What distinguishes a model of systems engineering from other models of designing? An ontological, data-driven analysis

This paper investigates how the core technical processes of the INCOSE model of systems engineering differ from other models of designing used in the domains of mechanical engineering, software engineering and service design. The study is based on fine-grained datasets produced using mappings of the different models onto the function-behaviour-structure (FBS) ontology. By representing every model uniformly, the same statistical analyses can be carried out independently of the domain of the model. Results of correspondence analysis, cumulative occurrence analysis and Markov model analysis show that the INCOSE model differs from the other models in its increased emphasis on requirements and on behaviours derived from structure, in the uniqueness of its verification and validation phases, and in some patterns related to the temporal development and frequency distributions of FBS design issues.

Influence of Framework Material and Posterior Implant Angulation in Full-Arch All-on-4 Implant-Supported Prosthesis Stress Concentration

This study evaluated the influence of distal implants angulation and framework material in the stress concentration of an All-on-4 full-arch prosthesis. A full-arch implant-supported prosthesis 3D model was created with different distal implant angulations and cantilever arms (30° with 10-millimeter cantilever; 45° with 10-millimeter cantilever and 45° with 6-millimeter cantilever) and framework materials (Cobalt–chrome [CoCr alloy], Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal [Y-TZP] and polyetheretherketone [PEEK]). Each solid was imported to computer-aided engineering software, and tetrahedral elements formed the mesh. Material properties were assigned to each solid with isotropic and homogeneous behavior. The contacts were considered bonded. A vertical load of 200 N was applied in the distal region of the cantilever arm, and stress was evaluated in Von Misses (σVM) for prosthesis components and the Maximum (σMAX) and Minimum (σMIN) Principal Stresses for the bone. Distal implants angled in 45° with a 10-millimeter cantilever arm showed the highest stress concentration for all structures with higher stress magnitudes when the PEEK framework was considered. However, distal implants angled in 45° with a 6-millimeter cantilever arm showed promising mechanical responses with the lowest stress peaks. For the All-on-4 concept, a 45° distal implants angulation is only beneficial if it is possible to reduce the cantilever’s length; otherwise, the use of 30° should be considered. Comparing with PEEK, the YTZP and CoCr concentrated stress in the framework structure, reducing the stress in the prosthetic screw.

Perancangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Android Pada Materi Trigonometri Untuk Peserta Didik Kelas X di SMA Negeri 1 Cipatujah

Media pembelajaran berbasis android ini dirancang melalui enam tahapan yaitu tahapan system/information engineering, software requirement analysis, design, coding implamantation, testing, dan maintance. Media pembelajaran berbasis android ini di gunakan untuk proses pembelajaran mengenai materi sudut pengukuran dan identitas trigonometri. Perancangan media pembelajaran berbasis android dibuat dengan menggunakan Microsoft PowerPoint yang sudah terpasang iSpring Suite versi 9.7.2 dan Website 2 Apk Builder yang berfungsi untuk mengubah file *.pptx menjadi file *.apk untuk bisa di unduh di smartphone. Pembuatan materi menggunakan Microsoft PowerPoint dan membuat soal dengan menggunakan iSpring Suite versi 9.7.2 yang dijadikan sebagai uji kompetensi untuk peserta didik setelah mempelajari materi kemudian di konversikan menggunakan Website 2 Apk Builder. Pengujian menggunakan metode black box, setiap aspek memiliki hasil yang dapat disimpulkan berhasil dan layak untuk diujicobakan ke peserta didik. Uji kelayakan berupa kuesioner dari ahli media memperoleh angka sebesar 39 dengan klasifikasi baik, hasil uji kelayakan dari ahli materi memperoleh angka sebasar 47 denga klasifikasi sangat baik, dan hasil dari respon peserta didik memperoleh angka sebesar 39,63 dengan klasifikasi baik. Hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan layak untuk diujicobakan ke peserta didik jika angka yang diperoleh termasuk kedalam klasifikasi baik. Dengan demikian media pembelajaran berbasis android pada materi trigonometri ini layak untuk digunakan untuk proses pembelajaran.Kata Kunci : Perancangan, Android, Media Pembelajaran

Control education in the software age

According to a commonplace saying, software is eating the world. Is software also eating control engineering? Software is currently transforming many industries including but not limited to automotive aiming at automated mobility services, agriculture moving to Agriculture 4.0, and factory automation with Industry 4.0. Software is simultaneously a flexible and universal functions enabler, and a driver of engineering complexity. At times, it seems that control engineers and software engineers are not understanding each other well enough. This article discusses two key engineering domains adjacent to control, systems and software engineering, covering engineering practice, design data exchange, and education. Finally, it suggests an extension to academic control curricula help to make control graduates even better team players.

Status and Assessment Method of Nuclear Safety Analysis Software in China

In recent years, China’s nuclear power industry has enjoyed a good momentum of development, and related companies have also developed many nuclear analysis software applications. However, as the National Nuclear Safety Administration (NNSA, Chinese nuclear regulatory institution) did not approve any software before 2018, all these software applications were not evaluated formally, so they have not yet been used in reactor safety analysis. In order to solve this problem, in 2018, the National Nuclear Safety Administration started to carry out an engineering applicability evaluation for software developed by Chinese companies. After several years of review, as the first approved Chinese domestic software, core physics analysis software PCM developed by the China General Nuclear Power Group officially passed the software safety evaluation of the China Nuclear Safety Administration. This study will present the basic situation of the development of China’s nuclear power engineering software and introduce the framework, methods, procedures, requirements, and other aspects of China’s software safety evaluation work. The evaluation process and evaluation key issues of PCM software will also be illustrated.

Modelling of Ring-Shaped Compound Ultrasonic Waveguides by Means of Finite Elements Method

The paper describes a technique for modelling and optimization of ring-shaped compound ultrasonic waveguides consisting of two sequentially joined segments of different materials by means of finite elements method. The possibility of using such waveguides for amplifying vibrations in amplitude has been justified in the paper. The advantage of the developed technique consists in possibility of its realization by means of standard engineering software, particularly COMSOL Multiphysics. The correctness and efficiency of the technique is proved by comparing the numerical data with the simulation results by means of transfer matrix method using equations of vibration of Euler – Bernoulli and Timoshenko type. It is shown that in compound ring-shaped waveguides two kinds of vibration modes are possible – variable-sign and constant-sign, moreover only constant-sign modes are of practical interest for amplification of vibration amplitude. Recommendations for selection of optimal geometric parameters of the waveguides are given, particularly it is shown that for ensuring maximum vibration amplification factor it is necessary to choose central angles of the waveguide segments with account for calculated dependence between amplification factor and angle, characterized by presence of several local maxima of the amplification factor. It is noted that the high accuracy of the existing semi-analytical methods for calculating and designing ring-shaped waveguides is achieved using methods based on the application of Timoshenko-type equations of vibration.

Forecasting of excavation problems for high-rise building in Vietnam using planet optimization algorithm

In this paper, a new method in forecasting the horizontal displacement of diaphragm wall (D.W.) for high-rise buildings is introduced. A new stochastic optimizer, called Planet Optimization Algorithm (P.O.A.), is employed to assess how proper finite element (F.E.) simulation is against field data. The process is adopted for a real phased excavation measured at the field. To automatically run the iterative optimization tasks, a source code is constructed directly in the Geotechnical Engineering Software (PLAXIS) by using Python to ensure that the operation between optimization algorithm and F.E. simulations are smooth to guarantee the accuracy of the complex calculation for the soil problem. The proposed process consists of two steps. (1) The parameters will be optimized at the early phases of the excavation. (2) The responses of D.W. displacements are forecasted at the subsequent phases. The aim of the process is to predict the displacements of D.W. of the building from the result of the nearby excavation or to provide early warning about the risks of excavation that may happen under vital phases. The proposed procedure also provides an effective method for optimization-based soil parameters updating in real engineering practice.

An Analysis of Encyclopaedia Citations in University of Auckland Doctor of Philosophy Dissertations (2007 and 2008)

<p>It is currently unknown to what extent encyclopaedias are cited in academic research in New Zealand. To provide preliminary findings on the use of encyclopaedias in university research and offer some evidence relating to the use of collaborative encyclopaedias in academic research, a quantitative empirical study of citations of encyclopaedias in 147 Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Dissertations from the University of Auckland was made. Results included finding citations to encyclopaedias made up a very small (n = 23, or 0.1% in 2007; n = 62, or 0.3% in 2008) proportion of total citations. Of these, traditional style encyclopaedias were more frequently (61%) used than collaborative (39%) style encyclopaedias such as Wikipedia and the Encyclopaedia of Philosophy of Education. Wikipedia, a general, collaborative, and on-line format encyclopaedia, received the highest number of citations (n = 32). By subject, Computer Science and Statistics listed the highest number of 14 citations to Wikipedia; Engineering (Software, Mechanical and Electrical and Electronic) had 8 Wikipedia citations; English, French, Political Studies and Theology received 9 citations; and Nursing included one citation to Wikipedia. With the widely known concerns expressed about the suitability of citing Wikipedia at any level of academic research, it is surprising that this study found (albeit small) a measurable level of citations to Wikipedia in PhD dissertations in New Zealand. The results of this study may be useful to university librarians and faculties in training students before they begin research for higher degrees.</p>

An Analysis of Encyclopaedia Citations in University of Auckland Doctor of Philosophy Dissertations (2007 and 2008)

<p>It is currently unknown to what extent encyclopaedias are cited in academic research in New Zealand. To provide preliminary findings on the use of encyclopaedias in university research and offer some evidence relating to the use of collaborative encyclopaedias in academic research, a quantitative empirical study of citations of encyclopaedias in 147 Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Dissertations from the University of Auckland was made. Results included finding citations to encyclopaedias made up a very small (n = 23, or 0.1% in 2007; n = 62, or 0.3% in 2008) proportion of total citations. Of these, traditional style encyclopaedias were more frequently (61%) used than collaborative (39%) style encyclopaedias such as Wikipedia and the Encyclopaedia of Philosophy of Education. Wikipedia, a general, collaborative, and on-line format encyclopaedia, received the highest number of citations (n = 32). By subject, Computer Science and Statistics listed the highest number of 14 citations to Wikipedia; Engineering (Software, Mechanical and Electrical and Electronic) had 8 Wikipedia citations; English, French, Political Studies and Theology received 9 citations; and Nursing included one citation to Wikipedia. With the widely known concerns expressed about the suitability of citing Wikipedia at any level of academic research, it is surprising that this study found (albeit small) a measurable level of citations to Wikipedia in PhD dissertations in New Zealand. The results of this study may be useful to university librarians and faculties in training students before they begin research for higher degrees.</p>