scholarly journals A Review on Impedimetric and Voltammetric Analysis Based on Polypyrrole Conducting Polymers for Electrochemical Sensing Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2728
Author(s):  
Nurul Akmaliah Dzulkurnain ◽  
Marliyana Mokhtar ◽  
Jahwarhar Izuan Abdul Rashid ◽  
Victor Feizal Knight ◽  
Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Electrochemical Analysis ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Voltammetric Analysis ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Sensing Material

Conducting polymers have been widely used in electrochemical sensors as receptors of the sensing signal’s analytes and transducers. Polypyrrole (PPy) conducting polymers are highlighted due to their good electrical conductive properties, ease in preparation, and flexibility of surface characteristics. The objective of this review paper is to discuss the theoretical background of the two main types of electrochemical detection: impedimetric and voltammetric analysis. It also reviews the application and results obtained from these two electrochemical detections when utilizing PPy as a based sensing material in electrochemical sensor. Finally, related aspects in electrochemical sensor construction using PPy will also be discussed. It is anticipated that this review will provide researchers, especially those without an electrochemical analysis background, with an easy-to-understand summary of the concepts and technologies used in electrochemical sensor research, particularly those interested in utilizing PPy as a based sensing material.

Well-defined polyindole–Au NPs nanobrush as a platform for electrochemical oxidation of ethanol

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Warczak ◽  
Marianna Gniadek ◽  
Kamil Hermanowski ◽  
Magdalena Osial
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Hybrid Material ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Energy Conversion Devices

Abstract Over the recent decades, conducting polymers have received great interest in many fields including microelectronics, energy conversion devices, and biosensing due to their unique properties like electrical conductivity, stability, and simple synthesis. Modification of conducting polymers with noble metals e.g. gold enhances their properties and opens new opportunities to also apply them in other fields like electrocatalysis. Here, we focus on the synthesis of hybrid material based on polyindole (PIN) nanobrush modified with gold nanoparticles and its application towards electrooxidation of ethanol. The paper presents systematic studies from synthesis to electrochemical sensing applications. For the characterization of PIN–Au composites, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses were used. The electrocatalytic performance of the proposed hybrid material towards alcohol oxidation was studied in alkaline media by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. The results show that PIN–Au hybrid can be employed as an effective and sensitive platform for the detection of alcohols, which makes it a promising material in electrocatalysis or sensors. Moreover, the proposed composite exhibits electrocatalytic activity towards ethanol oxidation, which combined with its good long-term stability opens the opportunity for its application in fuel cells.

scholarly journals Utilising Commercially Fabricated Printed Circuit Boards as an Electrochemical Biosensing Platform

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 793
Author(s):  
Uroš Zupančič ◽  
Joshua Rainbow ◽  
Pedro Estrela ◽  
Despina Moschou
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensing ◽  
Pre Treatment

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) offer a promising platform for the development of electronics-assisted biomedical diagnostic sensors and microsystems. The long-standing industrial basis offers distinctive advantages for cost-effective, reproducible, and easily integrated sample-in-answer-out diagnostic microsystems. Nonetheless, the commercial techniques used in the fabrication of PCBs produce various contaminants potentially degrading severely their stability and repeatability in electrochemical sensing applications. Herein, we analyse for the first time such critical technological considerations, allowing the exploitation of commercial PCB platforms as reliable electrochemical sensing platforms. The presented electrochemical and physical characterisation data reveal clear evidence of both organic and inorganic sensing electrode surface contaminants, which can be removed using various pre-cleaning techniques. We demonstrate that, following such pre-treatment rules, PCB-based electrodes can be reliably fabricated for sensitive electrochemical biosensors. Herein, we demonstrate the applicability of the methodology both for labelled protein (procalcitonin) and label-free nucleic acid (E. coli-specific DNA) biomarker quantification, with observed limits of detection (LoD) of 2 pM and 110 pM, respectively. The proposed optimisation of surface pre-treatment is critical in the development of robust and sensitive PCB-based electrochemical sensors for both clinical and environmental diagnostics and monitoring applications.

scholarly journals Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Combined with Electrochemical Sensors for Food Contaminants Analysis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4607
Author(s):  
Dounia Elfadil ◽  
Abderrahman Lamaoui ◽  
Flavio Della Pelle ◽  
Aziz Amine ◽  
Dario Compagnone
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrochemical Analysis ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Food Contaminants ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Imprinted Polymers

Detection of relevant contaminants using screening approaches is a key issue to ensure food safety and respect for the regulatory limits established. Electrochemical sensors present several advantages such as rapidity; ease of use; possibility of on-site analysis and low cost. The lack of selectivity for electrochemical sensors working in complex samples as food may be overcome by coupling them with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). MIPs are synthetic materials that mimic biological receptors and are produced by the polymerization of functional monomers in presence of a target analyte. This paper critically reviews and discusses the recent progress in MIP-based electrochemical sensors for food safety. A brief introduction on MIPs and electrochemical sensors is given; followed by a discussion of the recent achievements for various MIPs-based electrochemical sensors for food contaminants analysis. Both electropolymerization and chemical synthesis of MIP-based electrochemical sensing are discussed as well as the relevant applications of MIPs used in sample preparation and then coupled to electrochemical analysis. Future perspectives and challenges have been eventually given.

Development of Au-Pd@UiO-66-on-ZIF-L/CC as a self-supported electrochemical sensor for in situ monitoring of cellular hydrogen peroxide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jilin Zheng ◽  
Peng Zhao ◽  
Shiying Zhou ◽  
Sha Chen ◽  
Yi Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Metal Organic

Integrating metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) of different components or structures together and exploiting them as electrochemical sensors for electrochemical sensing have aroused great interest. And the incorporation of noble metals with...

scholarly journals THE USE OF COPPER INDICATOR ELECTRODES IN VOLTAMMETRIC ANALYSIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 26-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Yu. Martynov ◽  
O. A. Naumova ◽  
N. K. Zaytsev ◽  
I. Yu. Lovchinovsky
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Electrochemical Analysis ◽  
Voltammetric Analysis ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Copper Electrodes ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Solid Electrodes

The review describes the application of solid electrodes based on copper for voltammetric analysis of major classes of organic and inorganic substances over the last fifty years. Despite the fact that there are many reviews of individual solid electrodes this review offers the first comprehensive report on all forms of copper electrodes. The advantages and disadvantages of copper electrodes in comparison with electrodes made of other metals are discussed. Varieties of copper electrodes, their basic physico-chemical properties and some specific characteristics of their surface are described. The electrochemical behavior of copper in aqueous solutions and electrocatalytic mechanisms of transformations of matter on its surface are reported. Examples of the use of electrochemical copper sensors for flow-injection analysis and liquid chromatography are given. Recent trends of the use of copper micro- and nanostructured electrodes in electrochemical analysis are reviewed. The prospects of using copper as a material for the creation of new electrochemical sensors are shown.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Sensing for Examining Vitamin D3 based on MIP using NOVA 1.7 and Autolab PGSTAT 302N

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saveri Singh ◽  
Naresh Batra ◽  
MA Ansari ◽  
Shabana Urooj
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Great Sensitivity ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Sudden Increase

Introduction: An electrochemical sensor has the ability to transform the associated data containing electrochemical reactions into a reliable representative signal. The electrochemical sensors can be classified into potentiometric, conductometric, and ampere-metric or Volta-metric. Although, there are various electrochemical techniques for the detection of Vitamin D3, there is still a need for a simplified and cost-effective method. An electrochemical sensor provides great sensitivity towards the detection of the analyte. Aim: To fabricate an electrochemical sensor for the detection of Vitamin D3. The sensor used Molecular Imprinted Polymer (MIP) based Screen Printed Carbon Electrode (SPCE). Materials and Methods: The SPCE used was a three-electrode system consisting of silver working electrode, silver reference electrode and a counter carbon electrode. The reagents used in the experiment was p-Phenylenediamine, resorcinol and Vitamin D3 that were applied in a particular amount onto the SPCE. The process of electropolymerisation was carried out in order to form a non-conductive layer. Cavities were gradually formed on the surface of SPCE. A mediator was used to obtain reliable results for the detection of Vitamin D3. It is evident from the existing literature that the number of scans of electropolymerisation holds a significant role in this process. The procedure was applied for the formation of non-imprinted electrode in the absence of the analyte. Results: The presence of the template i.e., Vitamin D3 was recorded using the developed electrochemical sensor. The current decreased on rebinding of Vitamin D3 which resulted in the change of redox peak of ferricyanide. This signified the sudden increase in concentration of Vitamin D3 specifying its presence. Conclusion: The results obtained specifies the great sensitivity of the electrochemical sensor towards the template i.e., vitamin D3. The clinical relevance of such electrochemical sensors is that they produce simple, accurate and reproducible results which can be used to optimise the care of patients.

scholarly journals Carbon Nanotube Electroactive Polymer Materials: Opportunities and Challenges

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangti Qu ◽  
Qiang Peng ◽  
Liming Dai ◽  
Geoffrey M. Spinks ◽  
Gordon G. Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Electroactive Polymer ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Sensing Applications

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) with macroscopically ordered structures (e.g., aligned or patterned mats, fibers, and sheets) and associated large surface areas have proven promising as new CNT electroactive polymer materials (CNT-EAPs) for the development of advanced chemical and biological sensors. The functionalization of CNTs with many biological species to gain specific surface characteristics and to facilitate electron transfer to and from them for chemical- and bio-sensing applications is an area of intense research activity.Mechanical actuation generated by CNT-EAPs is another exciting electroactive function provided by these versatile materials. Controlled mechanical deformation for actuation has been demonstrated in CNT mats, fibers, sheets, and individual nanotubes. This article summarizes the current status and technological challenges for the development of electrochemical sensors and electromechanical actuators based on carbon nanotube electroactive materials.

scholarly journals Mo-Based Layered Nanostructures for the Electrochemical Sensing of Biomolecules

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5404
Author(s):  
Rayhane Zribi ◽  
Giovanni Neri
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Layered Compounds ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Layered Nanostructures ◽  
2D Nanomaterials

Mo-based layered nanostructures are two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with outstanding characteristics and very promising electrochemical properties. These materials comprise nanosheets of molybdenum (Mo) oxides (MoO2 and MoO3), dichalcogenides (MoS2, MoSe2, MoTe2), and carbides (MoC2), which find application in electrochemical devices for energy storage and generation. In this feature paper, we present the most relevant characteristics of such Mo-based layered compounds and their use as electrode materials in electrochemical sensors. In particular, the aspects related to synthesis methods, structural and electronic characteristics, and the relevant electrochemical properties, together with applications in the specific field of electrochemical biomolecule sensing, are reviewed. The main features, along with the current status, trends, and potentialities for biomedical sensing applications, are described, highlighting the peculiar properties of Mo-based 2D-nanomaterials in this field.

Electrochemical Sensors Based on Architectural Diversity of the ?-Conjugated Structure: Recent Advancements from Conducting Polymers and Carbon Nanotubes

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Dai
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Carbon Fibres ◽  
Recent Developments

Conjugated conducting polymers and carbon nanotubes, both of which possess a conjugated structure of alternating carbon–carbon single and double bonds for the delocalization of π-electrons, are two important classes of electrochemical sensing materials. The combination of carbon nanotubes with conducting polymers or other functional materials (e.g., DNA chains, proteins, metal nanoparticles, carbon fibres) was found to create synergetic effects, that provide the basis for the development of numerous novel sensors with a high sensitivity, good selectivity, excellent environmental stability, and low power consumption. This article reviews recent developments in this exciting new area of electrochemical sensing by presenting the rational strategy of the author’s group in the design and characterization of these new electrochemical sensors based on architectural diversity of the π-conjugated structure.

Carbon Nanotubes, Nanofibers and Nanospikes for Electrochemical Sensing: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (03) ◽  
pp. 1740008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysha S. Shanta ◽  
Khandakar A. Al Mamun ◽  
Syed K. Islam ◽  
Nicole McFarlane ◽  
Dale K. Hensley
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Defect Sites ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Bonding Properties

The structural and material properties of carbon based sensors have spurred their use in biosensing applications. Carbon electrodes are advantageous for electrochemical sensors due to their increased electroactive surface areas, enhanced electron transfer, and increased adsorption of target molecules. The bonding properties of carbon allows it to form a variety of crystal structures. This paper performs a comparative review of carbon nanostructures for electrochemical sensing applications. The review specifically compares carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon nanofibers (CNF), and carbon nanospikes (CNS). These carbon nanostructures possess defect sites and oxygen functional groups that aid in electron transfer and adsorption processes.

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