scholarly journals Effect of Carbon Black Nanofiller on Adhesion Properties of SBS Rubber Surfaces Treated by Low-Pressure Plasma

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 616
Author(s):  
Jacek Tyczkowski ◽  
Jacek Balcerzak ◽  
Jan Sielski ◽  
Iwona Krawczyk-Kłys
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Peel Test ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Peel Strength ◽  
Bonded Joints ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adhesive Bonded Joints

Studies on the surface modification of commercial styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) rubber with different carbon black (CB) nanofiller content (10–80 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr)) performed by low-pressure oxygen plasma are presented in this paper. The adhesion properties of the rubber were determined by the peel test for adhesive-bonded joints prepared with a water-based polyurethane (PU) adhesive. The chemical structure and morphology of the SBS rubber surface before and after plasma treatment were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The peel tests showed that the plasma treatment significantly improved the strength of adhesive-bonded joints in the entire range of CB tested, revealing a clear maximum for approximately 50 phr of CB. It was also found that as a result of plasma treatment, functional groups that are responsible for the reactions with the PU adhesive, such as C−OH and C=O, were formed, and their concentration, similar to the peel strength, showed maximum values for approximately 50 phr CB. The occurrence of these maxima was explained using the bound rubber model.

scholarly journals Functionalization of Neutral Polypropylene by Using Low Pressure Plasma Treatment: Effects on Surface Characteristics and Adhesion Properties

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Mandolfino ◽  
Enrico Lertora ◽  
Carla Gambaro ◽  
Marco Pizzorni
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Bonded Joints ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Pressure Plasma ◽  
Low Pressure Plasma

Polyolefins are considered among the most difficult polymeric materials to treat because they have poor adhesive properties and high chemical barrier responses. In this paper, an in-depth study is reported for the low pressure plasma (LPP) treatment of neutral polypropylene to improve adhesion properties. Changes in wettability, chemical species, surface morphology and roughness of the polypropylene surfaces were evaluated by water contact angle measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and, furthermore, atomic force microscopy (AFM). Finally, the bonded joints were subjected to tensile tests, in order to evaluate the practical effect of changes in adhesion properties. The results indicate that plasma is an effective treatment for the surface preparation of polypropylene for the creation of bonded joints: contact angles decreased significantly depending on the plasma-parameter setup, surface morphology was also found to vary with plasma power, exposure time and working gas.

scholarly journals Low-pressure plasma treatment applied to polymeric materials for a sustainable footwear industry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Ruzafa-Silvestre ◽  
Pilar Carbonell-Blasco ◽  
Elena Orgiles-Calpena ◽  
Francisca Aran Ais
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Chemical Surface ◽  
Pressure Plasma ◽  
Low Pressure Plasma

In this paper INESCOP proposes the improvement of the bonding of footwear soling materials using the low-pressure plasma surface treatment as a non-polluting and resource-efficient technology by means of adhesive bonds, with a reactive hot melt polyurethane adhesive, as a more sustainable alternative to current chemical surface treatments such as halogenation. More precisely, low-pressure plasma is capable of cleaning and removing all impurities, such as oxides, oils and fats on material surface. Then, it is activated by producing new chemicals species on the top layer of the substrate. Thus, the materials’ surface acquires new surface functionalities, improving the compatibility adhesive-substrate and, therefore their adhesion properties. Furthermore, in this work the surface modifications produced in these materials of different polymeric nature have been optimised to increase their roughness, wettability, adhesive properties, etc., and have been validated through various experimental characterisation techniques. As a result, the samples treated with plasma meet the adhesion requirements for footwear materials. As a result, low-pressure plasma treatment has desmonstrated to be a green, alternative, and sustainable technology in line with European policies on circular economy, which enhances material surface properties by improving the adhesion bonding process.

Effect of plasma treatment and electron beam radiations on the strength of nanofilled adhesive-bonded joints

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1505-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M.S. Iqbal ◽  
S. Bhowmik ◽  
J.A. Poulis ◽  
R. Benedictus
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Bonded Joints ◽  
Adhesive Bonded Joints

Adhesion of Copper to Polytetrafluoroethylene

1989 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Kil Kim ◽  
Chin-An Chang ◽  
A.G. Schrott ◽  
J. Andreshak ◽  
M. Cali
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Peel Test ◽  
Peel Strength ◽  
Interface Morphology ◽  
Ion Beam Sputtering ◽  
Polymer Substrates ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Beam Sputtering ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractAn enhancement of the adhesion between copper and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has been studied. Thin-films of copper were electron-beam deposited on the surface of the polymer substrates. Peel test measurements showed that, without any treatment of the substrates, the adhesion was poor with a peel strength of 1-2 g/mm. A pronounced enhancement of the adhesion has been obtained when the fluorocarbon substrates were treated by either an ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, an ion-beam presputtering prior to the metal deposition, or heat treatments after the deposition. Among the treatments employed, the ion-beam sputtering was the most effective in improving the adhesion. The roles of the treatments and possible reasons for the enhanced adhesion are discussed in conjunction with the studies of interface morphology and chemistry using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy, and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.

Effect of Cold Plasma Treatment on Surface Roughness and Bonding Strength of Polymeric Substrates

2014 ◽  
Vol 611-612 ◽  
pp. 1484-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Mandolfino ◽  
Enrico Lertora ◽  
Carla Gambaro
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Bonded Joints ◽  
Plasma Process ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Low Surface Energy ◽  
Lap Shear ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Polymeric Substrates ◽  
Adhesive Bonded Joints

For an effective application of polymers, it is essential to have good adhesion behaviour to ensure good mechanical properties and durable components. Unfortunately, in general terms, polymers are characterized by high chemical inertness, which leads to very low surface energy values and, consequently, poor adhesive properties; this is particularly true for polyolefins. In this study, the effects of low pressure plasma treatment on surface roughness of polyethylene and polypropylene samples and on shear properties of adhesive bonded joints based on these substrates have been investigated. In particular, the optimization of three plasma process parameters, exposure time, voltage and working gas, were studied performing roughness measurement, contact angle evaluation and lap-shear tests. The experimental results show that the optimized plasma process may remarkably change the surface morphology, increasing wettability properties of the surfaces and shear strength of the bonded joints. These good properties remain almost unchanged even after some days of storage in the laboratory.

Adhesion of Copper to Polytetrafluoroethylene

1989 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Kil Kim ◽  
Chin-An Chang ◽  
A. G. Schrott ◽  
J. Andreshak ◽  
M. Cali
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Peel Test ◽  
Peel Strength ◽  
Interface Morphology ◽  
Ion Beam Sputtering ◽  
Polymer Substrates ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Beam Sputtering ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractAn enhancement of the adhesion between copper and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has been studied. Thin-films of copper were electron-beam deposited on the surface of the polymer substrates. Peel test measurements showed that, without any treatment of the substrates, the adhesion was poor with a peel strength of 1–2 g/mm. A pronounced enhancement of the adhesion has been obtained when the fluorocarbon substrates were treated by either an ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, an ion-beam presputtering prior to the metal deposition, or heat treatments after the deposition. Among the treatments employed, the ion-beam sputtering was the most effective in improving the adhesion. The roles of the treatments and possible reasons for the enhanced adhesion are discussed in conjunction with the studies of interface morphology and chemistry using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy, and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.

Effect of Temperature/Humidity Treatment on Interfacial Reliability on Screen-Printed Ag / Polyimide for Advanced Embedded Packaging Technologies

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
pp. 000545-000550
Author(s):  
Kyu Hawn Lee ◽  
Byung-Hyun Bae ◽  
Min-Su Jeong ◽  
Jeong-Kyu Kim ◽  
Young-Bae Park
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Peel Test ◽  
Peel Strength ◽  
Adhesion Energy ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Interfacial Reliability ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion Energy ◽  
Screen Printed

Abstract The effect of temperature/humidity treatment conditions on the interfacial adhesion energy between a screen printed Ag film and a polyimide substrate was evaluated by using a 90° peel test. The measured peel strength values decrease from 254.7 N/m to 59.3 N/m after the temperature/humidity treatment at 85°CC/85% relative humidity for 500 h. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the peeled surfaces indicates that peeling occurs cohesively inside of the polyimide, which is closely related to both the decrease in the interfacial adhesion energy and the polyimide degradation due to weak boundary layer formation.

Wet Removal of Post-Etch Residues by a Combination of UV Irradiation and a SC1 Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Els Kesters ◽  
Q.T. Le ◽  
I. Simms ◽  
K. Nafus ◽  
H. Struyf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Critical Dimension ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
High Adhesion ◽  
Patterned Structures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lift Off

In back-end of line processing (BEOL), the polymer deposited on the dielectric sidewalls during the etch process must be removed prior to subsequent processing steps to achieve high adhesion and good coverage of materials deposited in the etched features [1, . Typically, this is done by a combination of a short plasma treatment and a diluted wet clean, or by wet cleans alone. On the one hand, for porous dielectric stacks, a mild plasma treatment that preserves the integrity of the low-k dielectrics would not be sufficient to effectively remove this residue. With regard to wet clean, diluted aqueous solutions (e.g. HF-based) are not efficient for polymer removal without etching the underlying dielectric to lift off the polymer, leading to unacceptable critical dimension (CD) loss. In addition, analytical techniques available for direct characterization of sidewall residues are limited. For a fast screening of potential chemistries capable of dissolving/removing polymer residues generated during the low-k etch, a model fluoropolymer was deposited on a blanket, checkerboard low-k substrate. The present study mainly focused on the characterization of model polymer after deposition (as-deposited) and after immersion in aqueous and solvent-based cleaning solutions. The polymer removal efficiency was influenced/ improved by UV treatments prior to wet clean processes. In the second part of the study, selected UV treatment conditions and cleaning solutions were applied to low-k patterned structures using Angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AR-XPS) to characterize the dielectric sidewall before and after UV modification and the subsequent cleaning process.

scholarly journals Addition of Graphene Oxide in Different Stages of the Synthesis of Waterborne Polyurethane-Urea Adhesives and Its Influence on Their Structure, Thermal, Viscoelastic and Adhesion Properties

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abir Tounici ◽  
José Miguel Martín-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane ◽  
Peel Strength ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Water Addition ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Lap Shear ◽  
Before And After

In this study, 0.04 wt % graphene oxide (GO) was added in different stages (before and after prepolymer formation, and during water addition) of the synthesis of waterborne polyurethane-urea dispersions (PUDs) prepared by using the acetone method. The structural, thermal, mechanical, viscoelastic, surface and adhesion properties of the polyurethane-ureas (PUUs) containing 0.04 wt % GO were studied. The addition of GO before and after prepolymer formation produced covalent bonds between the GO sheets and the NCO groups of the isocyanate, whereas the GO sheets were trapped between the polyurethane chains when added during water addition step. As a consequence, depending on the stage of the PUD synthesis in which GO was added, the degree of micro-phase separation between the hard and soft segments changed differently. The addition of GO before prepolymer formation changed more efficiently the polyurethane-urea structure, i.e., the covalently bonded GO sheets disturbed the interactions between the hard segments causing lower percentage of free urethane groups, higher crystallinity, lower storage modulus, higher yield stress and T-peel strength. The interactions between the GO sheets and the polymeric chains have been evidenced by plate-plate rheology, thermal gravimetric analysis and spectroscopy. On the other hand, physical interactions between GO and the polyurethane-urea chains were produced when GO was added in water during the synthesis, i.e., GO was acting as a nanofiller, which justified the improved mechanical properties and high lap-shear strength, but poor T-peel strength.

scholarly journals Preparation of Progressive Antibacterial LDPE Surface via Active Biomolecule Deposition Approach

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma Habib ◽  
Marian Lehocky ◽  
Daniela Vesela ◽  
Petr Humpolíček ◽  
Igor Krupa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Rf Plasma ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Peel Tests

The use of polymers in all aspects of daily life is increasing considerably, so there is high demand for polymers with specific properties. Polymers with antibacterial properties are highly needed in the food and medical industries. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is widely used in various industries, especially in food packaging, because it has suitable mechanical and safety properties. Nevertheless, the hydrophobicity of its surface makes it vulnerable to microbial attack and culturing. To enhance antimicrobial activity, a progressive surface modification of LDPE using the antimicrobial agent grafting process was applied. LDPE was first exposed to nonthermal radio-frequency (RF) plasma treatment to activate its surface. This led to the creation of reactive species on the LDPE surface, resulting in the ability to graft antibacterial agents, such as ascorbic acid (ASA), commonly known as vitamin C. ASA is a well-known antioxidant that is used as a food preservative, is essential to biological systems, and is found to be reactive against a number of microorganisms and bacteria. The antimicrobial effect of grafted LDPE with ASA was tested against two strong kinds of bacteria, namely, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), with positive results. Surface analyses were performed thoroughly using contact angle measurements and peel tests to measure the wettability or surface free energy and adhesion properties after each modification step. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to analyze the surface morphology or topography changes of LDPE caused by plasma treatment and ASA grafting. Surface chemistry was studied by measuring the functional groups and elements introduced to the surface after plasma treatment and ASA grafting, using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These results showed wettability, adhesion, and roughness changes in the LDPE surface after plasma treatment, as well as after ASA grafting. This is a positive indicator of the ability of ASA to be grafted onto polymeric materials using plasma pretreatment, resulting in enhanced antibacterial activity.

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