scholarly journals Recovery of Valuable Materials from the Waste Crystalline-Silicon Photovoltaic Cell and Ribbon

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 712
Author(s):  
Wei-Sheng Chen ◽  
Yen-Jung Chen ◽  
Cheng-Han Lee ◽  
Yi-Jin Cheng ◽  
Yu-An Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Copper Wire ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Tempered Glass ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Cell Purification ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Cell

With the dramatic increase of photovoltaic (PV) module installation in solar energy-based industries, the methods for recovering waste solar generators should be emphasized as the backup of the PV market for environmental protection. Crystalline-silicon accounts for most of the worldwide PV market and it contains valuable materials such as high purity of silicon (Si), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), tin (Sn), and lead (Pb). This study can provide an efficient recycling process for valuable materials resourced from waste crystalline-silicon PV module, including Si in the PV cell, and Ag, Cu, Pb, Sn, in PV ribbon. As tempered glass and Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) resin were removed, the module was separated into two materials, PV ribbon and PV cell. For PV cell purification, Si with purity at 99.84% was recovered by removing impurities such as aluminum (Al) and Ag by two-step leaching and dissolving the impurities. For PV ribbon recovering, purified metal or metal oxide was obtained through the processes of leaching/polishing, extraction, and chemical precipitation. In the polishing process, 99.5% of copper wire was collected. The purities of final products are 99.7% for CuO, 99.47% for PbO, 99.68% for SnO2, and 98.85% for Ag respectively.

Fabrication and Characteristics of Recyclable PV Modules

Solar Energy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Doi ◽  
Izumi Tsuda ◽  
Koichi Sakuta ◽  
Goichi Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Cell Recovery ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Transparent Films ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Pv Cell ◽  
Cell Modules ◽  
Weather Resistance ◽  
Resistance Tests

Since the life of crystalline silicon PV modules is mainly determined by that of the encapsulations and not of the cells, it is possible to reuse the cells, except when the cells are physically damaged. By reusing the cells, we can save the significant amount of energy consumed in the manufacture of PV cells, and reduce the total cost of PV modules as a consequence. PV cells are resources, and they should be recycled. However, it has not been easy to remove cells from modules without damaging them because of the very strong adhesiveness of EVA, the most common encapsulant resin. We propose a new PV module with a double encapsulation module (DEM) structure, in which both surfaces of the PV cells are wrapped with non-adhesive transparent films. Here, the concept of DEM is explained and detailed results from the fabrication of single-cell modules are presented. The results of PV cell recovery experiments and weather resistance tests are also shown.

scholarly journals Analysis of Power Generation for Solar Photovoltaic Module with Various Internal Cell Spacing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6364
Author(s):  
June Raymond L. Mariano ◽  
Yun-Chuan Lin ◽  
Mingyu Liao ◽  
Herchang Ay
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Spacing Effect ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Engineering Software ◽  
Internal Cell ◽  
Cell Spacing ◽  
Pv Module

Photovoltaic (PV) systems directly convert solar energy into electricity and researchers are taking into consideration the design of photovoltaic cell interconnections to form a photovoltaic module that maximizes solar irradiance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cell spacing effect of light diffusion on output power. In this work, the light absorption of solar PV cells in a module with three different cell spacings was studied. An optical engineering software program was used to analyze the reflecting light on the backsheet of the solar PV module towards the solar cell with varied internal cell spacing of 2 mm, 5 mm, and 8 mm. Then, assessments were performed under standard test conditions to investigate the power output of the PV modules. The results of the study show that the module with an internal cell spacing of 8 mm generated more power than 5 mm and 2 mm. Conversely, internal cell spacing from 2 mm to 5 mm revealed a greater increase of power output on the solar PV module compared to 5 mm to 8 mm. Furthermore, based on the simulation and experiment, internal cell spacing variation showed that the power output of a solar PV module can increase its potential to produce more power from the diffuse reflectance of light.

scholarly journals A Study of the Electrical Output and Reliability Characteristics of the Crystalline Photovoltaic Module According to the Front Materials

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Jong Rok Lim ◽  
Woo Gyun Shin ◽  
Chung Geun Lee ◽  
Yong Gyu Lee ◽  
Young Chul Ju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Film ◽  
Front Surface ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Reliability Test ◽  
Tempered Glass ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Reliability Characteristics ◽  
Electrical Output

In recent years, various types of installations such as floating photovoltaic (PV) and agri-voltaic systems, and BIPV (building integrated photovoltaic system) have been implemented in PV systems and, accordingly, there is a growing demand for new PV designs and materials. In particular, in order to install a PV module in a building, it is important to reduce the weight of the module. The PV module in which low-iron, tempered glass is applied to the front surface, which is generally used, has excellent electrical output and reliability characteristics; however, it is heavy. In order to reduce the weight of the PV module, it is necessary to use a film or plastic-based material, as opposed to low-iron, tempered glass, on the front surface. However, if a material other than glass is used on the front of the PV module, various problems such as reduced electrical output and reduced reliability may occur. Therefore, in this paper, a PV module using a film instead of glass as the front surface was fabricated, and a characteristic analysis and reliability test were conducted. First, the transmittance and UV characteristics of each material were tested, and one-cell and 24-cell PV modules were fabricated and tested for electrical output and reliability. From the results, it was found that the transmittance and UV characteristics of the front material were excellent. In addition, the electrical output and reliability test results confirmed that the front-surface film was appropriate for use in a PV module.

Lifetime Estimation of a Photovoltaic Module Subjected to Corrosion Due to Damp Heat Testing

2012 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Laronde ◽  
A. Charki ◽  
D. Bigaud
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Accelerated Life ◽  
Mean Lifetime ◽  
Initial Power

In this paper, a methodology is presented for estimating the lifetime of a photovoltaic (PV) module. Designers guarantee an acceptable level of power (80% of the initial power) up to 25 yr for solar panels without having sufficient feedback to validate this lifetime. Accelerated life testing (ALT) can be carried out in order to determine the lifetime of the equipment. Severe conditions are used to accelerate the ageing of components and the reliability is then deduced in normal conditions, which are considered to be stochastic rather than constant. Environmental conditions at normal operations are simulated using IEC 61725 standard and meteorological data. The mean lifetime of a crystalline-silicon photovoltaic module that meets the minimum power requirement is estimated. The main results show the influence of lifetime distribution and Peck model parameters on the estimation of the lifetime of a photovoltaic module.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study of the Technical and Economic Performance of Grid-Connected PV System for Selected Rooftops in UTHM

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Fakrie Mohamad Ali ◽  
◽  
Mohd Noor Abdullah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Electricity Bill ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Energy Metering

This paper presents the feasibility study of the technical and economic performances of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system for selected rooftops in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). The analysis of the electricity consumption and electricity bill data of UTHM campus show that the monthly electricity usage in UTHM campus is very high and expensive. The main purpose of this project is to reduce the annual electricity consumption and electricity bill of UTHM with Net Energy Metering (NEM) scheme. Therefore, the grid-connected PV system has been proposed at Dewan Sultan Ibrahim (DSI), Tunku Tun Aminah Library (TTAL), Fakulti Kejuruteraan Awam dan Alam Bina (FKAAS) and F2 buildings UTHM by using three types of PV modules which are mono-crystalline silicon (Mono-Si), poly-crystalline silicon (Poly-Si) and Thin-film. These three PV modules were modeled, simulated and calculated using Helioscope software with the capacity of 2,166.40kWp, 2,046.20kWp and 1,845kWp respectively for the total rooftop area of 190,302.9 ft². The economic analysis was conducted on the chosen three installed PV modules using RETScreen software. As a result, the Mono-Si showed the best PV module that can produce 2,332,327.40 kWh of PV energy, 4.4% of CO₂ reduction, 9.3 years of payback period considering 21 years of the contractual period and profit of RM4,932,274.58 for 11.7 years after payback period. Moreover, the proposed installation of 2,166.40kWp (Mono-SI PV module) can reduce the annual electricity bill and CO2 emission of 3.6% (RM421,561.93) and 4.4% (1,851.40 tCO₂) compared to the system without PV system.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of a mini photovoltaic cell by using light LED bulbs as a source of photon energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 926 (1) ◽  
pp. 012090
Author(s):  
Mustofa ◽  
Iskandar ◽  
Muchsin ◽  
S Suluh ◽  
T M Kamaludin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Fresnel Lens ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Pv Cell ◽  
Fresnel Lenses ◽  
Cell Module

Abstract Muxindo’s LED bulb is one of the brands that are widely used by Indonesian people as lighting in the home. This study aims to look at the effectiveness of the light spectrum of the 10, 15 and 20 Watt LED power bulbs as an energy source to generate electrical energy in monocrystalline mini photovoltaic (PV) cell module. The light spectrum is compared with and without the Fresnel lens before being transmitted to the PV surface. The test results show that the PV output power is much better with a Fresnel lens (4.06> 1.67) mW. The efficiency of PV with lens displays slightly different figures, 3.77% at 15 Watt bulb power, while without Fresnel lenses, PV efficiency is 4.86% with a 20 Watt bulb. Need further research, for example, with Philips brand LED bulbs

scholarly journals A dynamic model for series and parallel resistance of photovoltaic cell using material properties extraction and energy tunnel

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Kotchapong Sumanonta ◽  
Pasist Suwanapingkarl ◽  
Pisit Liutanakul
Keyword(s):  
Series Resistance ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Outdoor Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parallel Resistance ◽  
Novel Model

This article presents a novel model for the equivalent circuit of a photovoltaic module. This circuit consists of the following important parameters: a single diode, series resistance (Rs) and parallel resistance (Rp) that can be directly adjusted according to ambient temperature and the irradiance. The single diode in the circuit is directly related to the ideality factor (m), which represents the relationship between the materials and significant structures of PV module such as mono crystalline, multi crystalline and thin film technology.  Especially, the proposed model in this article is to present the simplified model that can calculate the results of I-V curves faster and more accurate than other methods of the previous models. This can show that the proposed models are more suitable for the practical application. In addition, the results of the proposed model are validated by the datasheet, the practical data in the laboratory (indoor test) and the onsite data (outdoor test). This ensures that the less than 0.1% absolute errors of the model can be accepted.

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