scholarly journals Photoinduced Processes as a Way to Sustainable Polymers and Innovation in Polymeric Materials

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2293
Author(s):  
Roberta Bongiovanni ◽  
Sara Dalle Vacche ◽  
Alessandra Vitale
Keyword(s):  
New Products ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Sustainable Polymers ◽  
Photoinduced Processes

Photoinduced processes have gained considerable attention in polymer science and have greatly implemented the technological developments of new products. Therefore, a large amount of research work is currently developed in this area: in this paper we illustrate the advantages of a chemistry driven by light, the present perspectives of the technology, and summarize some of our recent research works, honoring the memory of Prof. Aldo Priola who passed away in March 2021 and was one of the first scientists in Italy to contribute to the field.

The emergence of oxime click chemistry and its utility in polymer science

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (23) ◽  
pp. 3812-3826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Collins ◽  
Zeyun Xiao ◽  
Markus Müllner ◽  
Luke A. Connal
Keyword(s):  
Click Chemistry ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Science

The synthesis of new, highly functional and dynamic polymeric materials has risen dramatically since the introduction of click chemistry in 2001.

scholarly journals 3D Printing of Solvent-Free Supramolecular Polymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Rupp ◽  
Wolfgang H. Binder
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Supramolecular Polymers ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Molecular Ordering

Additive manufacturing has significantly changed polymer science and technology by engineering complex material shapes and compositions. With the advent of dynamic properties in polymeric materials as a fundamental principle to achieve, e.g., self-healing properties, the use of supramolecular chemistry as a tool for molecular ordering has become important. By adjusting molecular nanoscopic (supramolecular) bonds in polymers, rheological properties, immanent for 3D printing, can be adjusted, resulting in shape persistence and improved printing. We here review recent progress in the 3D printing of supramolecular polymers, with a focus on fused deposition modelling (FDM) to overcome some of its limitations still being present up to date and open perspectives for their application.

scholarly journals Internal donors on supported Ziegler Natta catalysts for isotactic polypropylene: a brief tutorial review

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharat R. Paghadar ◽  
J. B. Sainani ◽  
Samith K. M. ◽  
Poornima Bhagavath
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
Cross Combination ◽  
Polymer Properties ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Catalyst Systems ◽  
New Applications

AbstractThe scientific and technical advances in the field of polymer science has been abundant in recent years. Amongst the various polymeric materials available in market, synthesis of polyolefins has been in the forefront since decades. A major challenge in this domain remains in attaining stereoregular polyolefins especially polypropylene (PP) and significant efforts were carried out by synthesizing various internal donors (ID) aiding the catalysts involved in producing them. This short review gives an overview of i) various generations of Ziegler–Natta (ZN) catalyst systems ii) general classes of ID that has been demonstrated by the researchers over the past decades iii) their influence on PP isotacticity and polymer properties. The coordination modes of different donor classes on supported ZN system and comparative study especially between phthalate and diether ID classes were also addressed here. This review also presents the studies carried out on phthalate catalyst structure analysis, detailed comparison study on phthalate and diether IDs in terms of PP isotacticity, regioselectivity, hydrogen response, and also their cross combination study and competitive behavior. Further a brief description on other structurally varied IDs like malonates, maleates, silyl diol esters, bifunctional donors, multi ether donors demonstrated for isotactic PP were also presented. Studies conducted on compatibility of incorporation of two different classes of IDs on a single supported ZN system for the fundamental understanding of the catalyst behavior; and also on how mixed donor approach enables in tuning the catalyst for polymer properties were also presented. This review also provides an opportunity to the young minds and the basic researchers from academic point of view by and large to create new polymeric materials with useful properties or modify the existing materials for new applications by incorporating new IDs for further improvisation of the stereo regularity in obtaining the polymers. Graphic Abstract

Polymer characterization

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian L. Hosier ◽  
Alun S. Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Optical Nonlinearity ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Step Growth ◽  
Step Growth Polymerization ◽  
Increasing Demand

Polymer science is, of course, driven by the desire to produce new materials for new applications. The success of materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene is such that these materials are manufactured on a huge scale and are indeed ubiquitous. There is still a massive drive to understand these materials and improve their properties in order to meet material requirements; however, increasingly polymers are being applied to a wide range of problems, and certainly in terms of developing new materials there is much more emphasis on control. Such control can be control of molecular weight, for example, the production of polymers with a highly narrow molecular weight distribution by anionic polymerization. The control of polymer architecture extends from block copolymers to other novel architectures such as ladder polymers and dendrimers. Cyclic systems can also be prepared, usually these are lower molecular weight systems, although these also might be expected to be the natural consequence of step-growth polymerization at high conversion. Polymers are used in a wide range of applications, as coatings, as adhesives, as engineering and structural materials, for packaging, and for clothing to name a few. A key feature of the success and versatility of these materials is that it is possible to build in properties by careful design of the (largely) organic molecules from which the chains are built up. For example, rigid aromatic molecules can be used to make high-strength fibres, the most highprofile example of this being Kevlar®; rigid molecules of this type are often made by simple step-growth polymerization and offer particular synthetic challenges as outlined in Chapter 4. There is now an increasing demand for highly specialized materials for use in for example optical and electronic applications and polymers have been singled out as having particular potential in this regard. For example, there is considerable interest in the development of polymers with targeted optical properties such as second-order optical nonlinearity, and in conducting polymers as electrode materials, as a route towards supercapacitors and as electroluminescent materials. Polymeric materials can also be used as an electrolyte in the design of compact batteries.

scholarly journals Recent Applications of Advanced Atomic Force Microscopy in Polymer Science: A Review

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong Nguyen-Tri ◽  
Payman Ghassemi ◽  
Pascal Carriere ◽  
Sonil Nanda ◽  
Aymen Amine Assadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Nanoscale Characterization

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been extensively used for the nanoscale characterization of polymeric materials. The coupling of AFM with infrared spectroscope (AFM-IR) provides another advantage to the chemical analyses and thus helps to shed light upon the study of polymers. This paper reviews some recent progress in the application of AFM and AFM-IR in polymer science. We describe the principle of AFM-IR and the recent improvements to enhance its resolution. We also discuss the latest progress in the use of AFM-IR as a super-resolution correlated scanned-probe infrared spectroscopy for the chemical characterization of polymer materials dealing with polymer composites, polymer blends, multilayers, and biopolymers. To highlight the advantages of AFM-IR, we report several results in studying the crystallization of both miscible and immiscible blends as well as polymer aging. Finally, we demonstrate how this novel technique can be used to determine phase separation, spherulitic structure, and crystallization mechanisms at nanoscales, which has never been achieved before. The review also discusses future trends in the use of AFM-IR in polymer materials, especially in polymer thin film investigation.

Development and characterization of silk films for burn wound healing

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-146
Author(s):  
Sukumar Nachiappan ◽  
Lami Amanuel ◽  
Tewodros Agazie ◽  
Seyoum Bihonegn
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Burn Wound Healing ◽  
Biomedical Device ◽  
Silk Films

Purpose Wound healing is a dynamic process that relies on coordinated signaling molecules to succeed. Silk has proven to be a promising biomaterial for the development of a novel product. The purpose of the study is development of silk films, augmented functionality can be provided to silk by means of loading honey and recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF). Design/methodology/approach In this research work, the authors set out to explore possibilities of silk-based biomedical device development with particular attention to different fabrication strategies that can be leveraged for this purpose. They have produced a novel silk-based drug delivery material, in the form of silk films. Scanning electronic microscope was used to observe the morphology and the highly specific surface area. The structure was studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. This methodology is accomplished using in vivo study data using Wister albonia rats. Findings The developed films also provided a significant higher healing rate in vivo, with well-formed epidermis with faster granulation tissue formation when compared to the controls. Biodegradable polymeric materials based on blending aqueous dispersions of natural polymer sodium alginate, Chitosan and rhEGF complex, which allow controlled antiseptic release, are presented. Originality/value These results suggest that silk-based controlled release of Chitosan-rhEGF may serve as a new therapy to accelerate healing of burn wounds.

scholarly journals Pivoting Lean Manufacturing through Industry 4.0 in the Indian Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Protik Basu ◽  
Pranab K. Dan
Keyword(s):  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Lean Management ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Indian Manufacturing Sector

Industry 4.0 and lean management both focus on increasing productivity of industrial systems. Industry 4.0 is foreseen to revolutionize today’s manufacturing environment whereas lean management is an integrated techno-operational system which has gained increasing importance in recent times to bring about a competitive state in an organization. Though in the last three decades there have been rigorous studies on lean manufacturing (LM), its implementation in the Indian manufacturing domain is still in its nascent stage. A lack of research to explore the potential use of Industry 4.0 is also noted. Research work on the compatibility of Industry 4.0 with LM is scarce and any study on the role of Industry 4.0 on LM in the Indian manufacturing sector is practically unavailable. The aim of this research is to explore how the fourth industrial revolution, referred to as Industry 4.0, can strategize LM in the Indian manufacturing context. Empirical studies have disclosed that Indian managers are hesitant to go for automation and technological developments. Results of this work reveal that there needs to be a change in attitude and approach. Lean implementers in India need to embrace Industry 4.0 to pivot LM by automating through Cyber-Physical Systems and creating a flexible design and production model of customized and smart products.

From the Sun to the Universe—The Woolley and Bok Directorships at Mount Stromlo

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-228
Author(s):  
A. R. Hyland ◽  
D. J. Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
World War ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
National University ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Astrophysical Research

AbstractThe twenty years following the Second World War saw great changes in the research interests of the Observatory at Mount Stromlo, with the early emphasis on solar and geophysical phenomena giving way to stellar and galactic astrophysics. This paper traces the development of the astrophysical research work during the directorships of Woolley, who initiated the change of direction, and of Bok, who continued it. Apart from the shift in the Observatory’s research interests, these years were distinguished by (i) an outstanding period of telescope acquisition, which saw the commissioning of the 74 inch reflector, the 50 inch (formerly the Great Melbourne Telescope), the Yale/Columbia refractor (relocated from South Africa), and the Uppsala Schmidt; (ii) an Australia-wide site-testing programme and the consequent establishment of Siding Spring Observatory with the 40 inch, 24 inch and 16 inch reflectors (the site has subsequently, of course, also become the home of the Anglo-Australian Telescope, the U.K. Schmidt, and the ANU 2.3 m Advanced Technology Telescope); (iii) the incorporation of several major technological developments into the instrument complement of the Observatory, including photo-electric photometry, coudé spectroscopy, spectrum scanners, polarization instruments, and digital computers; (iv) the establishment of the link with the Australian National University and the consequent transformation of the Commonwealth Observatory into the Mount Stromlo Observatory; and (v) the setting up of a large and vigorous graduate school, comprising, at Bok’s departure, about fifteen PhD students on course.

scholarly journals Innovations in Economic Development in the Modern Conditions of Globalization: Experience of Kazakhstan and Foreign Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 3985-3993
Author(s):  
Dugalova Gulnar ◽  
Tuzubekova Madina ◽  
Belgibaeva Kuralay ◽  
Sarybayeva Inara ◽  
Yesturliyeva Aigul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Products ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Widespread Distribution ◽  
Current State ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
The Impact

In this article, the authors conducted a study and analysis of the impact of innovations on the economies of countries, the current state and development of innovative activities, the introduction of new technologies, characterized by an increase in the role of their results in the life of mankind. The mechanisms of support from the state and business of research work, the creation of special educational programs for young scientists and innovators, and spaces where they could develop innovative technologies are considered. At a certain stage of innovation, the role of innovation, the introduction and widespread distribution of new products, is a key driver of growth.

Application Service Provision

2011 ◽  
pp. 188-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Guah ◽  
Wendy L. Currie
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
New Products ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Application Service ◽  
Organisational Knowledge ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Processing Information ◽  
Personal Productivity

By addressing the business issues and management concerns of a 21st century intelligent enterprise, we hope this chapter points medium- and large-sized businesses in the proper direction to manage ASP resources and strategies to their competitive advantage. With the phenomenon of ASP in its infancy, we draw from works of IS pioneers Markus, Porter, Checkland, and others. Their intellectual contributions, plus findings from research work at CSIS, provide a framework for discussion. ASP delivers personal productivity software and professional support systems, assisting an intelligent enterprise in processing information, solving business problems, developing new products, and creating new knowledge. The need to exploit ASP capabilities to preserve and enhance organisational knowledge is clearly defined by this chapter.

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