scholarly journals The Impact of Vitrimers on the Industry of the Future: Chemistry, Properties and Sustainable Forward-Looking Applications

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Alabiso ◽  
Sandra Schlögl
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Technological Flexibility ◽  
Huge Variety

Thermosets are known to be very reliable polymeric materials for high-performance and light-weight applications, due to their retained dimensional stability, chemical inertia and rigidity over a broad range of temperatures. However, once fully cured, they cannot be easily reshaped or reprocessed, thus leaving still unsolved the issues of recycling and the lack of technological flexibility. Vitrimers, introduced by Leibler et al. in 2011, are a valiant step in the direction of bridging the chasm between thermoplastics and thermosets. Owing to their dynamic covalent networks, they can retain mechanical stability and solvent resistance, but can also flow on demand upon heating. More generally, the family of Covalent Adaptable Networks (CANs) is gleaming with astounding potential, thanks to the huge variety of chemistries that may enable bond exchange. Arising from this signature feature, intriguing properties such as self-healing, recyclability and weldability may expand the horizons for thermosets in terms of improved life-span, sustainability and overall enhanced functionality and versatility. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the most promising studies featuring CANs and vitrimers specifically, with particular regard for their industrial applications. Investigations into composites and sustainable vitrimers from epoxy-based and elastomeric networks are covered in detail.

scholarly journals Covalent Adaptable Networks (CANs)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Alabiso ◽  
Sandra Schlögl
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
On Demand ◽  
The Family ◽  
Technological Flexibility ◽  
Huge Variety

Thermosets are known to be very reliable polymeric materials for high-performance and light-weight applications, due to their retained dimensional stability, chemical inertia and rigidity over a broad range of temperatures. However, once fully cured, they cannot be easily reshaped or reprocessed, thus leaving still unsolved the issues of recycling and the lack of technological flexibility. Vitrimers, introduced by Leibler et al. in 2011, are a valiant step in the direction of bridging the chasm between thermoplastics and thermosets. Owing to their dynamic covalent networks, they can retain mechanical stability and solvent resistance, but can also flow on demand upon heating. More generally, the family of Covalent Adaptable Networks (CANs) is gleaming with astounding potential, thanks to the huge variety of chemistries that may enable bond exchange. Arising from this signature feature, intriguing properties such as self-healing, recyclability and weldability may expand the horizons for thermosets in terms of improved life-span, sustainability and overall enhanced functionality and versatility. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the most promising studies featuring CANs and vitrimers specifically, with particular regard for their industrial applications. Investigations into composites and sustainable vitrimers from epoxy-based and elastomeric networks are covered in detail.

scholarly journals The Impact of Traffic-Induced Bridge Vibration on Rapid Repairing High-Performance Concrete for Bridge Deck Pavement Repairs

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Shuo Liu ◽  
Qizhi Wang ◽  
Wei Yuan ◽  
Mingzhang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Harmonic Vibration ◽  
Hydration Reaction ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bridge Deck Pavement

Based on forced vibration tests for high-performance concrete (HPC), the influence of bridge vibration induced by traveling vehicle on compressive strength and durability of HPC has been studied. It is concluded that 1 d and 2 d compressive strength of HPC decreased significantly, and the maximum reduction rate is 9.1%, while 28 d compressive strength of HPC had a slight lower with a 3% maximal drop under the action of two simple harmonic vibrations with 2 Hz, 3 mm amplitude, and 4 Hz, 3 mm amplitude. Moreover, the vibration had a slight effect on the compressive strength of HPC when the simple harmonic vibration had 4 Hz and 1 mm amplitude; it is indicated that the amplitude exerts a more prominent influence on the earlier compressive strength with the comparison of the frequency. In addition, the impact of simple harmonic vibration on durability of HPC can be ignored; this shows the self-healing function of concrete resulting from later hydration reaction. Thus, the research achievements mentioned above can contribute to learning the laws by which bridge vibration affects the properties of concrete and provide technical support for the design and construction of the bridge deck pavement maintenance.

The effects of textile reinforcements on the protective properties of self-healing polymers intended for safety gloves

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (17-18) ◽  
pp. 1974-1986
Author(s):  
Emilia Irzmańska ◽  
Anna Bacciarelli-Ulacha ◽  
Agnieszka Adamus-Włodarczyk ◽  
Anna Strąkowska
Keyword(s):  
Healing Process ◽  
Polymeric Composite ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
The Self ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Hybrid Molecules ◽  
The Impact

In the environment where glove material is exposed to harmful chemicals, hazards related to faster penetration of dangerous substances into the glove interior may cause microdamage. One of the solutions to overcome this problem is to use the self-healing polymeric materials that can minimize economic loss and accidents in the workplace. The current work aims to present the impact of different types of textile reinforcement on the effectiveness and efficiency of the self-healing process of methyl vinyl silicone rubber containing hybrid molecules with an inorganic silsesquioxane intended for use on all-rubber gloves. Three knitted fabrics with a similar structure and differentiated raw material composition were selected: polyamide, cotton–polyamide, and cotton. Evaluation of the self-healing process of the elastomeric composite to personal protective equipment was performed. For this purpose the assessment of the surface morphology of materials has been performed before and after the self-healing process. The implementation of knitted fabric into the polymeric composite in the tested samples allowed us to obtain the best results in all tests. The studied composite samples exhibited an increased resistance to three types of damage: penetration, abrasion and puncture. The samples also underwent the self-healing processes and regeneration after a proper conditioning period. Thus, the obtained results confirmed the possibility of using tested elastomeric composites in the construction of protective gloves and showed an effectivity of the self-healing process for the long-term usage of that protective equipment.

scholarly journals Self-Healing of Ionomeric Polymers with Carbon Fibers from Medium-Velocity Impact and Resistive Heating

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu Baba Sundaresan ◽  
Andrew Morgan ◽  
Matt Castellucci
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Resistive Heating ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Composite Self

Self-healing materials science has seen significant advances in the last decade. Recent efforts have demonstrated healing in polymeric materials through chemical reaction, thermal treatment, and ultraviolet irradiation. The existing technology for healing polymeric materials through the aforementioned mechanisms produces an irreversible change in the material and makes it unsuitable for subsequent healing cycles. To overcome these disadvantages, we demonstrate a new composite self-healing material made from an ionomer (Surlyn) and carbon fiber that can sustain damage from medium-velocity impact and heal from the energy of the impact. Furthermore, the carbon fiber embedded in the polymer matrix results in resistive heating of the polymer matrix locally, melts the ionomer matrix around the damage, and heals the material at the damaged location. This paper presents methods to melt-process Surlyn with carbon fiber and demonstrates healing in the material through medium-velocity impact tests, resistive heating, and imaging through electron and optical microscopy. A new metric for quantifying self-healing in the sample, called width-heal ratio, is developed, and we report that the Surlyn-carbon fiber-based material under an optimal rate of heating and at the correct temperature has a width-heal ratio of >0.9, thereby demonstrating complete recovery from the damage.

Studies of the Physical Properties of Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resin Reacted with Anhydride Curing Agents

2017 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 248-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Hee Kim ◽  
Dae Yeon Kim ◽  
Choong Sun Lim ◽  
Bong Kuk Seo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
High Performance Polymer ◽  
Curing Agents ◽  
The Impact

The preparation of high performance epoxy composites for industrial applications has been extensively researched. In this report, we study the change in physical properties and reaction kinetics between epoxy resin and curing agents of similar geometry. For the experiments, celloxide 2021P, an epoxy resin having low viscosity, was blended with three different curing agents: methylhexahydropthalic acid, methyltetrahydropthalic acid, and 5-norbornene-2, 3-dicarboxylic anhydride. The amount of 1, 2-dimethylimidazole catalyst was controlled, and the highest heat flow temperature (Tpeak) was observed at around 145 °C. The impact on reaction kinetics relative to the change in heating rate was studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for each of the curing agents. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of each composition was measured with a second DSC cycle. The prepared epoxy compositions were thermally cured in a metallic mold to provide pure epoxy resins without fillers. Finally, the flexural strengths of these resins were compared to each other. The authors believe that insights into choosing an appropriate epoxy binder are useful when it comes to the overall preparation of high performance polymer composites.

The impact of 1,2,3-triazoles in the design of functional coatings

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 3687-3708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasidhar Kantheti ◽  
Ramanuj Narayan ◽  
K. V. S. N. Raju
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Organic Coatings ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposite ◽  
Functional Coatings ◽  
The Impact

This review article presents an overview of the application of 1,2,3-triazoles in the design of various high performance organic coatings with properties like anti-corrosive, anti-microbial, self-healing, hybrid nanocomposite, bio degradableetc.

scholarly journals Systematic and Empirical Study of the Dependence of Polyphenol Recovery from Apricot Pomace on Temperature and Solvent Concentration Levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Cheaib ◽  
Nada El Darra ◽  
Hiba N. Rajha ◽  
Richard G. Maroun ◽  
Nicolas Louka
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Solvent Mixture ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Apricot Pomace ◽  
The Impact

This work aims to study the impact of solvent mixture (between 0 and 50% ethanol/water mixture) and temperature (between 25°C and 75°C) levels on the solid-liquid extraction of phenolic compounds (quantity and bioactivity) from apricot pomace. Results show that the mean augmentation of 1% ethanol in the range [0–12%] enhances by three times the extraction of polyphenols compared to the same augmentation in the range [0–50%]. Similarly, the mean augmentation of 1°Celcius in the range [0–25°Celcius] enhances by two times the extraction of polyphenols compared to the same augmentation in the range [0–75°Celcius]. Moreover, 1% of ethanol exhibited a greater impact on the phenolic compound extraction than 1°Celsius. The response surface methodology showed that the optimal extraction condition was reached with 50% ethanol/water at 75°C giving a total phenolic content (TPC) of 9.8 mg GAE/g DM, a flavonoids content (FC) of 8.9 mg CE/g DM, a tannin content (TC) of 4.72 mg/L, and an antiradical activity (AA) of 44%. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that polyphenols were influenced by the selectivity of the solvent as well as the properties of each phenolic compound. Apricot pomace extracts could therefore be used as natural bioactive molecules for many industrial applications.

Fundamentals of Machine Learning

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Trappenberg
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Bayesian Approaches ◽  
Mathematical Arguments ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Probabilistic Context

Machine learning is exploding, both in research and for industrial applications. This book aims to be a brief introduction to this area given the importance of this topic in many disciplines, from sciences to engineering, and even for its broader impact on our society. This book tries to contribute with a style that keeps a balance between brevity of explanations, the rigor of mathematical arguments, and outlining principle ideas. At the same time, this book tries to give some comprehensive overview of a variety of methods to see their relation on specialization within this area. This includes some introduction to Bayesian approaches to modeling as well as deep learning. Writing small programs to apply machine learning techniques is made easy today by the availability of high-level programming systems. This book offers examples in Python with the machine learning libraries sklearn and Keras. The first four chapters concentrate largely on the practical side of applying machine learning techniques. The book then discusses more fundamental concepts and includes their formulation in a probabilistic context. This is followed by chapters on advanced models, that of recurrent neural networks and that of reinforcement learning. The book closes with a brief discussion on the impact of machine learning and AI on our society.

Impact of Degradation of Polyethylene Films Under Simulated Climatic Conditions on Their Mechanical Behaviour and Thermal Stability and Lifetime

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelkader Dehbi ◽  
Khaled Djakhdane ◽  
Abdel-Hamid I. Mourad
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Polyethylene Films ◽  
The Impact

Studying the impact of degradation of polyethylene tri-layer films under simulated climatic conditions, of North Africa, on their mechanical behaviour and thermal stability and lifetime is the main objective of this work. The films are produced by the co-extrusion technique which is used in several industrial applications such as the nuclear related applications. The climatic conditions such as temperature, solar radiation, wind, sand and humidity are crucial factors in the ageing process, degradation and lifetime of polymeric materials. At the molecular level, these conditions have severe structural modifications and oxidation in polymers which are the main mechanism of ageing. Polyethylene films have numerous industrial applications in which they are susceptible to such harsh environmental conditions. Samples in the form of polyethylene films of 180μm thickness are artificially aged at different conditions of temperature and humidity. Monitoring the degradation in physicochemical properties of polymer matrices used and their stabilizing additives is carried out by thermal analysis (DSC) and mechanical tests. The results revealed that the investigated climatic conditions have essential deteriorative effects on the performance of the film. The correlation between the modification in the material structure and the degradation in the film properties is discussed.

scholarly journals Fabrication of High-Performance Bamboo–Plastic Composites Reinforced by Natural Halloysite Nanotubes

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2259
Author(s):  
Xiaobei Jin ◽  
Jingpeng Li ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Zehui Jiang ◽  
Daochun Qin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
The Impact

Bamboo-plastic composites (BPCs) as new biomass-plastic composites have recently attracted much attention. However, weak mechanical performance and high moisture absorption as well as low thermal stability greatly limit their industrial applications. In this context, different amounts of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were used as a natural reinforcing filler for BPCs. It was found that the thermal stability of BPCs increased with increasing HNT contents. The mechanical strength of BPCs was improved with the increase in HNT loading up to 4 wt% and then worsened, while the impact strengths were slightly reduced. Low HNT content (below 4 wt%) also improved the dynamic thermomechanical properties and reduced the water absorption of the BPCs. Morphological studies confirmed the improved interfacial compatibility of the BPC matrix with 4 wt% HNT loading, and high-concentration HNT loading (above 6 wt%) resulted in easy agglomeration. The results highlight that HNTs could be a feasible candidate as nanoreinforcements for the development of high-performance BPCs.

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