Ionic Liquids: The Neglected Issues

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Scammells ◽  
Janet L. Scott ◽  
Robert D. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Key Issues

There has been an explosion of interest in ionic liquids in the last five years that has resulted in the discovery of a vast number of new ionic liquids with a wide range of interesting applications. Although ionic liquids are invariably described as highly stable green solvents, thorough investigations quantifying their purity, stability, biodegradability, and toxicity have lagged behind the pace of other research in the area. This review addresses these key issues and summarizes the approaches that have been developed for recycling ionic liquids.

scholarly journals Understanding the Future Impacts of Electric Vehicles—An Analysis of Multiple Factors That Influence the Market

Vehicles ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-871
Author(s):  
Jonathan Wellings ◽  
David Greenwood ◽  
Stuart R. Coles
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vehicle Market

The electric vehicle market is an increasingly important aspect of the automotive industry. However, as a relatively new technology, several issues remain present within the industry. An analysis is utilised to examine these issues, along with how they affect the industry and how they can be tackled. Several key issues that affect the electric vehicle market, as well as how efforts to address these issues influence the market, are identified. The analysis also includes the examination of ethical issues, with the issues that arise from the production of raw materials for electric vehicles. The analysis and examination of ethical issues display a wide range of problems in the industry. However, it did highlight the efforts being made to lessen the effect of these problems by various groups, such as regulation by EU and US governing bodies on the materials mined. From this analysis, this paper identifies that many of the other factors examined are directly or indirectly influenced by political and economic factors, also examined in this review. This highlights the impact that governing bodies and businesses have on a vast number of issues that are present within the market and how they can resolve the harmful factors examined.

scholarly journals Ionic liquids. Green solvents for the future

2000 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 1391-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martyn J. Earle ◽  
Kenneth R. Seddon
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future

Ionic liquids, being composed entirely of ions, were once mainly of interest to electrochemists. Recently, however, it has become apparent that, inter alia, their lack of measurable vapor pressure characterizes them as green solvents, and that a wide range of chemical reactions (reviewed here) can be performed in them.

Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids in Glycoscience: Opportunities and Challenges+

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanchayita Rajkhowa ◽  
Raju R. Kale ◽  
Jyotirmoy Sarma ◽  
Abhijeet Kumar ◽  
Prabhu P. Mohapatra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Room Temperature Ionic Liquids ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Wide Range

: Carbohydrates are fascinating molecular scaffolds known for their diverse applications in chemistry, biology, medicine, technology, and materials science. In addition, owing to the notable features of room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) such as high yield, short reaction time, simple handling, excellent recyclability, and environmentally benign nature, they have been extensively utilized as green solvents, catalysts, or both in a wide range of organic transformation methodologies for easy access of a diverse range of biologically relevant molecules. This review highlights the importance of RTILs that offer promising solutions in glycoscience, particularly in relevance to the dissolution, functionalization, glycosylation, and modification of carbohydrates as well as their challenges, impact, and future perspectives.

scholarly journals A Review on the Partial and Complete Dissolution and Fractionation of Wood and Lignocelluloses Using Imidazolium Ionic Liquids

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatem Abushammala ◽  
Jia Mao
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Cellulose Composites ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reaction Media

Ionic liquids have shown great potential in the last two decades as solvents, catalysts, reaction media, additives, lubricants, and in many applications such as electrochemical systems, hydrometallurgy, chromatography, CO2 capture, etc. As solvents, the unlimited combinations of cations and anions have given ionic liquids a remarkably wide range of solvation power covering a variety of organic and inorganic materials. Ionic liquids are also considered “green” solvents due to their negligible vapor pressure, which means no emission of volatile organic compounds. Due to these interesting properties, ionic liquids have been explored as promising solvents for the dissolution and fractionation of wood and cellulose for biofuel production, pulping, extraction of nanocellulose, and for processing all-wood and all-cellulose composites. This review describes, at first, the potential of ionic liquids and the impact of the cation/anion combination on their physiochemical properties and on their solvation power and selectivity to wood polymers. It also elaborates on how the dissolution conditions influence these parameters. It then discusses the different approaches, which are followed for the homogeneous and heterogeneous dissolution and fractionation of wood and cellulose using ionic liquids and categorize them based on the target application. It finally highlights the challenges of using ionic liquids for wood and cellulose dissolution and processing, including side reactions, viscosity, recyclability, and price.

Mapping the “Extra Solvent Power, ESP” of Ionic Liquids for Monomers, Polymers and Globular Nanoparticles

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Pomposo
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Linear Polymers ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Ionic Polymers ◽  
First Time ◽  
Solvent Power

Understanding the miscibility behavior of ionic liquid (IL) / monomer, IL / polymer and IL / nanoparticle mixtures is critical for the use of ILs as green solvents in polymerization processes, and to rationalize recent observations concerning the superior solubility of some proteins in ILs when compared to standard solvents. In this work, the most relevant results obtained in terms of a three-component Flory-Huggins theory concerning the “Extra Solvent Power, ESP” of ILs when compared to traditional non-ionic solvents for monomeric solutes (case I), linear polymers (case II) and globular nanoparticles (case III) are presented. Moreover, useful ESP maps are drawn for the first time for IL mixtures corresponding to case I, II and III. Finally, a potential pathway to improve the miscibility of non-ionic polymers in ILs is also proposed.

Ionic Liquids for Topical Delivery in Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (41) ◽  
pp. 7520-7532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Rita Dias ◽  
João Costa-Rodrigues ◽  
Cátia Teixeira ◽  
Cristina Prudêncio ◽  
Paula Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Topical Drug Delivery ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
2Nd Generation ◽  
Windows Of Opportunity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Technology ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Per Se

: The unique properties of ionic liquids make them quite appealing for diverse applications, from “green” solvents (1st generation ionic liquids) to finely tuned materials (2nd generation ionic liquids). A decade ago, a 3rd generation of ionic liquids emerged which is focused on their prospective clinical applications, either as drugs per se or as adjuvants in drug formulations. In recent years, research focused on the use of ionic liquids for topical drug delivery has been increasing and holds great promise towards clinical application against skin cancers. This article highlights the growing relevance of ionic liquids in medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical technology, which is opening new windows of opportunity.

Green Chemistry and Green Solvents: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-325
Author(s):  
Barla Karuna Devi ◽  
Swathi Naraparaju ◽  
Chaganti Soujanya ◽  
Sayan Dutta Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Eutectic Mixtures ◽  
Organic Carbonates

: Green chemistry emphasizes designing novel routes to overcome health and environmental problems that occur during a chemical reaction. Green solvents are used in place of conventional solvents that are hazardous to both human and the environment. Solvents like water, ionic liquids, supercritical CO2, biosolvents, organic carbonates, and deep eutectic mixtures can be used as green solvents. The review focuses on the properties, applications, and limitations of these solvents.

Mechanistic Investigation of the Synergy of a Wide Range of Salinities and Ionic Liquids for Enhanced Oil Recovery: Fluid–Fluid Interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 3011-3031
Author(s):  
Ali Esfandiarian ◽  
Ali Maghsoudian ◽  
Mahsa Shirazi ◽  
Yousef Tamsilian ◽  
Shahin Kord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Mechanistic Investigation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fluid Interactions

scholarly journals Measurement of the hydrogen bond acceptance of ionic liquids and green solvents by the 19F solvatomagnetic comparison method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Laurence ◽  
Sergui Mansour ◽  
Daniela Vuluga ◽  
Julien Legros
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Reliable Measurement

A 19F solvatomagnetic comparison of 4-fluorophenol and 4-fluoroanisole yields a more reliable measurement of the hydrogen-bond acceptance of ionic liquids and green solvents than the solvatochromic comparison method.

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