scholarly journals Mo-Based Layered Nanostructures for the Electrochemical Sensing of Biomolecules

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5404
Author(s):  
Rayhane Zribi ◽  
Giovanni Neri
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Layered Compounds ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Layered Nanostructures ◽  
2D Nanomaterials

Mo-based layered nanostructures are two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with outstanding characteristics and very promising electrochemical properties. These materials comprise nanosheets of molybdenum (Mo) oxides (MoO2 and MoO3), dichalcogenides (MoS2, MoSe2, MoTe2), and carbides (MoC2), which find application in electrochemical devices for energy storage and generation. In this feature paper, we present the most relevant characteristics of such Mo-based layered compounds and their use as electrode materials in electrochemical sensors. In particular, the aspects related to synthesis methods, structural and electronic characteristics, and the relevant electrochemical properties, together with applications in the specific field of electrochemical biomolecule sensing, are reviewed. The main features, along with the current status, trends, and potentialities for biomedical sensing applications, are described, highlighting the peculiar properties of Mo-based 2D-nanomaterials in this field.

scholarly journals Graphene Quantum Dots-Based Nanocomposites Applied in Electrochemical Sensors: A Recent Survey

Electrochem ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-519
Author(s):  
Murilo H. M. Facure ◽  
Rodrigo Schneider ◽  
Jessica B. S. Lima ◽  
Luiza A. Mercante ◽  
Daniel S. Correa
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Sensing Platforms ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
2D Nanomaterials

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been widely investigated in recent years due to their outstanding physicochemical properties. Their remarkable characteristics allied to their capability of being easily synthesized and combined with other materials have allowed their use as electrochemical sensing platforms. In this work, we survey recent applications of GQDs-based nanocomposites in electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Firstly, the main characteristics and synthesis methods of GQDs are addressed. Next, the strategies generally used to obtain the GQDs nanocomposites are discussed. Emphasis is given on the applications of GQDs combined with distinct 0D, 1D, 2D nanomaterials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), ionic liquids, as well as other types of materials, in varied electrochemical sensors and biosensors for detecting analytes of environmental, medical, and agricultural interest. We also discuss the current trends and challenges towards real applications of GQDs in electrochemical sensors.

scholarly journals Utilising Commercially Fabricated Printed Circuit Boards as an Electrochemical Biosensing Platform

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 793
Author(s):  
Uroš Zupančič ◽  
Joshua Rainbow ◽  
Pedro Estrela ◽  
Despina Moschou
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensing ◽  
Pre Treatment

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) offer a promising platform for the development of electronics-assisted biomedical diagnostic sensors and microsystems. The long-standing industrial basis offers distinctive advantages for cost-effective, reproducible, and easily integrated sample-in-answer-out diagnostic microsystems. Nonetheless, the commercial techniques used in the fabrication of PCBs produce various contaminants potentially degrading severely their stability and repeatability in electrochemical sensing applications. Herein, we analyse for the first time such critical technological considerations, allowing the exploitation of commercial PCB platforms as reliable electrochemical sensing platforms. The presented electrochemical and physical characterisation data reveal clear evidence of both organic and inorganic sensing electrode surface contaminants, which can be removed using various pre-cleaning techniques. We demonstrate that, following such pre-treatment rules, PCB-based electrodes can be reliably fabricated for sensitive electrochemical biosensors. Herein, we demonstrate the applicability of the methodology both for labelled protein (procalcitonin) and label-free nucleic acid (E. coli-specific DNA) biomarker quantification, with observed limits of detection (LoD) of 2 pM and 110 pM, respectively. The proposed optimisation of surface pre-treatment is critical in the development of robust and sensitive PCB-based electrochemical sensors for both clinical and environmental diagnostics and monitoring applications.

scholarly journals Application of biosynthesized metal nanoparticles in electrochemical sensors

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-77
Author(s):  
Totka Dodevska ◽  
Dobrin Hadzhiev ◽  
Ivan Shterev ◽  
Yanna Lazarova
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Range Limit ◽  
Wide Range

Recently, the development of eco-friendly, cost-effective and reliable methods for synthesis of metal nanoparticles has drawn a considerable attention. The so-called green synthesis, using mild reaction conditions and natural resources as plant extracts and microorganisms, has established as a convenient, sustainable, cheap and environmentally safe approach for synthesis of a wide range of nanomaterials. Over the past decade, biosynthesis is regarded as an important tool for reducing the harmful effects of traditional nanoparticle synthesis methods commonly used in laboratories and industry. This review emphasizes the significance of biosynthesized metal nanoparticles in the field of electrochemical sensing. There is increasing evidence that green synthesis of nanoparticles provides a new direction in designing of cost-effective, highly sensitive and selective electrode-catalysts applicable in food, clinical and environmental analysis. The article is based on 157 references and provided a detailed overview on the main approaches for green synthesis of metal nanoparticles and their applications in designing of electrochemical sensor devices. Important operational characteristics including sensitivity, dynamic range, limit of detection, as well as data on stability and reproducibility of sensors have also been covered. Keywords: biosynthesis; green synthesis; nanomaterials; nanotechnology; modified electrodes

Assessing the Stability of Inkjet-Printed Carbon Nanotube for Brine Sensing Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 7644-7652
Author(s):  
Khalid Marbou ◽  
Waqas Gil ◽  
Amal Al Ghaferi ◽  
Irfan Saadat ◽  
Khalid Alhammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Resistance Change ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oil Gas ◽  
Electrical Resistance Change

In hostile environments, sensing is critical for many industries such as chemical and oil/gas. Within this industry, the deposition of scales or minerals on various infrastructure components (e.g., pipelines) forms a reliability hazard that needs to be monitored. Therefore, the approach adopted in this study to tackle this issue relies on the use of real-time sensing of specific ions in brine, the natural trigger for ions deposition. In order to do so, electrochemical sensors based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are developed, taking advantage of their unique properties facilitated by different synthesis and fabrication methods. One of these promising synthesis methods is inkjet printing of CNT films since in general, it has exceptional benefits over other approaches that are used to print CNTs. Furthermore, it does not need the use templates. In addition, it is a very fast technique with consistent printing results for many applications along with very low cost on various shapes/formfactors. As these sensors are exposed to a hostile environment (chemical, temperature, etc.), the stability of the CNT films is of great importance. In this study, a comprehensive investigation of the stability of CNT surfaces upon exposure to elements is presented. Accordingly, the several impacts of this interaction on physical properties of the surfaces as a function of interaction time and brine chemical composition are assessed. Moreover, the approach used for investigating the impact of this exposure involves the following: surface electrical resistance change using four probe measurements; surface roughness/topography using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) along Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM); quality of CNT through Raman spectroscopy and wettability using the sessile drop method. The sensing capabilities of the devices are investigated by looking at the sensing selectivity of target ions, resetting capabilities, and sensing sensitivity manifested in the electrical resistance change. Consequently, our results indicate that while inkjet films are very promising sensor material, the fabrication and long term stability require further optimization of the films along with the process to make them meet reliability and lifetime requirements in the oil/gas hostile operational environments.

scholarly journals Photo-Electrochemical Properties of CuO–TiO2 Heterojunctions for Glucose Sensing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Maria Tobaldi ◽  
Claudia Espro ◽  
salvarore gianluca leonardi ◽  
Luc Lajaunie ◽  
Maria Paula Seabra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Glucose Sensing ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Halogen Lamp ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Efficient Detection

<p>Electrochemical sensors for monitoring biochemical substances are attracting considerable attention. These devices are usually based on enzymes that are sensitive and very specific. Still, the activity of those enzymes is lost with changes in temperature or pH. Non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors – fabricated <i>via</i> the modification of the electrode surface with metal oxide nanoparticles – are a judicious answer. In this study, we investigated the photo-electrochemical properties of CuO–TiO<sub>2</sub> heterojunctions for glucose sensing in alkaline media. A combination of high-resolution (scanning) transmission electron microscopy, spatially resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction, was used to study in detail the microstructures of the prepared specimens. These results highlighted the strong intertwining between the TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles and the Cu-based nanoparticles, which present a metallic core with a CuO rich surface. In addition, we showed that CuO, joint to TiO<sub>2</sub>, has smaller size compared to pure CuO, which entails larger surface area available for the glucose electro-oxidation, which consequently enhanced the electrochemical features. The influence of Cu loading over the sensing performance of TiO<sub>2</sub> was examined in detail carrying out electrochemical sensing tests under dark, laboratory and halogen lamp irradiation. Results demonstrated that, under halogen lamp irradiation, modified CuO–TiO<sub>2</sub> electrodes showed a higher specific response signal than that of pure CuO. Those increased photo-electrochemical properties in CuO–TiO<sub>2</sub> heterojunctions are likely due to a synergistic effect between the microstructural characteristics and effective separation of photo-generated exciton created at the heterojunction interface. Results of this study offer applicable guidelines for designing photo-electrochemical screen-printed electrodes based on nano-sized CuO on titania for an efficient detection of glucose.</p>

scholarly journals Cost Effective Synthesis of Graphene Nanomaterials for Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensors for Glucose: A Comprehensive Review

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Georgia Balkourani ◽  
Theodoros Damartzis ◽  
Angeliki Brouzgou ◽  
Panagiotis Tsiakaras
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Synthesis Methods

The high conductivity of graphene material (or its derivatives) and its very large surface area enhance the direct electron transfer, improving non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors sensitivity and its other characteristics. The offered large pores facilitate analyte transport enabling glucose detection even at very low concentration values. In the current review paper we classified the enzymeless graphene-based glucose electrocatalysts’ synthesis methods that have been followed into the last few years into four main categories: (i) direct growth of graphene (or oxides) on metallic substrates, (ii) in-situ growth of metallic nanoparticles into graphene (or oxides) matrix, (iii) laser-induced graphene electrodes and (iv) polymer functionalized graphene (or oxides) electrodes. The increment of the specific surface area and the high degree reduction of the electrode internal resistance were recognized as their common targets. Analyzing glucose electrooxidation mechanism over Cu- Co- and Ni-(oxide)/graphene (or derivative) electrocatalysts, we deduced that glucose electrochemical sensing properties, such as sensitivity, detection limit and linear detection limit, totally depend on the route of the mass and charge transport between metal(II)/metal(III); and so both (specific area and internal resistance) should have the optimum values.

scholarly journals A Review on Impedimetric and Voltammetric Analysis Based on Polypyrrole Conducting Polymers for Electrochemical Sensing Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2728
Author(s):  
Nurul Akmaliah Dzulkurnain ◽  
Marliyana Mokhtar ◽  
Jahwarhar Izuan Abdul Rashid ◽  
Victor Feizal Knight ◽  
Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Electrochemical Analysis ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Voltammetric Analysis ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Sensing Material

Conducting polymers have been widely used in electrochemical sensors as receptors of the sensing signal’s analytes and transducers. Polypyrrole (PPy) conducting polymers are highlighted due to their good electrical conductive properties, ease in preparation, and flexibility of surface characteristics. The objective of this review paper is to discuss the theoretical background of the two main types of electrochemical detection: impedimetric and voltammetric analysis. It also reviews the application and results obtained from these two electrochemical detections when utilizing PPy as a based sensing material in electrochemical sensor. Finally, related aspects in electrochemical sensor construction using PPy will also be discussed. It is anticipated that this review will provide researchers, especially those without an electrochemical analysis background, with an easy-to-understand summary of the concepts and technologies used in electrochemical sensor research, particularly those interested in utilizing PPy as a based sensing material.

scholarly journals Carbon Nanotube Electroactive Polymer Materials: Opportunities and Challenges

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangti Qu ◽  
Qiang Peng ◽  
Liming Dai ◽  
Geoffrey M. Spinks ◽  
Gordon G. Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Electroactive Polymer ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Sensing Applications

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) with macroscopically ordered structures (e.g., aligned or patterned mats, fibers, and sheets) and associated large surface areas have proven promising as new CNT electroactive polymer materials (CNT-EAPs) for the development of advanced chemical and biological sensors. The functionalization of CNTs with many biological species to gain specific surface characteristics and to facilitate electron transfer to and from them for chemical- and bio-sensing applications is an area of intense research activity.Mechanical actuation generated by CNT-EAPs is another exciting electroactive function provided by these versatile materials. Controlled mechanical deformation for actuation has been demonstrated in CNT mats, fibers, sheets, and individual nanotubes. This article summarizes the current status and technological challenges for the development of electrochemical sensors and electromechanical actuators based on carbon nanotube electroactive materials.

Electrochemical Sensing Properties of Ultra Long Aligned Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Microelectrodes

2006 ◽  
Vol 963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niramol Punbusayakul ◽  
Lijie Ci ◽  
Saikat Talapatra ◽  
Werasak Surareungchai ◽  
Pulickel M. Ajayan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Cyclic Voltammogram ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Low Concentrations

ABSTRACTWe report on the electrochemical properties of ultra long aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) bundles synthesized using water-assisted chemical vapor deposition process. Cyclic voltammogram with diffusion-controlled-reversible reaction obtained at MWNT electrodes in 10 mM K3(Fe(CN)6) /0.1 M KCl solution with varying scan rates indicates that radial diffusion mass transport is dominant at these electrodes. We further show that these electrodes can detect very low concentrations of ascorbic acid (AA) and dopamine (DA) (0.7 μM for AA and 1.87 μM for DA ). The excellent electrochemical properties along with nice performance for single species detection suggest that these MWNTs are promising electrode materials for developing high sensitive chemical and/or biological sensors.

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