scholarly journals Influence of Treatments and Covers on NH3 Emissions from Dairy Cow and Buffalo Manure Storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Scotto di Perta ◽  
Antonio Mautone ◽  
Marco Oliva ◽  
Elena Cervelli ◽  
Stefania Pindozzi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Manure Storage ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation ◽  
Surface Crust

The storage of livestock manure is responsible for ammonia emissions into the atmosphere. Different natural covers could be used during animal manure storage, but the mitigation effect is influenced by the manure characteristics due to the housing or treatment systems. Starting from cattle and buffalo manure, the objectives of this study were (i) to assess the effect of anaerobic digestion (AD) and solid–liquid separation (SLS) on ammonia emissions during storage as well as natural crust development and (ii) to investigate the reduction in ammonia emissions by using a layer of straw to cover the stored animal manure. Storage conditions were simulated in a small-scale application in a climate-controlled room. Results showed that the higher organic matter content of cow raw slurry facilitated the surface crust formation starting from the first days of storage. AD with SLS increased ammonia emissions (48.5%) due to the increase of the ammoniacal nitrogen content. On the other hand, animal manure covered with a layer of straw showed a 7.3% reduction of ammonia emissions. This study suggests that treatments and covering strategies must be calibrated to different manure types to enhance the mitigation effect.

scholarly journals Quality aspects of pepino dulce fruits in distinct ripening stages, packaging forms and storage conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neide Botrel ◽  
Raphael Augusto de Castro e Melo
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Quality Aspects

Abstract Pepino dulce (Solanum muricatum Aiton) or Pepino has been growing to produce edible, juicy and attractive fruits. The imported fruits and national small scale of Pepino dulce production are currently stored and commercialized under the absence of postharvest handling recommendations. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the quality aspects of Pepino dulce fruits in distinct ripening stages, forms of packaging and conditions of storage. The trial was conducted in a 2x2x2 factorial scheme - 2 ripening stages (ripe and immature) x 2 forms of packaging (with and without wrapping in plastic film) x 2 conditions of storage (room: 25 °C ± 2 ºC and 57% ± 5% of relative humidity (RH); cold: under refrigeration 10 °C ± 2 °C and 85% ± 5% of RH) – in a complete randomized block design. Fruit quality attributes, such as vitamin C, chemical and phenolic content, fruit color (mesocarp), firmness, dry matter content, total titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids and pH, were evaluated. Fruits showed a centesimal composition with low calories and a significant content of potassium (K), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg), which can contribute to the daily supply of these elements. For commercialization purposes, the association of packaging (plastic wrapping film) and refrigerated storage (cold: 10 °C ± 2 °C and 85% ± 5% of RH) to maintain the characteristics of fruit quality after a 15 days period is more important than its individual use.

Comparison of alternative farming systems. III. Soil aggregate stability

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Jordahl ◽  
D.L. Karlen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Alternative Farming ◽  
Alternative Practices

AbstractQuantitative studies are needed to separate the real and supposed benefits of alternative farming practices. Our objective was to learn how conventional and alternative practices on adjacent farms in central Iowa affected the water stability of soil aggregates. We collected samples of Clarion loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludoll) from adjacent 16 ha fields in fall 1990 and spring 1991. Aggregate stability was determined by wet-sieving and by measuring turbidity of soil-water suspensions. The combined effects of alternative practices resulted in greater water stability of soil aggregates, higher soil organic matter content, and lower bulk density compared with conventional practices. The components of the alternative system that were mainly responsible for these differences were: rotations that included oat and hay crops; ridge-tillage; and additions of 45 Mg/ha of a mixture of animal manure and municipal sludge during the first 3 years of each 5 year rotation. The more favorable soil physical conditions, shown by increased water stability of soil aggregates, presumably will improve soil water regimes and reduce long-term soil erosion losses from the alternatively managed fields.

Ammonia emissions from liquid manure storages are affected by anaerobic digestion and solid-liquid separation

2018 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hambaliou Baldé ◽  
Andrew C. VanderZaag ◽  
Stephen D. Burtt ◽  
Claudia Wagner-Riddle ◽  
Leigh Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Liquid Manure ◽  
Liquid Separation ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation

Dynamic cross-flow filtration: enhanced continuous small-scale solid-liquid separation

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 977-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Gursch ◽  
Roland Hohl ◽  
Diana Dujmovic ◽  
Jörg Brozio ◽  
Markus Krumme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Flow ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Liquid Separation ◽  
Cross Flow Filtration ◽  
Flow Filtration ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation

Optimal Housing and Manure Management Strategies to Favor Productive and Environment-Friendly Dairy Farms in Québec, Canada: Part II. Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 973-984
Author(s):  
Sébastien Fournel ◽  
Édith Charbonneau ◽  
Simon Binggeli ◽  
Jean-Michel Dion ◽  
Doris Pellerin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Manure Management ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Liquid Separation ◽  
Manure Storage ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation

Abstract. Several strategies are available for mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with dairy manure management in barns, storage units, and fields. For instance, incorporation of manure into the soil, solid-liquid separation, composting, enclosed manure storage, and anaerobic digestion have been identified as good options. However, these strategies are not widely adopted in Canada because clear information on their effectiveness to abate the whole-farm GHG footprint is lacking. Better information on the most cost-effective options for reducing on-farm GHG emissions would assist decision making for dairy producers and foster adoption of the most promising approaches on Canadian dairies. In this context, whole-farm modeling provides a tool for evaluating different GHG abatement strategies. An Excel-based linear optimization model (N-CyCLES) was used to assess the economics and the nutrient and GHG footprints of two representative dairy farms in Québec, Canada. The farms were located in regions with contrasting climates (southwestern and eastern Québec). The model was developed to optimize feeding, cropping, and manure handling as a single unit of management, considering the aforementioned mitigation options. Greenhouse gas emissions from the different simulated milk production systems reached 1.27 to 1.85 kg CO2e kg-1 of corrected milk, allowing GHG reductions of up to 25% compared to the base system described in Part I. Solid-liquid separation had the greatest GHG mitigation potential, followed by the digester-like strategy involving a tight cover for gas burning. However, both options implied a decrease in farm net income. Manure incorporation into the soil and composting were associated with high investment relative to their GHG abatement potential. The most cost-effective option was using a loose cover on the manure storage unit. This approach lessened the manure volume and ammonia-N volatilization, thereby reducing fertilizer and manure spreading costs, increasing crop sales and profit, and enhancing the whole-farm N and GHG footprints. Consequently, covering the manure tanks appears to be an economically viable practice for Québec dairy farms. Keywords: Anaerobic digestion, Composting, Dairy cow, Farm net income, Greenhouse gas emission, Incorporation, Nutrient footprint, Solid-liquid separation, Storage cover, Whole-farm model.

scholarly journals Development and Commissioning of a Small-Scale, Modular and Integrated Plant for the Quasi-Continuous Production of Crystalline Particles

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Timo Dobler ◽  
Simon Buchheiser ◽  
Marco Gleiß ◽  
Hermann Nirschl
Keyword(s):  
Modular Design ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation ◽  
High Degree

Increasing global competition, volatile markets and the demand for individual products challenge companies in almost all business sectors and require innovative solutions. In the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, these include modular design, the integration of several unit operations in one apparatus and the development of small-scale, versatile multipurpose plants. An example for such a modular, integrated and small-scale system is the belt crystallizer. This device combines the process steps cooling crystallization, solid-liquid separation and contact drying in a single plant. The basis of the apparatus is a belt filter in which the vacuum trays below the filter medium are replaced by temperature control and filtration units. Due to identical dimensions, it is possible to arrange the individual functional units in any order, which in turn allows a high degree of flexibility and rapid adaptation to customer requirements. Within the scope of the publication, the commissioning of the belt crystallizer takes place. First of all, the general functionality of the plant concept is demonstrated using sucrose as model system. Further experiments show that the particle size and the distribution width of the manufactured crystals can be specifically influenced by the selected process parameters, e.g., temperature profile during cooling and residence time.

scholarly journals Effects of animal manure upon growth of Cerrado plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Lucas Ferreira ◽  
Mairê Butzer Viñales ◽  
Lucas Lopes e Silva ◽  
Luciola Santos Lannes
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Plant Functional Groups ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Invasive Grass ◽  
Invasive Grasses

Through excretion, animals return to the soil part of the nutrients they ingest. This input can be an alternative to artificial inorganic fertilization aiming at increasing soil nutrient concentrations in degraded areas that are prone to restoration. In nutrient-poor soils, the addition of animal manure can promote increases in soil fertility, but studies assessing its effects upon plant communities are meager. This study aims at checking whether the addition of manure originated from livestock promotes plant growth increase and enzyme activity in Cerrado native plants of different functional groups as a way to subsidize processes of environmental recuperation in degraded areas using organic fertilization of an easily available source, as animal manure. The experiment was conducted in a screenhouse through a completely randomized design with four manure and six species treatments with three replicates. Manure treatments used were control, cattle, sheep and goat manure. The plant species selected belonged to main Cerrado herbaceous functional groups – two naturalized grasses, two alien invasive grasses, a legume herb and a Malvaceae herb. Phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, and N:P ratios varied according to the type of manure. Soil organic matter content, phosphorus and potassium concentrations increased upon manure addition. Different manure types promoted various effects in height, biomass and acid phosphatase activity amongst the plants. Goat and cattle manure positively influenced Urochloa decumbens, an exotic invasive grass living in the Cerrado, whereas sheep manure addition promoted increase of non-invasive grasses. These results show that animal manure can promote better nutrient conditions for plants living in degraded areas, but the selection of the manure type for application in restoration projects aiming at aiding plant growth in Cerrado degraded areas will depend on the purpose of the project because different dung types benefit different plant functional groups.

scholarly journals First Report of Transmission of Verticillium dahliae by Infested Manure in Olive Orchards in Andalucia (Southern Spain)

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 1178-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Lopez-Escudero ◽  
M. A. Blanco-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
First Report ◽  
Before And After

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is a traditional tree crop in Andalucia, southern Spain. Over the past several years, new plantations have been established in areas where other crops susceptible to Verticillium dahliae, such as cotton, sunflower, and vegetables, usually have been grown. Surveys performed from 1989 to 1996 showed that Verticillium wilt, caused by V. dahliae, has become the most important soilborne fungal disease affecting young olive trees in this area (3). Manure is sometime used as a soil amendment before and after tree planting to increase organic matter content of soil. In 1996, manure was used to establish an olive plantation in Sevilla Province. The dung came from sheep fed on harvested fields of cotton, sunflower, and sugar beet. The remaining manure was left in a pile in the field. In 1998, 2 years after planting, many olive plants in the field showed Verticillium wilt symptoms. Samples were collected from the soil and the surfaces and core of the manure pile for isolation and quantitative assessment of the pathogen. Wet-sieving and sodium pectate agar selective medium were used (1). V. dahliae was isolated from both the manure and soil. Mean inoculum density in the samples taken from the pile and soil were 8.4 and 7.2 microsclerotia per gram, respectively. Although it has been demonstrated that V. albo-atrum survives the digestive process in animals (2), this is the first report on dispersion of V. dahliae by manure from sheep fed on infested stubble. The use of manure infested with V. dahliae may contribute to pathogen dispersion and to the increase in Verticillium wilt incidence in olive orchards in Andalucia. Because animal manure is a potential means for V. dahliae transmission, it is recommended that before manure is applied tests be performed, when feasible, to make sure it is pathogen-free. References: (1) E. J. Butterfield and J. E DeVay Phytopathology 67:1073, 1977. (2) H. C. Huang et al. Plant Dis. 70:218, 1986. (3) M. E. Sanchez Hernandez et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 104: 347, 1998.

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