scholarly journals A Review on the Partial and Complete Dissolution and Fractionation of Wood and Lignocelluloses Using Imidazolium Ionic Liquids

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatem Abushammala ◽  
Jia Mao
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Cellulose Composites ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reaction Media

Ionic liquids have shown great potential in the last two decades as solvents, catalysts, reaction media, additives, lubricants, and in many applications such as electrochemical systems, hydrometallurgy, chromatography, CO2 capture, etc. As solvents, the unlimited combinations of cations and anions have given ionic liquids a remarkably wide range of solvation power covering a variety of organic and inorganic materials. Ionic liquids are also considered “green” solvents due to their negligible vapor pressure, which means no emission of volatile organic compounds. Due to these interesting properties, ionic liquids have been explored as promising solvents for the dissolution and fractionation of wood and cellulose for biofuel production, pulping, extraction of nanocellulose, and for processing all-wood and all-cellulose composites. This review describes, at first, the potential of ionic liquids and the impact of the cation/anion combination on their physiochemical properties and on their solvation power and selectivity to wood polymers. It also elaborates on how the dissolution conditions influence these parameters. It then discusses the different approaches, which are followed for the homogeneous and heterogeneous dissolution and fractionation of wood and cellulose using ionic liquids and categorize them based on the target application. It finally highlights the challenges of using ionic liquids for wood and cellulose dissolution and processing, including side reactions, viscosity, recyclability, and price.

Synthesis of organophosphorus compounds using ionic liquids

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavinia Macarie ◽  
Nicoleta Plesu ◽  
Smaranda Iliescu ◽  
Gheorghe Ilia
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
High Solubility ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
Reaction Media ◽  
Organophosphorus Chemistry ◽  
Synthesis Reactions ◽  
Toxic Organic Solvents

Abstract Organophosphorus chemistry was developed in the last decade by promoting the synthesis reactions using ionic liquids either as solvent or catalyst. Ionic liquids (ILs), the so-called “green solvents”, have gained interest in the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds as alternatives to flammable and toxic organic solvents and catalysts. ILs have beneficial properties because they provide high solubility for many organic and inorganic compounds or metal complexes, have no vapor pressure, and are reusable. Also, in some cases, they can enhance the reactivity of chemical reagents. In this review, we aimed at showing the synthesis of different organophosphorus compounds under green and mild conditions using ILs as reaction media or catalysts, according to a trend developed in the last years. A novel trend is to perform these syntheses under microwave irradiation conditions together with ILs as solvents and catalysts.

scholarly journals Ionic liquids. Green solvents for the future

2000 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 1391-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martyn J. Earle ◽  
Kenneth R. Seddon
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future

Ionic liquids, being composed entirely of ions, were once mainly of interest to electrochemists. Recently, however, it has become apparent that, inter alia, their lack of measurable vapor pressure characterizes them as green solvents, and that a wide range of chemical reactions (reviewed here) can be performed in them.

scholarly journals Screening of Metal Chloride Anion-based Ionic Liquids for Direct Conversion of Hydrogen Sulfide by COSMO-RS

2021 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Muhammad Syahir Aminuddin ◽  
Zakaria Man ◽  
Mohamad Azmi Bustam Khalil ◽  
Bawadi Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Chloride Anion ◽  
Metal Chloride ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Reaction Media

In order to identify the best possible reaction media for performing H2S conversion, a total number of 300 different ILs from a combination of 20 cations and 15 anions were screened via COSMO-RS model simulations. By COSMO-RS method, thermodynamic and physicochemical properties of 300 ILs such as Henry’s law constants, activity coefficient, selectivity, capacity and performance index are obtained and analyzed. Thus, by comparing the performance of ILs via COSMO-RS, a series of TSILs containing cation of [P66614] with metal chloride anions such as Fe, Ga and Sn were chosen and selected for synthesis based on their performance predicted by COSMO-RS and their economic values. Consequently, the physiochemical properties such as density, viscosity, thermal properties, as well as H2S absorptive oxidation performances in those TSILs will be systematically investigated.

Ionic Liquid Promoted Eco-friendly and Efficient Synthesis of Six-membered Npolyheterocycles

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1124-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navjeet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Catalyzed Reactions ◽  
Metal Catalyzed ◽  
Reaction Media

Background: The synthesis of N-polyheterocycles by environmentally benign method is highly attractive but challenging proposition. New strategies have been developed for the preparation of polycyclic heterocycles in the last decades. In this review article, the synthesis of nitrogen containing six-membered polycyclic heterocyclic compounds is presented with the application of ionic liquids. This contribution focuses on the literature related to the total synthesis of six-membered N-polyheterocycles. Objective: Ionic liquids not only acted as environmentally benign reaction media but also as catalysts which afforded the very promising replacements of traditional molecular solvents in organic chemistry due to their stability, non-flammability, non-volatility and ease of recyclability. Ionic liquids are utilized in metal catalyzed reactions in place of organic solvents in the last years. It has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Ionic liquids acted as alternatives of organic solvents and these ILs are environment friendly. Conclusion: In the area of green chemistry ionic liquid assisted synthesis is a very promising technique which afforded a flexible platform for the formation of heterocycles. The influence of ILs on the development of efficient and new synthetic protocols over the last decade for the construction of N-polyheterocycles is featured in this review article. These synthetic strategies will continue to attract more attention and will find a wide range of applications in organic synthesis. In conclusion, ionic liquids assisted syntheses have become an efficient and powerful tool in organic chemistry quickly.

Zeolite Supported Ionic Liquid Catalyst for the Synthesis of Nano-Cellulose from Palm Tree Biomass

2014 ◽  
Vol 925 ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid ◽  
Md. Al Amin ◽  
Md Eaqub Ali
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Ionic Mobility ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Petroleum Refineries

Nanocellulose promises to be a very versatile material having wide range of biomedical and biotechnological applications including tissue engineering, drug delivery, wound dressings, medical implants, food, cosmetics, paper and textiles. The current methods for the synthesis of nanocellulose involve harsh chemical treatments which are perpetually hazardous to human and environment. Catalytic synthesis of nanocellulose might be a green approach. Among the various types of catalyst, ionic liquids, which are composed of both cations and anions and have low or negligible vapor pressure, are particularly promising. Ionic liquids also exhibit a relatively wide electrochemically stable window, good electrical conductivity, high ionic mobility, a broad range of room temperature liquid compositions, selective dissolvability to many organic and inorganic materials, and excellent chemical and thermal stabilities. In contrast, zeolite catalysts have been used in petroleum refineries for the removal of sulfur. Zeolite catalysts are also important for the synthesis of bulk chemicals, fine and specialty chemicals, fuels and chemicals. Acidic and metal modified micro porous zeolite catalysts have been used in several commercial processes in petroleum industry, fuel components, abatement of exhaust gas emissions and biomass upgrading, pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. Currently, zeolite catalysts are synthesized in powder form and to make them industrially useful, such catalysts have to be mixed with a binder and formulated in different shapes. This paper reviewed the introduction, preparation, synthesis and application of nanocellulose from lignocellulosic palm biomass.

Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids in Glycoscience: Opportunities and Challenges+

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanchayita Rajkhowa ◽  
Raju R. Kale ◽  
Jyotirmoy Sarma ◽  
Abhijeet Kumar ◽  
Prabhu P. Mohapatra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Room Temperature Ionic Liquids ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Wide Range

: Carbohydrates are fascinating molecular scaffolds known for their diverse applications in chemistry, biology, medicine, technology, and materials science. In addition, owing to the notable features of room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) such as high yield, short reaction time, simple handling, excellent recyclability, and environmentally benign nature, they have been extensively utilized as green solvents, catalysts, or both in a wide range of organic transformation methodologies for easy access of a diverse range of biologically relevant molecules. This review highlights the importance of RTILs that offer promising solutions in glycoscience, particularly in relevance to the dissolution, functionalization, glycosylation, and modification of carbohydrates as well as their challenges, impact, and future perspectives.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic Effects of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids on Fish and Human Cell Lines

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Cvjetko ◽  
Kristina Radošević ◽  
Andrej Tomica ◽  
Igor Slivac ◽  
Jasna Vorkapić-Furač ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Human Cell ◽  
Human Cell Lines ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Imidazolium Ionic Liquids ◽  
Cell Line Hela ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Cytotoxic Effects of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids on Fish and Human Cell LinesIonic liquids bring a promise of a wide range of "green" applications that could replace conventional volatile solvents. However, before these applications become large-scale, their toxicity needs to be investigated in order to predict the impact on human health and environment. In this study we assessed the cytotoxicity of imidazolium ionic liquids (in the concentrations between 0.1 mmol L-1 and 10 mmol L-1) in the ovarian fish cell line CCO and the human tumour cell line HeLa using the MTT cell viability assay. Our results showed that the most cytotoxic ionic liquid was 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoro methylsulphonyl)imide, [BMIM][Tf2N], followed by 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM][BF4], 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM][PF6], and 1,3-dimethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [MMIM][PF6]. Generally, the effects were concentration-dependent. They also depended on the type of anion and the n-alkyl chain length. The comparison between the fish CCO and human HeLa cell lines suggests that CCO cells provide a good biological system for initial toxicity testing of ionic liquids that could replace in vivo bioassays.

scholarly journals Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents for CO2 Conversion Technologies—A Review

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4519
Author(s):  
Kranthi Kumar Maniam ◽  
Shiladitya Paul
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Electrochemical Conversion ◽  
Co2 Electroreduction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Energy Processes ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Reaction Media

Ionic liquids (ILs) have a wide range of potential uses in renewable energy, including CO2 capture and electrochemical conversion. With the goal of providing a critical overview of the progression, new challenges, and prospects of ILs for evolving green renewable energy processes, this review emphasizes the significance of ILs as electrolytes and reaction media in two primary areas of interest: CO2 electroreduction and organic molecule electrosynthesis via CO2 transformation. Herein, we briefly summarize the most recent advances in the field, as well as approaches based on the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to industrially important compounds employing ILs as an electrolyte and/or reaction media. In addition, the review also discusses the advances made possible by deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in CO2 electroreduction to CO. Finally, the critical techno-commercial issues connected with employing ILs and DESs as an electrolyte or ILs as reaction media are reviewed, along with a future perspective on the path to rapid industrialization.

Toxicological study of some ionic liquids

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Perales ◽  
Laura Lomba ◽  
María García-Escudero ◽  
Esther Sarasa ◽  
Carlos E. Lafuente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Nitrogen Atom ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Pyridinium Ring ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The increasing interest in the development of new environment-friendly solvents has led to the synthesis of new materials that minimize the impact of solvents on the environment. However, most of the published studies on green solvents focus primarily on their physicochemical properties, with limited emphasis on their toxicological risk in the environment. In this study, the acute toxicities of five ionic liquids, 1-propylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-2-methylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate and 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate, on Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna are evaluated. In the latter bioassay, the presence and position of a methyl group on the pyridinium ring or the length of the chain attached to the nitrogen atom seem to be the key factors for toxicity. In the Vibrio fischeri study, the alkyl chain attached to the nitrogen atom has a considerable influence on EC50 values. Moreover, quantitative structure activity relationship studies are performed to relate their physicochemical properties with their acute toxicity.

Ionic Liquids: The Neglected Issues

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Scammells ◽  
Janet L. Scott ◽  
Robert D. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Key Issues

There has been an explosion of interest in ionic liquids in the last five years that has resulted in the discovery of a vast number of new ionic liquids with a wide range of interesting applications. Although ionic liquids are invariably described as highly stable green solvents, thorough investigations quantifying their purity, stability, biodegradability, and toxicity have lagged behind the pace of other research in the area. This review addresses these key issues and summarizes the approaches that have been developed for recycling ionic liquids.

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