scholarly journals Analysis of Cultivar-Specific Variability in Size-Related Leaf Traits and Modeling of Single Leaf Area in Three Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: Ocimum basilicum L., Mentha Spp., and Salvia Spp.

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Maurizio Teobaldelli ◽  
Boris Basile ◽  
Francesco Giuffrida ◽  
Daniela Romano ◽  
Stefania Toscano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Measured Parameter ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Best Fitting

In this study, five allometric models were used to estimate the single leaf area of three well-known medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) species, namely basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), mint (Mentha spp.), and sage (Salvia spp.). MAPs world production is expected to rise up to 5 trillion US$ by 2050 and, therefore, there is a high interest in developing research related to this horticultural sector. Calibration of the models was obtained separately for three selected species by analyzing (a) the cultivar variability—i.e., 5 cultivars of basil (1094 leaves), 4 of mint (901 leaves), and 5 of sage (1103 leaves)—in the main two traits related to leaf size (leaf length, L, and leaf width, W) and (b) the relationship between these traits and single leaf area (LA). Validation of the chosen models was obtained for each species using an independent dataset, i.e., 487, 441, and 418 leaves, respectively, for basil (cv. ‘Lettuce Leaf’), mint (cv. ‘Comune’), and sage (cv. ‘Comune’). Model calibration based on fast-track methodologies, such as those using one measured parameter (one-regressor models: L, W, L2, and W2) or on more accurate two-regressors models (L × W), allowed to achieve different levels of accuracy. This approach highlighted the importance of considering intra-specific variability before applying any models to a certain cultivar to predict single LA. Eventually, during the validation phase, although modeling of single LA based on W2 showed a good fitting (R2basil = 0.948; R2mint = 0.963; R2sage = 0.925), the distribution of the residuals was always unsatisfactory. On the other hand, two-regressor models (based on the product L × W) provided the best fitting and accuracy for basil (R2 = 0.992; RMSE = 0.327 cm2), mint (R2 = 0.998; RMSE = 0.222 cm2), and sage (R2 = 0.998; RMSE = 0.426 cm2).

scholarly journals Models for estimating yacon leaf area

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wellington A Erlacher ◽  
Fábio L Oliveira ◽  
Gustavo S Fialho ◽  
Diego MN Silva ◽  
Arnaldo HO Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Logarithmic Model ◽  
Area Estimate ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Non Destructive

ABSTRACT The recent exploration of yacon demands scientific information for improving the crop production technology. This study aimed to set a leaf area estimate model for yacon plants, using non-destructive measurements of leaf length (L) and/or width (W). Sixty-four representative yacon plants were randomly selected in an experimental field during the full vegetative growth. One thousand leaves of various sizes were taken from those plants for setting and validating a model. The logarithmic model best fitted this purpose, the result of multiplying length by width being used as independent variable. Yacon leaf area can be determined with high precision and accuracy by LALW = (-27.7418 + (3.9812LW / ln LW ) , disregarding the leaf size.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of water loss of excised leaves associated with drought tolerance in wheat

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Mieczysława Czyczyło-Mysza ◽  
Izabela Marcińska ◽  
Edyta Skrzypek ◽  
Jan Bocianowski ◽  
Kinga Dziurka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Leaf Water Loss

Background Wheat is widely affected by drought. Low excised-leaf water loss (ELWL) has frequently been associated with improved grain yield under drought. This study dissected the genetic control of ELWL in wheat, associated physiological, morphological and anatomical leaf traits, and compared these with yield QTLs. Methods Ninety-four hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) doubled haploids, mapped with over 700 markers, were tested for three years for ELWL from detached leaf 4 of glasshouse-grown plants. In one experiment, stomata per unit area and leaf thickness parameters from leaf cross-sections were measured. QTLs were identified using QTLCartographer. Results ELWL was significantly negatively correlated with leaf length, width, area and thickness. Major QTLs for ELWL during 0–3 h and 3–6 h were coincident across trials on 3A, 3B, 4B, 5B, 5D, 6B, 7A, 7B, 7D and frequently coincident (inversely) with leaf size QTLs. Yield in other trials was sometimes associated with ELWL and leaf size phenotypically and genotypically, but more frequently under non-droughted than droughted conditions. QTL coincidence showed only ELWL to be associated with drought/control yield ratio. Discussion Our results demonstrated that measures of ELWL and leaf size were equally effective predictors of yield, and both were more useful for selecting under favourable than stressed conditions.

scholarly journals Feasibility in Estimating the Dry Leaf Mass and Specific Leaf Area of 50 Bamboo Species Based on Nondestructive Measurements

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1554
Author(s):  
Yongjin Du ◽  
Weiliang Fan ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
Mengxiang Zheng ◽  
Leixin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Bamboo Species ◽  
Aboveground Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Nondestructive Measurements

Specific leaf area (SLA) is a good predictor of aboveground net primary productivity. However, the SLA of bamboo species is generally estimated on the basis of destructive measurements rather than the cost-effective and recyclable nondestructive measurements using easily accessible leaf traits such as leaf length (L) and width (W). Considering the strong empirical relationships between leaf area (LA) and leaf structural parameters of bamboo species that were developed by previous studies, this study explores the feasibility of estimating the leaf dry mass (LDM) and SLA of 50 bamboo species using L and W. The results show that the Montgomery equation and its similar forms precisely estimated LA of the 50 bamboo species at both leaf scale (R2 > 0.96 and MAE% < 4.67%) and the canopy scale (R2 > 0.99 and RMSE < 0.09); the LDM of the 50 bamboo species could also be estimated using L and W at both leaf scale (R2 > 0.52 and MAE% < 26.35%) and the canopy scale (R2 > 0.99 and RMSE < 0.003), and the estimated mean SLA of each of the 50 bamboo species had good agreement with the measured values (R2 > 0.99 and RMSE < 1.88) because of the precisely estimated mean LA and mean LDM at the canopy scale, indicating the feasibility of estimating SLA of the 50 bamboo species at the canopy scale based on nondestructive measurements. However, the empirical relationships used for mean SLA estimations are not suitable for SLA estimations at the leaf scale because of the uncertainties in the estimated LDM at the leaf scale.

scholarly journals Genetic mapping of leaf-related traits in autotetraploid alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (10-11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei He ◽  
Junmei Kang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Ruicai Long ◽  
Long-Xi Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Paternal Parent ◽  
Variation Explained

Abstract Understanding the genetic architecture of leaf-related traits is important for improving alfalfa yield. Leaf size has a great influence on the protein content and yield for alfalfa. In this study, a low-yielding precocious alfalfa individual (paternal parent) and a high-yielding late-maturing alfalfa individual (maternal parent) were used to build a hybrid F1 population of 149 individuals. The linkage map was constructed using simple sequence repeat and single nucleotide polymorphism markers, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) for leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area were mapped using 3 years phenotypic data. We identified a total of 60 QTLs associated with leaf size. These QTLs were located on chromosomes 1 to 8, and the percent of phenotypic variation explained by QTL ranged from 2.97% to 18.78%. There were 13 QTLs explain more than 10% of phenotypic variation, most of which represent novel loci controlling leaf traits that have not been found in previous studies. The nearest markers of QTL may be used in marker-assisted selection and breeding alfalfa new varieties with high yield.

scholarly journals Leaf Size Development Differences and Comparative Trancriptome Analyses of Two Poplar Genotypes

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1775
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Jiujun Du ◽  
Xiaolan Ge ◽  
Demei Cao ◽  
Jianjun Hu
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Populus Simonii ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
The Difference

The plant leaf, the main organ of photosynthesis, is an important regulator of growth. To explore the difference between leaf size of Populusdeltoides ‘Danhong’ (Pd) and Populus simonii ‘Tongliao1’ (Ps), we investigated the leaf length, leaf width, leaf thickness, leaf area, leaf mass per area (LMA), and cell size of leaves from two genotypes and profiled the transcriptome-wide gene expression patterns through RNA sequencing. Our results show that the leaf area of Pd was significantly larger than that of Ps, but the epidermal cell area was significantly smaller than that of Ps. The difference of leaf size was caused by cell numbers. Transcriptome analysis also revealed that genes related to chromosome replication and DNA repair were highly expressed in Pd, while genes such as the EXPANSIN (EXPA) family which promoted cell expansion were highly expressed in Ps. Further, we revealed that the growth-regulating factors (GRFs) played a key role in the difference of leaf size between two genotypes through regulation of cell proliferation. These data provide a valuable resource for understanding the leaf development of the Populus genus.

scholarly journals Leaf morphoanatomy traits in white grapevine cultivars with distinct geographical origin

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-101
Author(s):  
Generosa Teixeira ◽  
Ana Monteiro ◽  
Cristina Santos ◽  
Carlos M. Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Leaf Density ◽  
Cuticle Thickness

This study aims to compare the leaf morphoanatomical characteristics of sevenVitis viniferasubsp.viniferawhite cultivars with different geographical origin, grown side by side at the same “terroir”. The leaf morphoanatomical traits analyzed under light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed large variability among genotypes. Significant differences between cultivars were observed in single leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf density and in the thickness of cuticle, upper and lower epidermal cells and mesophyll. Leaf dry mass per area presented a significant positive correlation with leaf density but showed no correlation with leaf thickness, results that can be explained by the quite different mesophyll structure, epidermal cells and cuticle thickness. ‘Alvarinho’, ‘Encruzado’, ‘Macabeu’ and ‘Viosinho’ were the cultivars with the highest thickness of cuticle and mesophyll tissues. Under SEM magnification three types of stomata were identified: sunken, at the same level and raised above, with the same level type presenting the higher percentage in all cultivars. Stomata density presented significant differences between cultivars, with ‘Macabeu’ showing the highest value and ‘Alvarinho’ and ‘Arinto’ the lowest ones. The hairs on the lower surface presented a similar woolly aspect in all cultivars. Calcium oxalate crystals, raphids and druses were visible and widely distributed in the parenchyma tissues. The observed differences in leaf traits among genotypes suggest a major role of leaf anatomy in determining grapevine capacity for coping with different environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Developmental genetics of leaf formation in Lolium 3. Inheritance of a developmental complex

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Developmental Genetics ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Leaf Formation ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Rate Of Leaf Appearance

SUMMARYUsing four lines derived from a single base population of Lolium perenne by selection for large leaf size (LL), small leaf size (SL), fast rate of leaf appearance (FR), and slow rate of leaf appearance (SR), the inheritance of a number of related characters specifying various aspects of leaf development was studied. F1 and F2 generations were produced for all possible crosses between these four lines.The genetic differences between the selection lines were largely additive for all characters studied and entirely so for rate of leaf appearance, duration of elongation of a single leaf and for the time interval between the maturation of leaf 3 and the unfolding of the next youngest leaf on the same side of the apex, leaf 5. The non-additive variances noted in rate of total leaf area formation, individual leaf size and its components length and width, and in the rate of leaf elongation, were associated with a tendency towards heterosis in these characters. This was quite marked in some crosses and tended to be larger for the more complex characters, rate of total leaf area formation and leaf size, suggesting that the heterosis was, to a considerable extent, due to interactions between genes controlling component characters.The data confirmed the earlier finding that the negative correlated selection response between leaf size and rate of leaf appearance was due to a basic association between the maturation of a leaf and the unfolding (onset of rapid elongation) of the next youngest leaf on the same side of the apex. Thus an increase in rate of leaf appearance reduces the duration of elongation of a leaf and this in turn will reduce leaf length. However, the basic association, which seems to be controlled by vascular development of the young leaf, is not entirely invariate.

Oviposition of a leaf-miner on Erythroxylum tortuosum (Erythroxylaceae) leaves: hierarchical variation of physical leaf traits

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. De Sibio ◽  
M. N. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Leaf Miners ◽  
Resolution Level

Plants do not offer homogeneous supplies of the resources required by herbivorous insects as many resource traits show considerable variation both within and between plants. The distribution of variation among host-plant attributes determines the optimal spatial resolution level for insect females to select the best resource patches for oviposition. In this study, we examine whether variation in fluctuating asymmetry and size of Erythroxylum tortuosum Mart. (Erythroxylaceae) leaves influence oviposition of the specialist leaf-miner Agnippe Chambers (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). By partitioning the variance across five hierarchical levels, the oviposition pattern was investigated at the spatial resolution level where these leaf traits varied the most. We confirm that the largest variation in both these leaf attributes occurs at the leaf level. We hypothesise that leaf-miner females will respond to this variation by selecting the best leaves (resources) on which to lay their eggs. We find that the probability of oviposition is not significantly related to fluctuating asymmetry or to leaf size (oviposition preference test), suggesting that these two physical traits are not relevant to leaf-miners as indicators of resource patch quality. Therefore, although we show that females laid significantly more eggs on larger leaves, this behaviour appears not to be a result of active selection of leaves. Our results suggest that Agnippe females probably adjust their oviposition proportionally to leaf area because the relationship between egg density and leaf area was not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Scaling of petiole anatomies, mechanics and vasculatures with leaf size in the widespread Neotropical pioneer tree species Cecropia obtusa Trécul (Urticaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Levionnois ◽  
Sabrina Coste ◽  
Eric Nicolini ◽  
Clément Stahl ◽  
Hélène Morel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Hydraulic Efficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leaf Trait ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Leaf Economic Spectrum ◽  
Geometrical Effect ◽  
Trait Variability

Abstract Although the leaf economic spectrum has deepened our understanding of leaf trait variability, little is known about how leaf traits scale with leaf area. This uncertainty has resulted in the assumption that leaf traits should vary by keeping the same pace of variation with increases in leaf area across the leaf size range. We evaluated the scaling of morphological, tissue-surface and vascular traits with overall leaf area, and the functional significance of such scaling. We examined 1,271 leaves for morphological traits, and 124 leaves for anatomical and hydraulic traits, from 38 trees of Cecropia obtusa Trécul (Urticaceae) in French Guiana. Cecropia is a Neotropical genus of pioneer trees that can exhibit large laminas (0.4 m2 for C. obtusa), with leaf size ranging by two orders of magnitude. We measured (i) tissue fractions within petioles and their second moment of area, (ii) theoretical xylem hydraulic efficiency of petioles and (iii) the extent of leaf vessel widening within the hydraulic path. We found that different scaling of morphological trait variability allows for optimisation of lamina display among larger leaves, especially the positive allometric relationship between lamina area and petiole cross-sectional area. Increasing the fraction of pith is a key factor that increases the geometrical effect of supportive tissues on mechanical rigidity and thereby increases carbon-use efficiency. We found that increasing xylem hydraulic efficiency with vessel size results in lower leaf lamina area: xylem ratios, which also results in potential carbon savings for large leaves. We found that the vessel widening is consistent with hydraulic optimisation models. Leaf size variability modifies scaling of leaf traits in this large-leaved species.

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