scholarly journals PVDF Fibers Modification by Nitrate Salts Doping

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2439
Author(s):  
Dinara Sobola ◽  
Pavel Kaspar ◽  
Klára Částková ◽  
Rashid Dallaev ◽  
Nikola Papež ◽  
...  

The method of inclusion of various additives into a polymer depends highly on the material in question and the desired effect. In the case of this paper, nitride salts were introduced into polyvinylidene fluoride fibers prepared by electrospinning. The resulting changes in the structural, chemical and electrical properties of the samples were observed and compared using SEM-EDX, DSC, XPS, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and electrical measurements. The observed results displayed a grouping of parameters by electronegativity and possibly the molecular mass of the additive salts. We virtually demonstrated elimination of the presence of the γ-phase by addition of Mg(NO3)2, Ca(NO3)2, and Zn(NO3)2 salts. The trend of electrical properties to follow the electronegativity of the nitrate salt cation is demonstrated. The performed measurements of nitrate salt inclusions into PVDF offer a new insight into effects of previously unstudied structures of PVDF composites, opening new potential possibilities of crystalline phase control of the composite and use in further research and component design.

2007 ◽  
Vol 1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bopha Chhay ◽  
Renato Amaral Minamisawa ◽  
Daryush ILA

AbstractGlassy polymeric carbon (GPC) has a unique graphite micro-fibril structure that attributes singular properties to the material. The addition of nanoparticles in the GPC matrix to improve its properties has been the focus of recent studies for spacecraft coating applications. We report the effects of Al2O3 nanoparticles dispersed in GPC on the electrical properties. The fabrication process to produce homogenous samples and the electrical measurements are fully described. In addition, the chemical structure characterization was evaluated using Raman spectroscopy.


Author(s):  
Jifeng Chen ◽  
Peilin Song ◽  
Thomas M. Shaw ◽  
Franco Stellari ◽  
Lynne Gignac ◽  
...  

Abstract In this paper, we propose a new methodology and test system to enable the early detection and precise localization of Time-Dependent-Dielectric-Breakdown (TDDB) occurrence in Back-End-of-Line (BEOL) interconnection. The methodology is implemented as a novel Integrated Reliability Test System (IRTS). In particular, through our methodology and test system, we can easily synchronize electrical measurements and emission microscopy images to gather more accurate information and thereby gain insight into the nature of the defects and their relationship to chip manufacturing steps and materials, so that we can ultimately better engineer these steps for higher reliable systems. The details of our IRTS will be presented along with a case study and preliminary analysis results.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Jonas Keukelier ◽  
Karl Opsomer ◽  
Thomas Nuytten ◽  
Stefanie Sergeant ◽  
Wouter Devulder ◽  
...  

Raman spectroscopy and electrical measurements are performed on sputtered GexSe1−x thin films to identify and link bond presence to electrical behaviour.


Nanoscale ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (40) ◽  
pp. 16952-16959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaige Zhang ◽  
Gongke Li ◽  
Yuling Hu

The surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technique is of great importance for insight into the transient reaction intermediates and mechanistic pathways involved in heterogeneously catalyzed chemical reactions under actual reaction conditions, especially in water.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinzent Strobel ◽  
Julian Jonathan Schuster ◽  
Andreas Siegfried Braeuer ◽  
Lydia Katharina Vogt ◽  
Henrik Junge ◽  
...  

A combination of operando Raman spectroscopy with online GC and volume-flow monitoring allows rapid insight into low-temperature methanol reforming.


1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Arsenault ◽  
D. E. Brodie

Zn-rich and P-rich amorphous Zn3P2 thin films were prepared by co-evaporation of the excess element during the normal Zn3P2 deposition. X-ray diffraction techniques were used to investigate the structural properties and the crystallization process. Agglomeration of the excess element within the as-made amorphous Zn3P2 thin film accounted for the structural properties observed after annealing the sample. Electrical measurements showed that excess Zn reduces the conductivity activation energy and increases the conductivity, while excess P up to 15 at.% does not alter the electrical properties significantly.


1999 ◽  
Vol 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Saher Helmy ◽  
A.C. Bryce ◽  
C.N. Ironside ◽  
J.S. Aitchison ◽  
J.H. Marsh ◽  
...  

AbstractIn this paper we shall discuss techniques for accurate, non-destructive, optical characterisation of structures fabricated using quantum well intermixing (QWI). Spatially resolved photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterise the lateral bandgap profiles produced by impurity free vacancy disordering (IFVD) technology. Different features were used to examine the spatial resolution of the intermixing process. Features include 1:1 gratings as well as isolated stripes. From the measurements, the spatial selectivity of IFVD could be identified, and was found to be ∼4.5 μm, in contrast with the spatial resolution of the process of sputtering induced intermixing, which was found to be ∼2.5 μm. In addition, PL measurements on 1:1 gratings fabricated using IFVD show almost complete suppression of intermixing dielectric cap gratings with periods less than 10 microns. Finally, some insight into the limitations and merits of PL and Raman for the precision characterisation of QWI will be presented.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Uk Lee ◽  
Jin Yeong Jeong ◽  
Ji Woong Han ◽  
Gi-Chung Kwon ◽  
Pankaj Attri ◽  
...  

Conducting polymer has many applications in electronics, optical devices, sensors, and so on; however, there is still a massive scope of improvement in this area. Therefore, towards this aim, in this study, we synthesized a new thiophene-based conducting polymer, 2-heptadecyl-5-hexyl-6-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)-4-(5-((E)-prop-1-enyl)thiophen-2-yl)-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-d]thiazole (HHMPT). Further, to increase its application, the interactions between the conducting polymer (HHMPT) and ionic liquids (ILs) were investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and confocal Raman spectroscopy techniques. Moreover, film roughness and conductivity of the polymer film with or without ILs were also studied. The imidazolium- and ammonium family ILs with the potential to interact with the newly synthesized conducting polymer were used. The results of the interaction studies revealed that the imidazolium family IL-polymer mixtures and ammonium family IL-polymer mixtures have almost similar conductivity at low concentration of ILs. This study provides an insight into the combined effect of a polymer and ILs and may generate many theoretical and experimental opportunities.


Author(s):  
Saurav Arora

Until few years, the so-called implausible science, homeopathy, was on the verge of being rejected on conventional physicochemical grounds. The mere selection of ultrahigh dilutions (UHD) (homeopathic potencies) for experimentation by mainstream scientists seemed impossible, but the curiosity to explore the science behind homeopathy kept igniting intellectual alma mater who subjected homeopathy to laboratories and test tubes, to know beyond its clinical application. Still, there exist a huge gap and a challenge to convince a conventional scientist to go beyond his domains and look for something which is apparently invisible (beyond Avogadro). But gradually we are overcoming this dogma and exploring the finer aspects and applications of UHDs. Much research has been undertaken, at least, to protect the identity of UHDs, and we are now verge of proving the plausibility of homeopathy from every aspect. This issue of International Journal of High Dilution Research features two interesting articles on nature of UHDs and their unconventional application. The first article by NC Sukul et al aimed to decipher the nature of the water structure of UHDs of two commonly used homeopathic drugs Natrum muriaticum and Sulphur by Laser Raman Spectroscopy. This work is in the series undertaken by the group, who earlier experimented using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Electronic, Vibrational and Raman spectroscopy to shown differences in UHDs of various drugs. The present experiment could differentiate the intensities (potencies) of Nat-m and Sulph when compared to their controls, on the basis of hydrogen bond strength and free OH groups. The second article by Nandy et al proposes a new dimension to the application of UHD. In an interesting manner, the author used UHDs of Ferrum metallicum and Zincum oxidatum to improve the electrical properties of the electroactive Poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP). The PVDF-HFP composite films were synthesized in their usual way, but an incorporation of Ferrum and Zinc-o could make the film as homeo-PVDF-composite. This enhancement of the electrical properties and are possibly due to the presence of nanoparticle, as hypothesized by the group. The nature and application of UHDs are promising but challenging areas, which can only be validated through extensive research and validation. The realm of UHDs is expanding, and the day is not far when plausibility of homeopathy would be proved from every aspect, but at the same time we should also keep the momentum of research at pace in clinical research too!


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