scholarly journals Evaluation of the Healing Effect of Ointments Based on Bee Products on Cutaneous Lesions in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1146
Author(s):  
Calin Vasile Andritoiu ◽  
Cristina Lungu ◽  
Maricel Danu ◽  
Bianca Ivanescu ◽  
Corina Elena Andriescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Wound Contraction ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Drone Brood ◽  
Histological Architecture

The wound-healing capacity of ointments based on bee products was investigated in vivo on three experimental models of incision, excision and heat burn. For this purpose, four ointments were prepared with propolis, honey, apilarnil (drone brood homogenate) and a mixture of these three apitherapy products. The ointments were applied topically for 21 days. Clinical and macroscopic evaluation was performed throughout the experiment, with the recording of the re-epithelialization period and determination of the wound contraction rate on days 6 and 9. The histopathological examination was performed on days 1, 3, 12 and 21 of the treatment. The topical formulations were also characterized from a rheological point of view in order to verify their stability. HPLC analysis of propolis revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, particularly ferulic acid and p-coumaric which were found in high amounts. All ointments had beneficial effects on wound contraction and the re-epithelialization period, but the most significant result, both macroscopically and especially in terms of histological architecture, was presented by the ointment that contains all three apitherapy products, due to their synergistic effect.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Wound Healing Potential of Some Natural Polymers on Three Experimental Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Calin Vasile Andritoiu ◽  
Corina Elena Andriescu ◽  
Maricel Danu ◽  
Cristina Lungu ◽  
Bianca Ivanescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Rheological Characterization ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Thermal Burn ◽  
Topical Formulations

The aim of this paper was the preparation and investigation of the wound healing properties of four topical formulations based on natural polymers such as collagen, chitosan, lyophilized egg white, and a mixture of them. The therapeutic assessment of these four ointments was carried out in vivo on the incision, excision, and thermal burn wounds induced on Wistar rats. The treatment was applied topically on wounds once a day, for 21 days. The experimental results were analyzed from a clinical and histopathological point of view. The rheological characterization of the topical formulations was also performed in order to verify their spreadability and structural stability. All ointments had a positive effect on wound contraction and re-epithelization processes, but the one based on total polymers had a significant healing potential on the designed cutaneous lesions due to its synergistic effects.

Factors affecting in vitro and in vivo antioxidant effects. Experimental conditions and nature of oxidants determine antioxidant efficacy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Etsuo Niki
Keyword(s):  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Multiple Oxidants ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have been implicated in the onset and progression of various diseases and the role of antioxidants in the maintenance of health and prevention of diseases has received much attention. The action and effect of antioxidants have been studied extensively under different reaction conditions in multiple media. The antioxidant effects are determined by many factors. This review aims to discuss several important issues that should be considered for determination of experimental conditions and interpretation of experimental results in order to understand the beneficial effects and limit of antioxidants against detrimental oxidation of biological molecules. Emphasis was laid on cell culture experiments and effects of diversity of multiple oxidants on antioxidant efficacy.

scholarly journals Electrochemically Reduced Water Delays Mammary Tumors Growth in Mice and Inhibits Breast Cancer Cells SurvivalIn Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Vanni Frajese ◽  
Monica Benvenuto ◽  
Rosanna Mattera ◽  
Saverio Giampaoli ◽  
Elena Ambrosin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Significant Prolongation ◽  
Reduced Water

Electrochemical reduced water (ERW) has been proposed to have beneficial effects on human health due to its rich content of H2and the presence of platinum nanoparticles with antioxidant effects. Many studies have demonstrated that ERW scavenging properties are able to reduce the damage caused by oxidative stress in different experimental models. Although fewin vivostudies have been reported, it has been demonstrated that ERW may display anticancer effects by induction of tumor cells apoptosis and reduction of both angiogenesis and inflammation. In this study, we show that ERW treatment of MCF-7, MDA-MB-453, and mouse (TUBO) breast cancer cells inhibited cell survival in a time-dependent fashion. ERW decreased ErbB2/neuexpression and impaired pERK1/ERK2 and AKT phosphorylation in breast cancer cells. In addition, ERW treatment induced apoptosis of breast cancer cell lines independently of the status of p53 and ER and PR receptors. Ourin vivoresults showed that ERW treatment of transgenic BALB-neuT mice delayed the development of mammary tumors compared to the control. In addition, ERW induced a significant prolongation of tumor-free survival and a reduction in tumor multiplicity. Overall, these results suggest a potential beneficial role of ERW in inhibiting cancer cells growth.

scholarly journals Development of a Mouse Glioblastoma Orthotopic Model Using the GLi-261 Cell Line

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-250
Author(s):  
A. A. Borzov ◽  
A. A. Оvsepyan ◽  
E. I. Katorkina ◽  
E. O. Anisimova ◽  
M. V. Lykov
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Tumour Volume ◽  
Test System ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Orthotopic Model ◽  
In Vivo Test

Glioblastoma is the most common and most aggressive type of brain tumor, with an almost 100 % mortality rate over 5 years. The search for new effective approaches to the treatment of this disease requires the development of adequate experimental models.Objective: to develop and put into practice an orthotopic model of mouse glioblastoma.Materials and methods: GLi-261 mouse glioma cells were orthotopically inoculated into the putamen of C57Bl/6 mice brain. Tumor dynamics was investigated by Preclinical MRI System 7.0T/17cm (Flexiscan) highfield magnetic resonance imager (MR Solutions, UK). Temcital® (temozolomide) was used as a positive control in the treatment of experimental glioblastoma. The neurological status of animals in the course of tumour development was assessed by specific tests.Results: a GLi-261 cell-based mouse glioblastoma orthotopic model was developed using stereotactic equipment for accurate inoculation of tumour cells, magnetic resonance imaging for non-invasive determination of tumour volume and dynamics, and special tests for determination of the neurological status of the biological test systems. This model was used to demonstrate the effectiveness of temozolomide (the «gold standard» for glioblastoma treatment).Conclusions: this model has been introduced into practice at the IBC Generium, LLC, and can be used as an in vivo test system for preclinical evaluation of efficacy of new antitumour drugs being developed, as well as brain cancer treatment regimens using combination therapy.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Citrus Flavonoid Hesperetin: Special Focus on Neurological Disorders

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjad Khan ◽  
Muhammad Ikram ◽  
Jong Ryeal Hahm ◽  
Myeong Ok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Neurodegenerative disorders have emerged as a serious health issue in the current era. The most common neurodegenerative disorders are Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These diseases involve progressive impairment of neurodegeneration and memory impairment. A wide range of compounds have been identified as potential neuroprotective agents against different models of neurodegeneration both in vivo and in vitro. Hesperetin, a flavanone class of citrus flavonoid, is a derivative of hesperidin found in citrus fruits such as oranges, grapes, and lemons. It has been extensively reported that hesperetin exerts neuroprotective effects in experimental models of neurodegenerative diseases. In this systematic review, we have compiled all the studies conducted on hesperetin in both in vivo and in vitro models of neurodegeneration. Here, we have used an approach to lessen the bias in each study, providing a least biased, broad understanding of findings and impartial conclusions of the strength of evidence and the reliability of findings. In this review, we collected different papers from a wide range of journals describing the beneficial effects of hesperetin on animal models of neurodegeneration. Our results demonstrated consistent neuroprotective effects of hesperetin against different models of neurodegeneration. In addition, we have summarized its underlying mechanisms. This study provides the foundations for future studies and recommendations of further mechanistic approaches to conduct preclinical studies on hesperetin in different models.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory and Antihistaminic Study of a Unani Eye Drop Formulation

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. OED.S3612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latif Abdul ◽  
Razique Abdul ◽  
R.R. Sukul ◽  
Siddiqui Nazish
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Guinea Pig Ileum ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ophthalmic Formulation

The Unani eye drop is an ophthalmic formulation prepared for its beneficial effects in the inflammatory and allergic conditions of the eyes. In the present study, the Unani eye drop formulation was prepared and investigated for its anti-inflammatory and antihistaminic activity, using in vivo and in vitro experimental models respectively. The Unani eye drop formulation exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in turpentine liniment-induced ocular inflammation in rabbits. The preparation also showed antihistaminic activity in isolated guinea-pig ileum. The anti-inflammatory and antihistaminic activity of eye drop may be due to presence of active ingredients in the formulation. Although there are many drugs in Unani repository which are mentioned in classical books or used in Unani clinical practice effectively in treatment of eye diseases by various Unani physicians. Inspite of the availability of vast literature, there is a dearth of commercial Unani ocular preparations. So, keeping this in mind, the eye drop formulation was prepared and its anti-inflammatory and antihistaminic activity was carried out in animal models. Thus, in view of the importance of alternative anti-inflammatory and antiallergic drugs, it becomes imperative to bring these indigenous drugs to the front foot and evaluate their activities.

scholarly journals Nephrotoxicity Biomarkers: Role and Significance in the Diagnosis of Drug-Induced Kidney Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
O. V. Muslimova ◽  
V. A. Evteev ◽  
I. A. Mazerkina ◽  
E. A. Sokova ◽  
A. B. Prokofiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Hospital Patients

Drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI) accounts for 8 to 60% of episodes of acute kidney injury (AKI) among hospital patients. Early DIKI detection and timely adjustment of therapy will help reduce the kidney injury incidence and mortality. The aim of the study was to analyse scientific literature on the biomarkers used in DIKI diagnosis. The study revealed that the use of such kidney damage markers as serum creatinine, urinary output, urea nitrogen, sodium excretion, urinary sediment microscopy is limited because they do not give a full picture of the kidney injury degree and progression and do not allow for early AKI diagnosis. It was demonstrated that some of the most promising biomarkers are KIM-1, L-FABP, NAG, NGAL, cystatin C, clusterin, β2-microglobulin, МСР-1, IGFBP7, and TIMP-2. However, recommendations for determination of these biomarkers’ urine or blood concentrations for AKI diagnosis are somewhat preliminary, because there have been insufficient clinical and preclinical studies to establish validity of such tests. No precise algorithms based on determination of the biomarkers levels in urea and/or blood serum have been developed for AKI risk assessment, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. Thus, further research is necessary to investigate different AKI biomarkers and improve experimental models (both in vivo and in vitro), which will support assessment of potential nephrotoxic properties of existing and new medicinal products.

scholarly journals Effects and Characterization of Some Topical Ointments Based on Vegetal Extracts on Incision, Excision, and Thermal Wound Models

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5356
Author(s):  
Calin Vasile Andritoiu ◽  
Corina Elena Andriescu ◽  
Constanta Ibanescu ◽  
Cristina Lungu ◽  
Bianca Ivanescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Contraction Rate ◽  
Thermal Burn ◽  
Arctium Lappa ◽  
Ointment Base ◽  
The One

The present paper aims to formulate and characterize four phytotherapeutic ointments based on Hippophae fructus, Calendulae flos, Bardanae folium, and Millefolii herba, which are included in a novel ointment base. In order to investigate the healing properties of the ointments, in vivo experimental wound models of linear incision, circular excision, and thermal burn were performed on Wistar rats. Topical treatment was performed daily for 21 days. Determination of the wound contraction rate (WCR), the period of reepithelization, and histopathological examination were achieved. Additionally, for the tested ointments, oscillatory and rotational rheological tests were carried out, and for the extracts, HPLC analysis was performed. The results demonstrate that the tested novel ointments are safe for use and the most effective ointment proved to be the one based on Arctium lappa, followed by that of Calendulae flos.

Metabolism of Scoparone in Experimental Animals and Humans

Planta Medica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (06) ◽  
pp. 453-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Juvonen ◽  
Filip Novák ◽  
Eleni Emmanouilidou ◽  
Seppo Auriola ◽  
Juri Timonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Main Reaction ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Major Metabolic Pathway

AbstractScoparone, a major constituent of the Chinese herbal medicine Yin Chen Hao, expresses beneficial effects in experimental models of various diseases. The intrinsic doses and effects of scoparone are dependent on its metabolism, both in humans and animals. We evaluated in detail the metabolism of scoparone in human, mouse, rat, pig, dog, and rabbit liver microsomes in vitro and in humans in vivo. Oxidation of scoparone to isoscopoletin via 6-O-demethylation was the major metabolic pathway in liver microsomes from humans, mouse, rat, pig and dog, whereas 7-O-demethylation to scopoletin was the main reaction in rabbit. The scoparone oxidation rates in liver microsomes were 0.8 – 1.2 µmol/(min*g protein) in mouse, pig, and rabbit, 0.2 – 0.4 µmol/(min*g protein) in man and dog, and less than 0.1 µmol/(min*g) in rat. In liver microsomes of all species, isoscopoletin was oxidized to 3-[4-methoxy-ρ-(3, 6)-benzoquinone]-2-propenoate and esculetin, which was formed also in the oxidation of scopoletin. Human CYP2A13 exhibited the highest rate of isoscopoletin and scopoletin oxidation, followed by CYP1A1 and CYP1A2. Glucuronidation of isoscopoletin and scopoletin was catalyzed by the human UGT1A1, UGT1A6, UGT1A7, UGT1A8, UGT1A9, UGT1A10, and UGT2B17. Dog was most similar to man in scoparone metabolism. Isoscopoletin glucuronide and sulfate conjugates were the major scoparone in vivo metabolites in humans, and they were completely excreted within 24 h in urine. Scoparone and its metabolites did not activate key nuclear receptors regulating CYP and UGT enzymes. These results outline comprehensively the metabolic pathways of scoparone in man and key preclinical animal species.

scholarly journals Nutraceutical Effects of Lycopene in Experimental Varicocele: An “In Vivo” Model to Study Male Infertility

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Antonuccio ◽  
Antonio Micali ◽  
Domenico Puzzolo ◽  
Carmelo Romeo ◽  
Giovanna Vermiglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Bax Gene

Varicocele is one of the main causes of infertility in men. Oxidative stress and consequently apoptosis activation contribute to varicocele pathogenesis, worsening its prognosis. Natural products, such as lycopene, showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in several experimental models, also in testes. In this study we investigated lycopene effects in an experimental model of varicocele. Male rats (n = 14) underwent sham operations and were administered with vehicle (n = 7) or with lycopene (n = 7; 1 mg/kg i.p., daily). Another group of animals (n = 14) underwent surgical varicocele. After 28 days, the sham and 7 varicocele animals were euthanized, and both operated and contralateral testes were weighted and processed. The remaining rats were treated with lycopene (1 mg/kg i.p., daily) for 30 days. Varicocele rats showed reduced testosterone levels, testes weight, Bcl-2 mRNA expression, changes in testes structure and increased malondialdehyde levels and BAX gene expression. TUNEL (Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling) assay showed an increased number of apoptotic cells. Treatment with lycopene significantly increased testosterone levels, testes weight, and Bcl-2 mRNA expression, improved tubular structure and decreased malondialdehyde levels, BAX mRNA expression and TUNEL-positive cells. The present results show that lycopene exerts beneficial effects in testes, and suggest that supplementation with the tomato-derived carotenoid might be considered a novel nutraceutical strategy for the treatment of varicocele and male infertility.

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