scholarly journals Development and Commissioning of a Small-Scale, Modular and Integrated Plant for the Quasi-Continuous Production of Crystalline Particles

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Timo Dobler ◽  
Simon Buchheiser ◽  
Marco Gleiß ◽  
Hermann Nirschl
Keyword(s):  
Modular Design ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation ◽  
High Degree

Increasing global competition, volatile markets and the demand for individual products challenge companies in almost all business sectors and require innovative solutions. In the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, these include modular design, the integration of several unit operations in one apparatus and the development of small-scale, versatile multipurpose plants. An example for such a modular, integrated and small-scale system is the belt crystallizer. This device combines the process steps cooling crystallization, solid-liquid separation and contact drying in a single plant. The basis of the apparatus is a belt filter in which the vacuum trays below the filter medium are replaced by temperature control and filtration units. Due to identical dimensions, it is possible to arrange the individual functional units in any order, which in turn allows a high degree of flexibility and rapid adaptation to customer requirements. Within the scope of the publication, the commissioning of the belt crystallizer takes place. First of all, the general functionality of the plant concept is demonstrated using sucrose as model system. Further experiments show that the particle size and the distribution width of the manufactured crystals can be specifically influenced by the selected process parameters, e.g., temperature profile during cooling and residence time.

scholarly journals Froth Production in Potable Water without Chemicals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghanim Hassan ◽  
Robert G. J. Edyvean
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Froth Flotation ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation

Abstract. Froth flotation is a well-known solid-liquid separation technique. Hydrophobicity is the main driving force for such processes. Hydrophobic solids attach to air bubbles and rise up while hydrophilic or less hydrophobic species settle down. Froth can be produced with chemical frothers such as alcohols and polyglycols. However, the use of chemicals limits the use of this separation method in applications such as drinking water, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, developing a technique that produces froth without adding any chemicals would be useful to such industries. This work demonstrates that with suitable operating parameters a 27 cm froth height can be obtained in a 20 cm diameter column by using an air flow rate of 130 l/min.

scholarly journals Rocky pine forests in the High Coast Region in Sweden: structure, dynamics and history

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 101-130
Author(s):  
Jennie Sandström ◽  
Mattias Edman ◽  
Bengt Gunnar Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Human Impact ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Natural Dynamics ◽  
Almost All ◽  
High Degree

Almost all forests in Sweden are managed and only a small fraction are considered natural. One exception is low productive forests where, due to their limited economical value, natural dynamics still dominate. One example is the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests occurring on rocky and nutrient-poor hilltops. Although these forests represent a regionally common forest type with a high degree of naturalness, their dynamics, structure and history are poorly known. We investigated the structure, human impact and fire history in eight rocky pine forests in the High Coast Area in eastern Sweden, initially identified as good representatives of this forest type. This was done by sampling and measuring tree sizes, -ages, fire-scarred trees, as well as dead wood volumes and quality along three transects at each site. The structure was diverse with a sparse layer of trees (basal area 9 m2 and 640 trees larger than 10 cm ha-1) in various sizes and ages; 13 trees ha-1 were more than 300 years old. Dead wood (DW), snags and logs in all stages of decay, was present and although the actual DW (pine) volume (4.4 m3 ha-1) and number of units (53 ha-1) was low, the DW share of total wood volume was 18% on average. Dead wood can be present for several centuries after death; we found examples of both snags and logs that had been dead more than 300 years. Frequent fires have occurred, with an average cycle of 40 years between fires. Most fires occurred between 1500-1900 and many of them (13) during the 1600s. However, fires were probably small since most fire years were only represented at one site and often only in one or a few samples. The rocky pine forests in the High Coast Area are representative of undisturbed forests with low human impact, exhibiting old-growth characteristics and are valuable habitats for organisms connected to sun-exposed DW. Management of protected rocky pine forests may well include small-scale restoration fires and the limited DW volumes should be protected.

scholarly journals Quasi-Continuous Production and Separation of Lysozyme Crystals on an Integrated Laboratory Plant

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Timo Dobler ◽  
Benjamin Radel ◽  
Marco Gleiss ◽  
Hermann Nirschl
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Production ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Process Chain ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Multistage Process ◽  
Filter Cloth ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation ◽  
Lysozyme Crystals ◽  
Complete Process

Vacuum crystallization with subsequent solid–liquid separation is a suitable method to produce and separate the temperature-sensitive protein lysozyme. The conventional process is performed batch-wise and on different devices, which in turn leads to disadvantages in terms of energy efficiency, contamination risk and process control. This publication therefore focuses on the application of the previously multistage process to a quasi-continuous, integrated single plant. The transfer occurs successively and starts with the substitution of the batch vessel by a process chamber. Afterwards, the filtration scale is increased and the formerly deployed membrane is replaced by an industrial filter cloth. Based on the results of these experiments, the complete process chain is successfully transferred to an integrated laboratory plant.

Dynamic cross-flow filtration: enhanced continuous small-scale solid-liquid separation

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 977-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Gursch ◽  
Roland Hohl ◽  
Diana Dujmovic ◽  
Jörg Brozio ◽  
Markus Krumme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Flow ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Liquid Separation ◽  
Cross Flow Filtration ◽  
Flow Filtration ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation

scholarly journals Can quality improvement improve the quality of care? A systematic review of reported effects and methodological rigor in plan-do-study-act projects

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Valgreen Knudsen ◽  
Henrik Vitus Bering Laursen ◽  
Søren Paaske Johnsen ◽  
Paul Daniel Bartels ◽  
Lars Holger Ehlers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
Full Analysis ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Key Features ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background The Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) method is widely used in quality improvement (QI) strategies. However, previous studies have indicated that methodological problems are frequent in PDSA-based QI projects. Furthermore, it has been difficult to establish an association between the use of PDSA and improvements in clinical practices and patient outcomes. The aim of this systematic review was to examine whether recently published PDSA-based QI projects show self-reported effects and are conducted according to key features of the method. Methods A systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed, Embase and CINAHL databases. QI projects using PDSA published in peer-reviewed journals in 2015 and 2016 were included. Projects were assessed to determine the reported effects and the use of the following key methodological features; iterative cyclic method, continuous data collection, small-scale testing and use of a theoretical rationale. Results Of the 120 QI projects included, almost all reported improvement (98%). However, only 32 (27%) described a specific, quantitative aim and reached it. A total of 72 projects (60%) documented PDSA cycles sufficiently for inclusion in a full analysis of key features. Of these only three (4%) adhered to all four key methodological features. Conclusion Even though a majority of the QI projects reported improvements, the widespread challenges with low adherence to key methodological features in the individual projects pose a challenge for the legitimacy of PDSA-based QI. This review indicates that there is a continued need for improvement in quality improvement methodology.

scholarly journals A world threatened by populism. Remarks on security in modern times

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Tomasz Czura
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Simple Consequence ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The People ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All ◽  
High Degree

The article is an attempt to answer the question about the importance of populism in contemporary reflection on security in its broadest sense. The author of these analyses tries to find the reasons for the growing populist trend, which occurs not only in the political dimension, but permeates almost all social life. In the context of such a goal, the connection between populism and ideology and nihilism is shown. As a consequence of the methodological principles adopted, two types of populism were distinguished: ideological and nihilistic. Ideological populism is characterized by a high degree of indeterminacy and makes far-reaching simplifications and generalisations. In this perspective, the enemies of the people are both newcomers, strangers, immigrants, as well as sexual, ethnic and other minorities.Nihilist populism is more depressing. It is based on the recognition of fragmentation as a basic indicator of values. The individual, detached from the wider background, is in a way the programme of populism understood in this way. A simple consequence of nihilistic populism is the uprooting of the individual, which results in consumerist attitudes. In this sense, one can say that nihilistic populism is aimed at justifying consumptionism, i.e. it provides an ideological foundation for the carefree use of material goods.

scholarly journals Influence of Treatments and Covers on NH3 Emissions from Dairy Cow and Buffalo Manure Storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Scotto di Perta ◽  
Antonio Mautone ◽  
Marco Oliva ◽  
Elena Cervelli ◽  
Stefania Pindozzi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Manure Storage ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation ◽  
Surface Crust

The storage of livestock manure is responsible for ammonia emissions into the atmosphere. Different natural covers could be used during animal manure storage, but the mitigation effect is influenced by the manure characteristics due to the housing or treatment systems. Starting from cattle and buffalo manure, the objectives of this study were (i) to assess the effect of anaerobic digestion (AD) and solid–liquid separation (SLS) on ammonia emissions during storage as well as natural crust development and (ii) to investigate the reduction in ammonia emissions by using a layer of straw to cover the stored animal manure. Storage conditions were simulated in a small-scale application in a climate-controlled room. Results showed that the higher organic matter content of cow raw slurry facilitated the surface crust formation starting from the first days of storage. AD with SLS increased ammonia emissions (48.5%) due to the increase of the ammoniacal nitrogen content. On the other hand, animal manure covered with a layer of straw showed a 7.3% reduction of ammonia emissions. This study suggests that treatments and covering strategies must be calibrated to different manure types to enhance the mitigation effect.

scholarly journals Alkaloid diversity in relation to breeding for specifi c alkaloids in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shukla ◽  
H.K. Yadav ◽  
A. Rastogi ◽  
B.K. Mishra ◽  
S.P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Opium Poppy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Space ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
Variation Range ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Morphine Content

Papaver somniferum is a chief source of diverse physiologically active alkaloids, required by the pharmaceutical industry. The present study describes the diversity of the alkaloid spectrum of 122 opium poppy accessions of Indian origin by means of a cluster analysis based on Mahalanobis generalised distances. The accessions could be grouped into 11 clusters according to their relationship between the contents of morphine, codeine, thebaine, narcotine and papaverine in raw opium. The diversity of the alkaloid spectrum of 11 clusters reflected the very low correlations between the contents of the individual alkaloids across the 122 entries, found earlier. The clusters represented almost all possible combinations of the high content of an alkaloid with high or low content of another alkaloid. Although on average the morphine content exceeds the sum of the other four alkaloids, in one cluster the narcotine content (15.3%) was even higher than that of morphine (14.6%) and the content of the remaining alkaloids was also extremely high. The variation range among the clusters was for papaverine between 0.14% to 5.3%, while for morphine between 12.4% to 18.0%. The results indicate a large space for the breeding of opium poppy for individual alkaloids or particular combinations of alkaloids, as required by pharmaceutical industries.

Pilot study of a fluidized-pellet-bed technique for simultaneous solid/liquid separation and sludge thickening in a sewage treatment plant

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.C. Wang ◽  
P.K. Jin ◽  
H.L. Yuan ◽  
E.R. Wang ◽  
N. Tambo
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Upward Flow ◽  
Liquid Separation ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Granular Particles ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation ◽  
Sludge Thickening

A fluidized-pellet-bed separator with movable sludge hoppers was applied in pilot scale for the separation and thickening of activated sludge mixture liquid. Under the condition of suspension SS around 4,000 mg/L, polymer (CJX103, cationic, MW 5 × 106) dose at a dry solid ratio of 0.003 and upward flow rate at 5.4 m/hr, the fluidized pellet bed performed solid/liquid separation and sludge thickening well. The SS concentration of the treated water was about 5 mg/L on average and the moisture content of the sludge after screening for 5 min was less than 94%, which is much lower than that after conventional settling and thickening and easy to be finally disposed. At a higher upward flow rate of 7.2 m/hr, similar results could also be obtained but higher polymer dose (solid ratio of 0.004) was required. The morphological characteristics and density-size relationship of the granular particles formed in the fluidized pellet bed were also investigated by image analysis and settling velocity measurement of individual particles. The two-dimensional fractal dimension was evaluated to be 1.6-1.8, showing a good quasi-spherical morphology of the granular particles with their density much higher than the conventional flocs. The results of the pilot study indicate a possible way to innovate the conventional secondary settling and gravitational thickening processes for solid/liquid separation and sludge handling, especially for small scale wastewater treatment plants to reach the goal of space saving and higher treatment efficiency.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document