scholarly journals Enzymatic Synthesis of a Polyol Ester from Levulinic Acid and Trimethylolpropane and Its Tribological Behavior as Potential Biolubricant Basestock

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2256
Author(s):  
Wenyuan Zhu ◽  
Fangyuan Liang ◽  
Hewei Hou ◽  
Yuting Chen ◽  
Xiaohui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Enzymatic Catalysis ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Polyol Ester ◽  
Free System ◽  
Solvent Free System

In this study, a polyol ester from levulinic acid (LA) and trimethylolpropane (TMP) was synthesized by enzymatic catalysis in a solvent-free system. The total conversion of TMP reached up to 84% on average after lipase recycling for five times. The produced ester showed excellent lubrication properties, such as high viscosities at 40 °C (86.53 mm2/s) and 100 °C (8.91 mm2/s), a good viscosity index (49), a low pour point (−27 °C), and a high flash point (223 °C). The frictional wear behavior was evaluated on a four-ball test machine (FTM) by adding the ester into a reference mineral oil. The blend with 10% ester showed a smaller wear scar diameter (WSD) (0.62 mm) when compared with that of pure mineral oil (0.78 mm). The results demonstrated that the obtained ester has huge potential as biolubricant basestock.

THE TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CACTUS AND MINERAL OIL BLENDS USING FOUR-BALL TRIBOTESTER

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (9-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hassan ◽  
S. Syahrullail ◽  
Farid Nasir Ani
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Tribological Characteristics ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Lubricant Oil ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Commercial Lubricant

The oil derived from vegetables has been seen as an alternative to mineral oils for lubricants because of certain inherent technical properties, renewable source and their abilities to biodegrade. Vegetable oil is known to have a high viscosity index with a higher lubricity value compared to mineral oil. Despite its potentiality as a candidate alternative, vegetable oil has several limitations. It has a low wear resistance, and it is highly sensitive to temperatures with tribological characteristics. The majority of technical solutions, including additivation, chemical alterations, and blending, are being proposed as means of overcoming the listed limitations. This study seeks to investigate the characteristics of cactus oil with respect to its use as a bio-lubricant as well as the characteristics of environmentally friendly vegetable oil when they are mixed with mineral oils as alternative oil for petroleum, using the four-ball tribotester. The volumetric blending ratio was varied (20% to 80%) and these blends were performed at 1200 rpm, for one hour, with 40 kg of load at a temperature of 75ºC (ASTM D4172-B) standard. According to the results, it was found that the lowest wear scar diameter was 431.23µm, which was identified in the blend of 20% cactus oil with 80% mineral oil which symbolized by (CC20%), compared to that of neat cactus oil at 669.16 µm and mineral oil at 546.46 µm.In addition, the result also indicates that a 80% addition of cactus oil, the coefficient of friction tends to decrease compared to the values of neat cactus oil. Finally, it is concluded, the blends of cactus oil with commercial lubricant oil have better performance compared to commercial lubricant oil or neat cactus oil.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Minyak Kelapa dan Sawit Terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Tribologi Pelumas SAE 40

Jurnal METTEK ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dedison Gasni ◽  
KM Abdul Razak ◽  
Ahmad Ridwan ◽  
Muhammad Arif
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Boundary Lubrication ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek dari penambahan minyak kelapa dan sawit terhadap sifat fisik dan tribologi pelumas SAE 40. Vegetabel oil, seperti; minyak kelapa dan sawit, memiliki nilai viskositas indek yang tinggi dan sifat pelumasan yang baik terutama didaerah boundary lubrication jika dibandingkan dengan mineral oil (SAE 40). Hal ini disebabkan karena vegetabel oil memiliki kandungan fatty acids yang tidak dimiliki oleh mineral oil. Keunggulan lain dari minyak kelapa dan sawit adanya sifat yang ramah lingkungan karena mudah terurai di alam dan dapat diperbaharui. Pada penelitian ini sifat yang baik dari minyak kelapa dan sawit ini akan dimanfaatkan sebagai zat aditif pada minyak pelumas SAE 40. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap sifat fisik dan tribology dengan penambahan 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20% berat dari minyak kelapa dan sawit ke dalam minyak pelumas SAE 40. Pengujian sifat fisik terdiri dari pengukuran viskositas pada temperatur 400C dan 1000C dan viskositas index. Pengujian sifat tribologi untuk menentukan keausan dan koefisien gesek berdasarkan ASTM G99 dengan menggunakan alat uji pin on disk. Dari hasil pengujian diperoleh bahwa dengan penambahan minyak kelapa dan sawit kedalam minyak pelumas SAE 40 terjadi peningkatan viskositas indeks. Peningkatan viskositas indeks sebanyak  17% dengan penambahan 20% minyak sawit. Terjadi perubahan sifat tribologi dengan penambahan minyak sawit, berupa penurunan keausan dan nilai koefisien gesek dibandingkan dengan penambahan minyak kelapa. This study aims to determine the effect of coconut and palm oils as additives to physical and tribological properties of SAE 40 lubricating oil . Vegetable oils, such as; coconut oil and palm oil, have high viscosity index and good lubrication properties, especially in boundary lubrication compared to mineral oil. This is due to vegetable oil having fatty acids that are not owned by mineral oil. The advantages of coconut oil and palm oil are environmentally friendly properties because they are biodegradable and renewable. In this study, the good properties of coconut and palm oils will be used as additives in SAE 40 lubricating oil. Tests are carried out on the physical and tribological properties with the addition of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of coconut and palm oils into SAE 40 lubricating oil. Physical properties testing consists of measuring viscosity at temperatures of 400C and 1000C and viscosity index. The tribological test is to determine wear and coefficient of friction based on ASTM G99 using a pin on disc test equipment. From the test results,  it was found that coconut and palm oils as additives into SAE 40 lubricating oil could increase in viscosity index. The increase of  the viscosity index was 17% by adding 20% of palm oil. There was a change of tribological properties in the form of decreasing on the wear and the coefficient of friction with the addition of palm oil compare to addition of coconut oil.

Synthesis and component confirmation of biodiesel from palm oil and dimethyl carbonate catalyzed by immobilized-lipase in solvent-free system

Fuel ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 3960-3965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Zhang ◽  
Shuzhen Sun ◽  
Zhong Xin ◽  
Boyang Sheng ◽  
Qun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Free System ◽  
Solvent Free System

scholarly journals Solvent-free hydrogenation of cyclohexene over Rh-TUD-1 at ambient conditions

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (60) ◽  
pp. 34370-34373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mhamed Benaissa ◽  
Abdullah M. Alhanash ◽  
Ahmed T. Mubarak ◽  
Morad Eissa ◽  
Taher Sahlabji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hydrogenation Reaction ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Total Conversion ◽  
Free System ◽  
Liquid Phase Hydrogenation ◽  
System P ◽  
Solvent Free System

Total conversion of cyclohexene to cyclohexane was achieved in a liquid phase hydrogenation reaction at room temperature, 1 atm H2 pressure and solvent-free system.

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