scholarly journals Effects of Conventional and Bokashi Hydroponics on Vegetative Growth, Yield and Quality Attributes of Bell Peppers

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1281
Author(s):  
René Clarisse Tong ◽  
Charles Stephen Whitehead ◽  
Olaniyi Amos Fawole
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Hydroponic Systems

Due to consumers’ awareness and concern about nutrition and health in different parts of the world, the adoption of organic hydroponics is increasing. This has led to a search for organic nutrient media. One of the viable nutrient sources for organic hydroponics is bokashi compost. The principal objective of this study was to compare the performance of 10% bokashi hydroponics with convention hydroponics for bell pepper production. The different hydroponics influenced vegetative growth parameters largely due to considerable differences in the mineral elements in both hydroponic systems. Stems of conventionally grown plants were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) thicker (10.2 mm) compared to those of the bokashi grown plants (7.3 mm). Conventionally grown plants had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher photosynthetic performance than bokashi grown plants; normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) (78.80 versus 67.49), soil plant analysis development (SPAD; 73.89 versus 38.43), and quantum yield (QY; 0.64 versus 0.49). Leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the leaves of bokashi grown plants (0.32 units/mg protein) was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower than in the leaves of conventionally grown plants (0.37 units/mg protein). This also corresponded to significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher leaf sap content in the conventionally grown plant than bokashi grown plants. Furthermore, conventional hydroponics yielded three-fold greater pepper fruit per plant compared to bokashi. After 14 days of storage at 7 °C and 95% relative humidity, the firmness of both groups declined, especially for the bokashi grown fruit (27.73 shore unit), which was significantly lower compared to conventionally grown fruit (35.65 shore unit). However, there was an increase in carotenoid content in fruit grown in both hydroponic systems after storage. In conclusion, although bell pepper plant was successfully cultivated in bokashi hydroponics, the plant performance, fruit yield and postharvest quality were lower than conventional hydroponics. We believe that this study and its approach will provide future research with baseline information on optimizing media of bokashi hydroponics to produce bell pepper.

scholarly journals Timing and Rates of Two Products Using Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) to Control Algae in Ebb and Flow Hydroponic Systems

HortScience ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Dharti Thakulla ◽  
Bruce L. Dunn ◽  
Carla Goad ◽  
Bizhen Hu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hydroponic Systems ◽  
Weekly Application ◽  
Ebb And Flow

Algae is not desirable in hydroponics and creates problems such as reduced yield and decreased dissolved oxygen, and affects the physiology of plants and, thus, needs to be controlled. An experiment was conducted in Ebb and Flow hydroponic systems to investigate the application timing and rates of two hydrogen peroxide products (Zerotol and PERpose Plus). Treatments included 35 mL weekly, 35 mL biweekly, 70 mL weekly, 70 mL biweekly, and a control with no application of hydrogen peroxide using a 40-gallon reservoir of water. Pepper ‘Early Jalapeno’ and ‘Lunchbox Red’ and tomato ‘Geronimo’ and ‘Little Sicily’ were used. The study was conducted in a split-plot design with two replications over time. Plant growth parameters, including plant height, flower number, net CO2 assimilation, fresh weight, and dry weight were recorded. Algae data, including dry weight, algae cell counts, and chl a were also measured. Results indicated that with increasing rate and timing of either product decreased algae counts, dry weight, and chl a values. However, weekly and biweekly application of 70 mL of both products were not different for algae quantification. In pepper, plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight, and root fresh and dry weight were found to be significantly greater with Zerotol 35 mL biweekly, Zerotol 70 mL weekly, PERpose Plus 35 mL biweekly, and PERpose Plus 70 mL weekly compared with the control. ‘Lunchbox Red’ was significantly greater than ‘Early Jalapeno’ in all growth parameters, except soil plant analysis development (SPAD). ‘Lunchbox Red’ had the greatest flower number, with weekly application of 70 mL PERpose Plus. In tomato, greatest flower number and SPAD were observed in ‘Geronimo’ with a weekly application of 70 mL PERpose Plus and 70 mL Zerotol, respectively. Greater shoot and root fresh and dry weight for both tomato cultivars were recorded with 35 mL biweekly or 70 mL weekly application with either product. The results from both plants as well as algae analysis suggest that weekly application of 70 mL of either Zerotol or PERpose Plus produced the best results in terms of controlling algae and improving the growth of pepper and tomato plants.

scholarly journals Light-Controlled Fruit Pigmentation and Flavor Volatiles in Tomato and Bell Pepper

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Hee Ju Yoo ◽  
Jin-Hyun Kim ◽  
Kyoung-Sub Park ◽  
Jung Eek Son ◽  
Je Min Lee
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Chalcone Synthase ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Plant Family ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Pepper Fruit ◽  
Ripe Tomato

Light is a major environmental factor affecting the regulation of secondary metabolites, such as pigments and flavor. The Solanaceae plant family has diverse patterns of fruit metabolisms that serve as suitable models to understand the molecular basis of its regulation across species. To investigate light-dependent regulation for fruit pigmentation and volatile flavors, major fruit pigments, their biosynthetic gene expression, and volatiles were analyzed in covered fruits of tomato and bell pepper. Immature covered fruits were found to be ivory in color and no chlorophyll was detected in both plants. The total carotenoid content was found to be reduced in ripe tomato and bell pepper under cover. Naringenin chalcone decreased more than 7-fold in ripe tomato and total flavonoids decreased about 10-fold in immature and ripe pepper fruit under light deficiency. Light positively impacts fruit pigmentation in tomato and bell pepper by regulating gene expression in carotenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, especially phytoene synthase and chalcone synthase, respectively. Nineteen volatile flavors were detected, and seven of these exhibited light-dependent regulations for both ripe tomato and pepper. This study will help in improving fruit quality and aid future research works to understand the molecular mechanisms regulating the influence of light-dependency on pigments and flavor volatiles.

scholarly journals Novel hypergravity treatment enhances root phenotype and positively influences physio-biochemical parameters in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basavalingayya K. Swamy ◽  
Ravikumar Hosamani ◽  
Malarvizhi Sathasivam ◽  
S. S. Chandrashekhar ◽  
Uday G. Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Physiological Benefits

AbstractHypergravity—an evolutionarily novel environment has been exploited to comprehend the response of living organisms including plants in the context of extra-terrestrial applications. Recently, researchers have shown that hypergravity induces desired phenotypic variability in seedlings. In the present study, we tested the utility of hypergravity as a novel tool in inducing reliable phenotype/s for potential terrestrial crop improvement applications. To investigate, bread wheat seeds (UAS-375 genotype) were subjected to hypergravity treatment (10×g for 12, and 24 h), and evaluated for seedling vigor and plant growth parameters in both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. It was also attempted to elucidate the associated biochemical and hormonal changes at different stages of vegetative growth. Resultant data revealed that hypergravity treatment (10×g for 12 h) significantly enhanced root length, root volume, and root biomass in response to hypergravity. The robust seedling growth phenotype may be attributed to increased alpha-amylase and TDH enzyme activities observed in seeds treated with hypergravity. Elevated total chlorophyll content and Rubisco (55 kDa) protein expression across different stages of vegetative growth in response to hypergravity may impart physiological benefits to wheat growth. Further, hypergravity elicited robust endogenous phytohormones dynamics in root signifying altered phenotype/s. Collectively, this study for the first time describes the utility of hypergravity as a novel tool in inducing reliable root phenotype that could be potentially exploited for improving wheat varieties for better water usage management.

scholarly journals Red-Green-Blue and Multispectral Imaging as Potential Tools for Estimating Growth and Nutritional Performance of Cassava under Deficit Irrigation and Potassium Fertigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
Daniel O. Wasonga ◽  
Afrane Yaw ◽  
Jouko Kleemola ◽  
Laura Alakukku ◽  
Pirjo S.A. Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Lower Estimation ◽  
Low K

Cassava has high energy value and rich nutritional content, yet its productivity in the tropics is seriously constrained by abiotic stresses such as water deficit and low potassium (K) nutrition. Systems that allow evaluation of genotypes in the field and greenhouse for nondestructive estimation of plant performance would be useful means for monitoring the health of plants for crop-management decisions. We investigated whether the red–green–blue (RGB) and multispectral images could be used to detect the previsual effects of water deficit and low K in cassava, and whether the crop quality changes due to low moisture and low K could be observed from the images. Pot experiments were conducted with cassava cuttings. The experimental design was a split-plot arranged in a completely randomized design. Treatments were three irrigation doses split into various K rates. Plant images were captured beginning 30 days after planting (DAP) and ended at 90 DAP when plants were harvested. Results show that biomass, chlorophyll, and net photosynthesis were estimated with the highest accuracy (R2 = 0.90), followed by leaf area (R2 = 0.76). Starch, energy, carotenoid, and cyanide were also estimated satisfactorily (R2 > 0.80), although cyanide showed negative regression coefficients. All mineral elements showed lower estimation accuracy (R2 = 0.14–0.48) and exhibited weak associations with the spectral indices. Use of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), green area (GA), and simple ratio (SR) indices allowed better estimation of growth and key nutritional traits. Irrigation dose 30% of pot capacity enriched with 0.01 mM K reduced most index values but increased the crop senescence index (CSI). Increasing K to 16 mM over the irrigation doses resulted in high index values, but low CSI. The findings indicate that RGB and multispectral imaging can provide indirect measurements of growth and key nutritional traits in cassava. Hence, they can be used as a tool in various breeding programs to facilitate cultivar evaluation and support management decisions to avert stress, such as the decision to irrigate or apply fertilizers.

scholarly journals Host-Plant Variations Affect the Biotic Potential, Survival, and Population Projection of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yasir Ali ◽  
Tayyaba Naseem ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Ijaz Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Population Projection ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Wide Range

The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a polyphagous insect pest is a major threat to a wide range of crops worldwide. Aiming to evaluate the life history traits of M. persicae, feeding on different host plants, we used five vegetables: cabbage, Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae); chinese cabbage, B. rapa (Brassicaceae); chili pepper, Capsicum annum (Solanaceae); crown daisy, Chrysanthemum coronarium (Asteraceae); and eggplant, Solanum melongena (Solanaceae). TWOSEX-MSchart software was used for the statistical analysis about the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The highest fecundity (69.65 individuals) rate of M. persicae, intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.425 d−1), finite rate of increase (λ = 1.531 d−1), net reproductive rate (R0 = 69.65 offspring), and shortest mean generation time (T = 9.964 d) were recorded on the chili pepper plant. Whereas, lower fitness occurred on cabbage. The findings attained from population growth parameters indicate that chili pepper is the most susceptible plant, while cabbage is resistant to aphids. Population projection results also supported this statement, as the final total population size on cabbage was significantly lower than other plants. The reported information would be useful for devising integrated pest management programs, particularly those involving M. persicae. This information also suggests the adaptability of M. persicae causing economic damage to these vegetable cultivars.

scholarly journals Vegetative growth of grasslands based on hyper-temporal NDVI data from the Modis sensor

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 858-868
Author(s):  
Marcos Cicarini Hott ◽  
Luis Marcelo Tavares de Carvalho ◽  
Mauro Antonio Homem Antunes ◽  
Polyanne Aguiar dos Santos ◽  
Tássia Borges Arantes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
Very High

Abstract: The objective of this work was to analyze the development of grasslands in Zona da Mata, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, between 2000 and 2013, using a parameter based on the growth index of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (Modis) data series. Based on temporal NDVI profiles, which were used as indicators of edaphoclimatic conditions, the growth index (GI) was estimated for 16-day periods throughout the spring season of 2012 to early 2013, being compared with the average GI from 2000 to 2011, used as the reference period. Currently, the grassland areas in Zona da Mata occupy approximately 1.2 million hectares. According to the used methods, 177,322 ha (14.61%) of these grassland areas have very low vegetative growth; 577,698 ha (45.96%) have low growth; 433,475 ha (35.72%) have balanced growth; 39,980 ha (3.29%) have high growth; and 5,032 ha (0.41%) have very high vegetative growth. The grasslands had predominantly low vegetative growth during the studied period, and the NDVI/Modis series is a useful source of data for regional assessments.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ORGANIC, BIO AND MINERAL FERTILIZATION ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH PARAMETERS OF CARROT PLANTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-608
Author(s):  
H. Abdel Naby ◽  
Kawthar Dawa ◽  
E. El-Gamily ◽  
Samar Abd El-Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Mineral Fertilization

scholarly journals TEORES DE MICRONUTRIENTES NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DA PLANTA DE PIMENTÃO SOB FERTIRRIGAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Fernando Noronha Marcussi ◽  
Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Micronutrient Concentration ◽  
E Mail

TEORES DE MICRONUTRIENTES NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DA PLANTA DE PIMENTÃO SOB FERTIRRIGAÇÃO   Francisco Fernando Noronha MarcussiDepartamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas,Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP. CP 237, CEP 18603-970. E-mail: [email protected] Lyra Villas BôasDepartament de Recursos Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas,Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP. CP 237, CEP 18603-970. E-mail: [email protected]  1 RESUMO  Neste estudo, objetivou-se determinar os teores de micronutrientes (Fe, Zn, Mn, B e Cu) nos diferentes órgãos do híbrido de pimentão Elisa, sob fertirrigação em ambiente protegido, em oito épocas de coleta de planta. O experimento foi desenvolvido nas dependências do Departamento de Recursos Naturais - Ciência do Solo, FCA, Botucatu/SP. Constou o experimento de 8 tratamentos (épocas de coleta de planta – 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, e 140 dias após o transplante das mudas) e 4 repetições, sendo cada repetição formada por 4 plantas. Em cada etapa obteve-se os teores dos micronutrientes no fruto, folha, caule e raiz e na planta como um todo. A fertilização no ciclo estudado, 140 dias, foi feita via fertirrigação localizada. Os resultados mostram que os teores de micronutrientes encontrados na planta de pimentão seguem a seqüência: Fe>Zn>Mn>B>Cu. Nos resultados são apresentadas as tabelas com os teores de Fe, Zn, Mn, B e Cu (Tukey a 5%) em cada órgão da planta e da planta como um todo, nas diferentes épocas de avaliação e, os gráficos mostrando o comportamento dos teores de Zn, Mn, B e Cu.  UNITERMOS: Fertirrigação, concentrações de micronutrientes, Pimentão, Capsicum annuum L. e nutrição mineral.   MACUSSI, F.F.N.; VILLAS BÔAS, R.L MICRONUTRIENT CONCENTRATION IN THE BELL PEPPER PLANT DEVELOPMENT UNDER FERTIRRIGATION   2 ABSTRACT  This study aimed to determine the micronutrient contents (Fe, Zn, Mn, B and Cu) in different organs of Elisa bell pepper hybrid under fertirrigation in protected environment in eight harvesting seasons. The experiment was carried out in the Natural Resource Department – Soil Science, FCA, Botucatu. SP, and  consisted of 8 treatments (harvesting season – 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 140 days after seedling transplant), and 4 replications, each one composed of 4 plants. In each growth period the micronutrient content in the fruit, leaf, stem, root and  plant as a whole was determined. The fertilization in the study period i.e., 140 days, was performed by local fertirrigation. The results showed that the micronutrient levels found in the bell pepper plant followed the decreasing order: Fe>Zn>Mn> B>Cu. The tables present the Fe, Zn, Mn, B and Cu (Tukey Test at 5%) contents in each plant organ and in the entire plant at different evaluation periods. The charts show the Zn, Mn, B and Cu content variation.  KEYWORDS: fertirrigation, micronutrient concentration, bell pepper, Capsicum annuum L. and mineral nutrition. 

scholarly journals Growth and Yields of Bell Pepper and Winter Squash Grown with Organic and Living Mulches

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1193-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy E. Roe ◽  
Peter J. Stoffella ◽  
Herbert H. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Arachis Glabrata ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Raised Bed ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Winter Squash

Increasing disposal problems with polyethylene (PL) mulch and greater availability of compost prompted an investigation into the effects of using compost as a mulch on horizontal raised bed surfaces with living mulches (LMs) on vertical surfaces. Wood chips (WC), sewage sludge-yard trimming (SY) compost, and municipal solid waste (MW) compost were applied at 224 t·ha-1 on bed surfaces. Sod strips of `Jade' (JD) or `Floratam' (FT) St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum Kuntze) or perennial peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) (PP) or seeds of a small, seed-propagated forage peanut (Arachis sp.) (SP) were established on the vertical sides of the raised beds before transplanting bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) into the beds. Phytophthora capsici reduced pepper plant stand in PL-mulched plots compared with organic mulch (OM) and LM. Despite the stand reduction, total pepper yields were highest in PL plots and, in the OM plots, decreased in the order SY > MW > WC. Early fruit yields and yield per plant were highest from plants in PL plots followed by SY. Among LMs, plants in SP plots produced highest early yields and FT produced the lowest. Plants in PL plots produced the largest fruit. When the same plots were seeded with winter (butternut) squash (Cucurbita pepo L.), plant stands were higher in MW than WC and SY. Squash yields were similar between PL and OM plots.

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