIJING++ (Heavy Ion Jet INteraction Generator) is the successor of the widely used original HIJING, developed almost three decades ago. While the old versions (1.x and 2.x) were written in FORTRAN, HIJING++ was completely rewritten in C++. During the development we keep in mind the requirements of the high-energy heavy-ion community: the new Monte Carlo software have a well designed modular framework, therefore any future modifications are much easier to implement. It contains all the physical models that were also present in it’s predecessor, but utilizing modern C++ features it also includes native thread based parallelism, an easy-to-use analysis interface and a modular plugin system, which makes room for possible future improvements. In this paper we summarize the results of our performance tests measured on 2 widely used architectures.

ON THE RELATION BETWEEN THE WIDTH OF CHARGE BALANCE FUNCTION AND HADRONIZATION TIME IN RELATIVISTIC HEAVY ION COLLISION

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 3355-3362
Author(s):  
DU JIAXIN ◽  
LI NA ◽  
LIU LIANSHOU
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Monte Carlo Study ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions ◽  
Heavy Ion Collision ◽  
Balance Function ◽  
Charge Balance ◽  
Ion Collision

A Monte Carlo study on the charge balance function in high energy hadron-hadron and relativistic heavy ion collisions are carried out using the Monte Carlo generators PYTHIA and AMPT, respectively. A strong dependence of the width of balance function on multiplicity is found in both cases. Using the mean parton-freeze-out time of a heavy-ion-collision event as the characteristic hadronization time for the event, it is found that for a fixed multiplicity interval the width of balance function is consistent with being independent of hadronization time.

scholarly journals Introducing HIJING++: the Heavy Ion Monte Carlo Generator for the High-Luminosity LHC Era

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Bíró ◽  
Gergely Gabor Barnafoldi ◽  
Gabor Papp ◽  
Miklos Gyulassy ◽  
Peter Levai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Monte Carlo Generator ◽  
High Luminosity

scholarly journals Cross-Verification of Monte Carlo Codes Geant4 and MCNP6 for Muon Tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
C. V. Hrytsiuk ◽  
◽  
А. M. Bozhuk ◽  
А. V. Nosovskyi ◽  
V. І. Gulik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Nuclear Data ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Intermediate Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Heavy Nuclei ◽  
Muon Tomography ◽  
Significant Difference

Muon tomography is a promising detection technology that uses natural radiation, the muons of cosmic rays. In the last decade, a significant number of scientific papers have appeared that investigate the possibility of using muon tomography in various fields of science and technology. Especially remarkable is the considerable potential of this technology for detecting the illegal transport of radioactive materials and for no-invasive testing of the integrity of spent nuclear fuel in dry storage facilities for such fuel. For the implementation of muon tomography technology, the process of preliminary modeling of the experimental detector facility is important, which also requires verification of the obtained calculation results. For this purpose, the well-known Monte Carlo codes MCNP and Geant4 are mainly used. This results of the first cross-verification studies of MCNP6 and Geant4 codes are demonstrated in the paper. The study was performed on simple models for different materials and for different energies of the muons bombarding the research object. The recommended QGSP_BERT physics library was used in the Geant4 code. In the MCNP6 code, the recommended settings for cosmic particle simulations were used. The calculations showed that for low-energy muons, both codes give results that agree well with each other. This can be explained by the fact that similar libraries of evaluated nuclear data are used in the low-energy range. Regarding the muons of intermediate energies, there is a significant difference between the two codes, which may indicate differences in physical models. The modeling of high-energy muon transfer has better agreement between MCNP6 and Geant4 codes than for intermediate-energy muons, but significant differences are still observed for heavy nuclei.

scholarly journals Monte Carlo Simulations of Particle Acceleration at Oblique Shocks

1994 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 547-552
Author(s):  
Matthew G. Baring ◽  
Donald C. Ellison ◽  
Frank C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Mach Number ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulations ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Shock Acceleration ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray Acceleration

AbstractThe Fermi shock acceleration mechanism may be responsible for the production of high-energy cosmic rays in a wide variety of environments. Modeling of this phenomenon has largely focused on plane-parallel shocks, and one of the most promising techniques for its study is the Monte Carlo simulation of particle transport in shocked fluid flows. One of the principal problems in shock acceleration theory is the mechanism and efficiency of injection of particles from the thermal gas into the accelerated population. The Monte Carlo technique is ideally suited to addressing the injection problem directly, and previous applications of it to the quasi-parallel Earth bow shock led to very successful modeling of proton and heavy ion spectra, as well as other observed quantities. Recently this technique has been extended to oblique shock geometries, in which the upstream magnetic field makes a significant angle ΘB1 to the shock normal. In this paper, spectral results from test particle Monte Carlo simulations of cosmic-ray acceleration at oblique, nonrelativistic shocks are presented. The results show that low Mach number shocks have injection efficiencies that are relatively insensitive to (though not independent of) the shock obliquity, but that there is a dramatic drop in efficiency for shocks of Mach number 30 or more as the obliquity increases above 15°. Cosmic-ray distributions just upstream of the shock reveal prominent bumps at energies below the thermal peak; these disappear far upstream but might be observable features close to astrophysical shocks.Subject headings: acceleration of particles — cosmic rays — shock waves

Assessment of secondary neutrons in particle therapy by Monte Carlo simulations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Vedelago ◽  
Federico A Geser ◽  
Iván D Muñoz ◽  
Alberto Stabilini ◽  
Eduardo G Yukihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulations ◽  
Radiation Transport ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Particle Therapy ◽  
Carbon Ions ◽  
Secondary Neutron ◽  
Secondary Neutrons

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study is to estimate the energy and angular distribution of secondary neutrons inside a phantom in hadron therapy, which will support decisions on detector choice and experimental setup design for in-phantom secondary neutron measurements. Approach: Dedicated Monte Carlo simulations were implemented, considering clinically relevant energies of protons, helium and carbon ions. Since scored quantities can vary from different radiation transport models, the codes FLUKA, TOPAS and MCNP were used. The geometry of an active scanning beam delivery system for heavy ion treatment was implemented, and simulations of pristine and spread-out Bragg peaks were carried out. Previous studies, focused on specific ion types or single energies, are qualitatively in agreement with the obtained results. Main results: The secondary neutrons energy distributions present a continuous spectrum with two peaks, one centred on the thermal/epithermal region, and one on the high-energy region, with the most probable energy ranging from 19 MeV up to 240 MeV, depending on the ion type and its initial energy. The simulations show that the secondary neutron energies may exceed 400 MeV and, therefore, suitable neutron detectors for this energy range shall be needed. Additionally, the angular distribution of the low energy neutrons is quite isotropic, whereas the fast/relativistic neutrons are mainly scattered in the down-stream direction. Significance: It would be possible to minimize the influence of the heavy ions when measuring the neutron-generated recoil protons by selecting appropriate measurement positions within the phantom. Although there are discrepancies among the three Monte Carlo codes, the results agree qualitatively and in order of magnitude, being sufficient to support further investigations with the ultimate goal of mapping the secondary neutron doses both in- and out-of-field in hadrontherapy. The obtained secondary neutron spectra are available as supplementary material.

scholarly journals First results of Chinese particle instruments in the Double Star Program

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 2775-2784 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Cao ◽  
Z. X. Liu ◽  
C. X. Yan ◽  
C. L. Cai ◽  
Z. Y. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Double Star ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Star Program ◽  
First Results ◽  
Storms And Substorms ◽  
Proton Detector ◽  
Ion Detector

Abstract. Double Star Program (DSP) aims to investigate the trigger mechanism and physical models of geomagnetic storms and substorms. The DSP involves two satellites: the equatorial satellite of DSP (TC-1 in China) and the polar satellite of DSP (TC-2 in China). On board the two satellites of TC-1 and TC-2, there are four kinds of particle instruments developed by the Center for Space Science and Applied Research (CSSAR), namely: the High Energy Electron Detector (HEED, TC-1, 2), the High Energy Proton Detector (HEPD, TC-1, 2), the High Energy Heavy Ion Detector (HID, TC-1, 2) and the Low Energy Ion Detector (LEID, TC-2). HEED, HEPD and HID were developed and calibrated in China. The LEID was developed in China and calibrated in France. This paper introduces the scientific objectives and characteristics of each instrument, their status and some preliminary results.

Void-Lattice Formation in Natural Fluorite by Electron Irradiation

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 614-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.E. Murr
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Irradiation ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Anion Vacancies ◽  
Cation And Anion Vacancies ◽  
Lattice Formation

The production of void lattices in metals as a result of displacement damage associated with high energy and heavy ion bombardment is now well documented. More recently, Murr has shown that a void lattice can be developed in natural (colored) fluorites observed in the transmission electron microscope. These were the first observations of a void lattice in an irradiated nonmetal, and the first, direct observations of color-center aggregates. Clinard, et al. have also recently observed a void lattice (described as a high density of aligned "pores") in neutron irradiated Al2O3 and Y2O3. In this latter work, itwas pointed out that in order that a cavity be formed,a near-stoichiometric ratio of cation and anion vacancies must aggregate. It was reasoned that two other alternatives to explain the pores were cation metal colloids and highpressure anion gas bubbles.Evans has proposed that void lattices result from the presence of a pre-existing impurity lattice, and predicted that the formation of a void lattice should restrict swelling in irradiated materials because it represents a state of saturation.

Electron and ion irradiation-induced dissolution of mechanical twins in the intermetalic U3Si: An in situ HVEM study

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 652-653
Author(s):  
Charles W. Allen ◽  
Robert C. Birtcher
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mechanical Twinning ◽  
In Situ Experiments

The uranium silicides, including U3Si, are under study as candidate low enrichment nuclear fuels. Ion beam simulations of the in-reactor behavior of such materials are performed because a similar damage structure can be produced in hours by energetic heavy ions which requires years in actual reactor tests. This contribution treats one aspect of the microstructural behavior of U3Si under high energy electron irradiation and low dose energetic heavy ion irradiation and is based on in situ experiments, performed at the HVEM-Tandem User Facility at Argonne National Laboratory. This Facility interfaces a 2 MV Tandem ion accelerator and a 0.6 MV ion implanter to a 1.2 MeV AEI high voltage electron microscope, which allows a wide variety of in situ ion beam experiments to be performed with simultaneous irradiation and electron microscopy or diffraction.At elevated temperatures, U3Si exhibits the ordered AuCu3 structure. On cooling below 1058 K, the intermetallic transforms, evidently martensitically, to a body-centered tetragonal structure (alternatively, the structure may be described as face-centered tetragonal, which would be fcc except for a 1 pet tetragonal distortion). Mechanical twinning accompanies the transformation; however, diferences between electron diffraction patterns from twinned and non-twinned martensite plates could not be distinguished.

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