scholarly journals Effect of Almond Shell Waste on Physicochemical Properties of Polyester-Based Biocomposites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Ramos ◽  
Franco Dominici ◽  
Francesca Luzi ◽  
Alfonso Jiménez ◽  
Maria Carmen Garrigós ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Almond Shell ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Lignocellulosic Filler ◽  
Shell Powder ◽  
Compatibilizing Effect ◽  
Scanning Electron

Polyester-based biocomposites containing INZEA F2® biopolymer and almond shell powder (ASP) at 10 and 25 wt % contents with and without two different compatibilizers, maleinized linseed oil and Joncryl ADR 4400®, were prepared by melt blending in an extruder, followed by injection molding. The effect of fine (125–250 m) and coarse (500–1000 m) milling sizes of ASP was also evaluated. An improvement in elastic modulus was observed with the addition of< both fine and coarse ASP at 25 wt %. The addition of maleinized linseed oil and Joncryl ADR 4400 produced some compatibilizing effect at low filler contents while biocomposites with a higher amount of ASP still presented some gaps at the interface by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Some decrease in thermal stability was shown which was related to the relatively low thermal stability and disintegration of the lignocellulosic filler. The added modifiers provided some enhanced thermal resistance to the final biocomposites. Thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis suggested the presence of two different polyesters in the polymer matrix, with one of them showing full disintegration after 28 and 90 days for biocomposites containing 25 and 10 wt %, respectively, under composting conditions. The developed biocomposites have been shown to be potential polyester-based matrices for use as compostable materials at high filler contents.

scholarly journals Recyclability Analysis of Starch Thermoplastic/Almond Shell Biocomposite

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1159
Author(s):  
Ana Ibáñez-García ◽  
Asunción Martínez-García ◽  
Santiago Ferrándiz-Bou
Keyword(s):  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Almond Shell ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Visual Properties ◽  
Shell Powder ◽  
Do So

This article is focused on studying the effect of the reprocessing cycles on the mechanical, thermal, and aesthetic properties of a biocomposite. This process is based on starch thermoplastic polymer (TPS) filled with 20 wt% almond shell powder (ASP) and epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) as a compatibilizing additive. To do so, the biocomposite was prepared in a twin-screw extruder, molded by injection, and characterized in terms of its mechanical, thermal, and visual properties (according to CieLab) and the melt flow index (MFI). The analyses carried out were tensile, flexural, Charpy impact tests, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of the reprocessing were also studied for the biodegradable unfilled TPS polymer. The results showed that TPS and TPS/ASP biocomposite suffer changes progressively on the properties studied after each reprocessing cycle. Furthermore, it was observed that the addition of ASP intensified these effects regarding TPS. However, in spite of the progressive degradation in both cases, it is technically feasible to reprocess the material at least three times without needing to incorporate virgin material.

scholarly journals Optimization of Maleinized Linseed Oil Loading as a Biobased Compatibilizer in Poly(Butylene Succinate) Composites with Almond Shell Flour

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Liminana ◽  
David Garcia-Sanoguera ◽  
Luis Quiles-Carrillo ◽  
Rafael Balart ◽  
Nestor Montanes
Keyword(s):  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Almond Shell ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Reactive Compatibilization ◽  
Plasticization Effect ◽  
Polymer Filler ◽  
Compatibilizing Effect ◽  
Compatibilizer Agent ◽  
Scanning Electron

Green composites of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) were manufactured with almond shell flour (ASF) by reactive compatibilization with maleinized linseed oil *MLO) by extrusion and subsequent injection molding. ASF was kept constant at 30 wt %, while the effect of different MLO loading on mechanical, thermal, thermomechanical, and morphology properties was studied. Uncompatibilized PBS/ASF composites show a remarkable decrease in mechanical properties due to the nonexistent polymer‒filler interaction, as evidenced by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). MLO provides a plasticization effect on PBS/ASF composites but, in addition, acts as a compatibilizer agent since the maleic anhydride groups contained in MLO are likely to react with hydroxyl groups in both PBS end chains and ASF particles. This compatibilizing effect is observed by FESEM with a reduction of the gap between the filler particles and the surrounding PBS matrix. In addition, the Tg of PBS increases from −28 °C to −12 °C with an MLO content of 10 wt %, thus indicating compatibilization. MLO has been validated as an environmentally friendly additive to PBS/ASF composites to give materials with high environmental efficiency.

Thermal Stability and Crystallization Behavior of PP/Organoclay Phase Change Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 785-786 ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
Ying Ye ◽  
Kun Yan Wang ◽  
Ge Chang ◽  
Qian Ying Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nucleation Agent ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Phase Change Composites ◽  
Change Material

Polypropylene/organoclay modified by dodecanol phase change material were prepared by melt blending method. The thermal stability and crystallization behavior was studied by thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). TG results indicated the window of processing of PP could be improved by adding small amount organoclay modified by dodecanol to the blend. DSC showed the organoclay modified by dodecanol affected the crystallization behavior of PP as heterogeneous nucleation agent. XRD results show that the organoclay modified by dodecanol does not change the crystal structure in the blends but only decrease the intensity of the diffraction peak.

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of Sustainable Composites from Bacterial Polyester Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) and Almond Shell Flour by Reactive Extrusion with Oligomers of Lactic Acid

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ivorra-Martinez ◽  
Jose Manuel-Mañogil ◽  
Teodomiro Boronat ◽  
Lourdes Sanchez-Nacher ◽  
Rafael Balart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Linear Thermal Expansion ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Thermomechanical Analysis ◽  
Almond Shell ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Filler Reinforcement ◽  
Lignocellulosic Filler

Eco-efficient Wood Plastic Composites (WPCs) have been obtained using poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hexanoate) (PHBH) as the polymer matrix, and almond shell flour (ASF), a by-product from the agro-food industry, as filler/reinforcement. These WPCs were prepared with different amounts of lignocellulosic fillers (wt %), namely 10, 20 and 30. The mechanical characterization of these WPCs showed an important increase in their stiffness with increasing the wt % ASF content. In addition, lower tensile strength and impact strength were obtained. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) study revealed the lack of continuity and poor adhesion among the PHBH-ASF interface. Even with the only addition of 10 wt % ASF, these green composites become highly brittle. Nevertheless, for real applications, the WPC with 30 wt % ASF is the most attracting material since it contributes to lowering the overall cost of the WPC and can be manufactured by injection moulding, but its properties are really compromised due to the lack of compatibility between the hydrophobic PHBH matrix and the hydrophilic lignocellulosic filler. To minimize this phenomenon, 10 and 20 phr (weight parts of OLA-Oligomeric Lactic Acid per one hundred weight parts of PHBH) were added to PHBH/ASF (30 wt % ASF) composites. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) suggested poor plasticization effect of OLA on PHBH-ASF composites. Nevertheless, the most important property OLA can provide to PHBH/ASF composites is somewhat compatibilization since some mechanical ductile properties are improved with OLA addition. The study by thermomechanical analysis (TMA), confirmed the increase of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) with increasing OLA content. The dynamic mechanical characterization (DTMA), revealed higher storage modulus, E’, with increasing ASF. Moreover, DTMA results confirmed poor plasticization of OLA on PHBH-ASF (30 wt % ASF) composites, but interesting compatibilization effects.

An easy approach to fabricating HgS/chitosan nanocomposite films and their ability to sense triethylamine

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Wang ◽  
Minyan Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract A chitosan (CS)–HgS nanocomposite was synthesized by a simulating biomineralization method. The effect of HgS nanoparticles on the physical properties of the composite was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the composite was 22°C higher than that of CS. The thermal stability of the composite was higher than that of CS, which was evidenced by the shift of onset temperature of degradation by 22°C as measured by DSC. The SEM image of the HgS/CS nanocomposite film shows that the nanoparticle size was 100 nm. The fluorescence emission of nanocomposite films was found to be very sensitive to the presence of triethylamine; even a small amount of triethylamine dramatically increased emissions. By contrast, emission was hardly affected by other common ions in water. The films are predicted to have the potential to be developed into excellent sensing films for triethylamine.

scholarly journals The Effect of Varying Almond Shell Flour (ASF) Loading in Composites with Poly(Butylene Succinate (PBS) Matrix Compatibilized with Maleinized Linseed Oil (MLO)

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Liminana ◽  
Luis Quiles-Carrillo ◽  
Teodomiro Boronat ◽  
Rafael Balart ◽  
Nestor Montanes
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Thermomechanical Analysis ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Almond Shell ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Compatibilization Effect ◽  
Industrial Level

In this work poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) composites with varying loads of almond shell flour (ASF) in the 10–50 wt % were manufactured by extrusion and subsequent injection molding thus showing the feasibility of these combined manufacturing processes for composites up to 50 wt % ASF. A vegetable oil-derived compatibilizer, maleinized linseed oil (MLO), was used in PBS/ASF composites with a constant ASF to MLO (wt/wt) ratio of 10.0:1.5. Mechanical properties of PBS/ASF/MLO composites were obtained by standard tensile, hardness, and impact tests. The morphology of these composites was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy—FESEM) and the main thermal properties were obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamical mechanical-thermal analysis (DMTA), thermomechanical analysis (TMA), and thermogravimetry (TGA). As the ASF loading increased, a decrease in maximum tensile strength could be detected due to the presence of ASF filler and a plasticization effect provided by MLO which also provided a compatibilization effect due to the interaction of succinic anhydride polar groups contained in MLO with hydroxyl groups in both PBS (hydroxyl terminal groups) and ASF (hydroxyl groups in cellulose). FESEM study reveals a positive contribution of MLO to embed ASF particles into the PBS matrix, thus leading to balanced mechanical properties. Varying ASF loading on PBS composites represents an environmentally-friendly solution to broaden PBS uses at the industrial level while the use of MLO contributes to overcome or minimize the lack of interaction between the hydrophobic PBS matrix and the highly hydrophilic ASF filler.

Plasticizer effect on melt blending of polylactide stereocomplex

e-Polymers ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yottha Srithep ◽  
Dutchanee Pholharn
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Neat Plla ◽  
Internal Mixer

AbstractPoly(l-lactide) (PLLA)/poly(d-lactide) (50/50) with plasticizer contents ranging from 2% to 16% w/w were prepared by melt blending using an internal mixer. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry results confirmed that complete stereocomplex polylactide crystallites without any homocrystallites were produced. Compared to neat PLLA, the melting temperature of the stereocomplex polylactide and its plasticized samples was approximately 55°C higher. Higher plasticizer contents decreased glass transition temperature of the stereocomplex, which implied higher flexibility and enhanced the crystallization rate. However, the plasticizer in the stereocomplex reduced the thermal stability.

scholarly journals Effect of polyaniline content and protonating dopants on electroconductive composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bednarczyk ◽  
Wiktor Matysiak ◽  
Tomasz Tański ◽  
Henryk Janeczek ◽  
Ewa Schab-Balcerzak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Electrospun Fibers ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractElastic constructive elements prepared by electrospinning using polyacrylonitrile/polyaniline (PAN/PANI) electroconductive composites were prepared and investigated in terms of their thermal and mechanical properties. This study was focused on the impact of the type of counterion of polyaniline and the PANI content in composites on the thermal, conductive and morphological properties of electrospun fibers. In this study, composites obtained from PANI doped with sulfuric acid showed the highest conductivity, and composites obtained from PANI doped with hydrochloric acid showed the highest thermal stability. All obtained composites exhibited good thermal stability, with T5 values in the range of 230–268 °C that increased with increasing PANI content. The prepared composites exhibited comparable PAN Tg values, which indicates their suitability for processing. Instrumental analysis of polymers and composites was carried out using UV–visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy.

Composite materials based on low-density polyethylene loaded with date pits

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1200-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiem Marzouk ◽  
Fedia Bettaieb ◽  
Ramzi Khiari ◽  
Hatem Majdoub
Keyword(s):  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Thermoplastic Matrix ◽  
Composites Materials ◽  
Lignocellulosic Filler ◽  
Date Pits ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Reinforcing Filler

This work is devoted to investigate the available agricultural Tunisian waste: the date pits as reinforcing filler for thermoplastic matrix. The chemical composition of this reinforcing filler is found to be comparable to nonwood plants: its content comprises of 13% of extractibles, 22% of lignin, and 61% of holocellulose. Then, the lignocellulosic filler was used to prepare different composites films using Brabender mixing device. A series of composite film was established by different loadings of the date pits waste with 10–50% of the filler in 10% as an interval. The ensuing composites materials were then characterized by several techniques such as the morphology of the composites, which was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The thermal properties of prepared materials were studied using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Finally, the mechanical and water absorption properties were involved. The obtained results indicated that date pits–based particles enhanced the thermomechanical properties of the thermoplastic matrix and demonstrated that this available lignocellulosic biomass can be considered to be a promising filler material.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Nanoparticle-Stacked 1,1-Diamino-2,2-Dinitroethylene (FOX-7) Microspheres with Increased Thermal Stability

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yuanping Zhang ◽  
Conghua Hou ◽  
Xinlei Jia ◽  
Jinyu Wang ◽  
Yingxin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Crystal Form ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Test Results ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Nanoparticle-stacked 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) microspheres were successfully prepared by spray-drying, and rod-shaped FOX-7 was obtained by the solvent/nonsolvent method for comparison. The microstructure features of samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the thermal properties were also investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). From the SEM analysis, the particle size of the rod-shaped FOX-7 is about 10 μm, whereas FOX-7 microspheres having a particle size ranging from 1 to 5 μm are formed by stacking nanoparticles with size of 100-250 nm. The crystal form of the samples prepared by the two methods did not change. The thermal performance test results showed that the rd-shaped FOX-7 had no significant change compared with the raw FOX-7, while the nanoparticle-stacked FOX-7 microspheres had higher thermal stability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document