scholarly journals Viscoelastic Relaxation of Polymerized Ionic Liquid and Lithium Salt Mixtures: Effect of Salt Concentration

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1772
Author(s):  
Arisa Yokokoji ◽  
Wakana Kitayama ◽  
Kamonthira Wichai ◽  
Osamu Urakawa ◽  
Atsushi Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Relaxation Mechanism ◽  
Transference Numbers ◽  
Lithium Salts ◽  
Characteristic Time Scale ◽  
Polymerized Ionic Liquid ◽  
Entanglement Density ◽  
Salt Mixtures

Polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) doped with lithium salts have recently attracted research interests as the polymer component in lithium-ion batteries because of their high ionic mobilities and lithium-ion transference numbers. To date, although the ion transport mechanism in lithium-doped PILs has been considerably studied, the role of lithium salts on the dynamics of PIL chains remains poorly understood. Herein, we examine the thermal and rheological behaviors of the mixture of poly(1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PC4-TFSI)/lithium TFSI (LiTFSI) in order to clarify the effect of the addition of LiTFSI. We show that the glass transition temperature Tg and the entanglement density decrease with the increase in LiTFSI concentration wLiTFSI. These results indicate that LiTFSI acts as a plasticizer for PC4-TFSI. Comparison of the frequency dependence of the complex modulus under the iso-frictional condition reveals that the addition of LiTFSI does not modify the stress relaxation mechanism of PC4-TFSI, including its characteristic time scale. This suggests that the doped LiTFSI, component that can be carrier ions, is not so firmly bound to the polymer chain as it modifies the chain dynamics. In addition, a broadening of the loss modulus spectrum in the glass region occurs at high wLiTFSI. This change in the spectrum can be caused by the responses of free TFSI and/or coordination complexes of Li and TFSI. Our detailed rheological analysis can extract the information of the dynamical features for PIL/salt mixtures and may provide helpful knowledge for the control of mechanical properties and ion mobilities in PILs.

Multi-ionic lithium salts increase lithium ion transference numbers in ionic liquid gel separators

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (37) ◽  
pp. 14380-14391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parameswara Rao Chinnam ◽  
Vijay Chatare ◽  
Sumanth Chereddy ◽  
Ramya Mantravadi ◽  
Michael Gau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ionic Conductivities ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Transference Numbers ◽  
Lithium Salts ◽  
Ion Gel

Solid ion-gel separators for lithium or lithium ion batteries have been prepared with high lithium ion transference numbers (tLi+ = 0.36), high room temperature ionic conductivities (σ → 10−3 S cm−1), and moduli in the MPa range.

Solubility of Lithium Salts Formed on the Lithium-Ion Battery Negative Electrode Surface in Organic Solvents

2009 ◽  
Vol 156 (12) ◽  
pp. A1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Tasaki ◽  
Alex Goldberg ◽  
Jian-Jie Lian ◽  
Merry Walker ◽  
Adam Timmons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Electrode Surface ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Lithium Salts

Characterization of viscoelastic properties of minced beef meat thawed by ohmic and conventional methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutlu Cevik ◽  
Filiz Icier
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Creep Recovery ◽  
Recoverable Compliance ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Minced Meat

Frozen minced meat samples having fat contents of 2%, 10% and 18% were thawed using different methods (refrigeration thawing at ambient temperature of +4 ℃, under running cold water (+4 ℃) thawing, ohmic thawing for 10, 13 and 16 V/cm). Viscoelastic properties were determined by using rheological tests (oscillation and creep/recovery tests). Storage modulus, loss modulus, complex modulus, loss tangent, dynamic viscosity and complex viscosity values of minced meat samples increased as fat content increased. As frequency value increased, the modulus values of meat samples increased but dynamic and complex viscosity values of the samples decreased. The minced meat samples thawed by different methods had recoverable compliance values. The compliance values of meat samples during creep region can be well characterized by Burgers model. Ohmic thawing can be used as an alternative thawing method since it resulted in similar rheological properties of minced meat samples compared to refrigeration thawing at ambient temperature of +4 ℃ and under running cold water (+4℃) thawing.

scholarly journals Impact of Lithium Salts on the Combustion Characteristics of Electrolyte under Diverse Pressures

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5373
Author(s):  
Changcheng Liu ◽  
Que Huang ◽  
Kaihui Zheng ◽  
Jiawen Qin ◽  
Dechuang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Pool Fire ◽  
Lithium Salts ◽  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Lower Altitude

The electrolyte is one of the components that releases the most heat during the thermal runaway (TR) and combustion process of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Therefore, the thermal hazard of the electrolyte has a significant impact on the safety of LIBs. In this paper, the combustion characteristics of the electrolyte such as parameters of heat release rate (HRR), mass loss rate (MLR) and total heat release (THR) have been investigated and analyzed. In order to meet the current demand of plateau sections with low-pressure and low-oxygen areas on LIBs, an electrolyte with the most commonly used lithium salts, LiPF6, was chosen as the experimental sample. Due to the superior low-temperature performance, an electrolyte containing LiBF4 was also selected to be compared with the LiPF6 sample. Combustion experiments were conducted for electrolyte pool fire under various altitudes. According to the experimental results, both the average and peak values of MLR in the stable combustion stage of the electrolyte pool fire had positive exponential relations with the atmospheric pressure. At the relatively higher altitude, there was less THR, and the average and peak values of HRR decreased significantly, while the combustion duration increased remarkably when compared with that at the lower altitude. The average HRR of the electrolyte with LiBF4 was obviously lower than that of solution containing LiPF6 under low atmospheric pressure, which was slightly higher for LiBF4 electrolyte at standard atmospheric pressure. Because of the low molecular weight (MW) of LiBF4, the THR of the corresponding electrolyte was larger, so the addition of LiBF4 could not effectively improve the safety of the electrolyte. Moreover, the decrease of pressure tended to increase the production of harmful hydrogen fluoride (HF) gas.

scholarly journals Six-Membered-Ring Malonatoborate-Based Lithium Salts as Electrolytes for Lithium Ion Batteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (39) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yang ◽  
Hanjun Zhang ◽  
Peter F. Driscoll ◽  
Brett Lucht ◽  
John B. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Membered Ring ◽  
Lithium Salts

Gel-type polymer electrolytes with different types of ceramic fillers and lithium salts for lithium-ion polymer batteries

2006 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 574-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Mo Yang ◽  
Hyung-Sun Kim ◽  
Byung-Ki Na ◽  
Kyong-Soo Kum ◽  
Byung Won Cho
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Electrolytes ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Lithium Salts ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ceramic Fillers

Effect of Associated Salts on the Polymerization of Butadiene by Organosodium Reagents

1953 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-558
Author(s):  
Avery A. Morton ◽  
Frank H. Bolton ◽  
Frances W. Collins ◽  
Edward F. Cluff
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Sodium Cation ◽  
Lithium Salts ◽  
Lithium Iodide ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
Cesium Fluoride ◽  
Iodine Chloride ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Large Cation

Abstract The alfin catalyst is a combination of sodium salts which causes butadiene to polymerize at extreme rapidity in such a fashion that a greater difference exists between sodium and alfin polymerization than between sodium and emulsion polymerization. Hitherto the combination has been assumed to be binary—allylsodium and sodium isopropoxide—but a new method of preparation has revealed that a halide or pseudohalide salt is essential. Chloride, bromide, and iodide salts of sodium and potassium can be used as the halide component, but fluoride and lithium salts, as a rule, cannot be so employed unless the small size of each ion is compensated by a large cation or anion, respectively, as found in cesium fluoride or lithium iodide. The sodium cation is required for the catalyst. The potassium ion can be tolerated in the alkoxide or halide, but not simultaneousely in both. The lithium ion is in general unsuitable. Alfin polybutadiene is differentiated from sodium-polymerized butadiene by a high proportion of 1,4-structure and by an abnormally high intrinsic viscosity. Iodine chloride causes the polymer to precipitate from solution. All results indicate that polymerization by sodium reagents is in considerable degree controlled by the association of other salts with the sodium reagent.

scholarly journals Prony series calculation for viscoelastic behavior modeling of structural adhesives from DMA data.

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Manuel Alejandro Tapia Romero ◽  
Mariamne Dehonor Gomez ◽  
Luis Edmundo Lugo Uribe
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Relaxation Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Behavior Modeling ◽  
Prony Series ◽  
Product Design Process ◽  
Material Sample

In product design is important to choose the correct material for a specific application. Viscoelastic behavior let us know how much energy the material can dissipate on its internal structure or either return it to the surroundings, and the property that describe this is the Complex Modulus G*, it is a complex quantity that can be separated in a real and an imaginary part called G' storage modulus and iG'' loss modulus respectively. These properties can be measured experimentally from a small material sample easily by performing Dynamical Mechanical Analysis (DMA). In Product Design process there are both, computational and physical validations and there is the need of improving computational studies by understanding the physics of each component. Viscoelastic characteristics of materials can be represented by Prony series, also known as relaxation modulus in function of time. Relaxation modulus can be defined in most of Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) Software. In this article the procedure for calculating Prony Series from DMA data will be explained.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document