scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory and Antihistaminic Study of a Unani Eye Drop Formulation

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. OED.S3612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latif Abdul ◽  
Razique Abdul ◽  
R.R. Sukul ◽  
Siddiqui Nazish
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Guinea Pig Ileum ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ophthalmic Formulation

The Unani eye drop is an ophthalmic formulation prepared for its beneficial effects in the inflammatory and allergic conditions of the eyes. In the present study, the Unani eye drop formulation was prepared and investigated for its anti-inflammatory and antihistaminic activity, using in vivo and in vitro experimental models respectively. The Unani eye drop formulation exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in turpentine liniment-induced ocular inflammation in rabbits. The preparation also showed antihistaminic activity in isolated guinea-pig ileum. The anti-inflammatory and antihistaminic activity of eye drop may be due to presence of active ingredients in the formulation. Although there are many drugs in Unani repository which are mentioned in classical books or used in Unani clinical practice effectively in treatment of eye diseases by various Unani physicians. Inspite of the availability of vast literature, there is a dearth of commercial Unani ocular preparations. So, keeping this in mind, the eye drop formulation was prepared and its anti-inflammatory and antihistaminic activity was carried out in animal models. Thus, in view of the importance of alternative anti-inflammatory and antiallergic drugs, it becomes imperative to bring these indigenous drugs to the front foot and evaluate their activities.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON IN VIVO AND IN VITRO EXPERIMENTAL MODELS TO INVESTIGATE THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF HERBAL EXTRACTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Inayat Kabir ◽  
Imtiyaz Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Reference Model ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Double Positive ◽  
Arthritis Models ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The article emphasizes the anti-inflammatory effects of herbal extracts on different experimental models that are repeatedly used to test the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of herbal components. Edema, granuloma and arthritis models are used to test the anti-inflammatory activity of plant extracts whereas formalin or acetic acid-induced writhing test and hot plate methods are the most repeatedly used to evaluate anti-nociceptive potentials of the herbal extracts. Although adjuvant-induced and collagen-induced arthritis models are also quite efficient, they have been used seldom to evaluate anti-inflammatory tendencies of the herbs. Here, we suggest a double positive reference model using both steroid and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at the same time, instead of using only one of them either.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Citrus Flavonoid Hesperetin: Special Focus on Neurological Disorders

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjad Khan ◽  
Muhammad Ikram ◽  
Jong Ryeal Hahm ◽  
Myeong Ok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Neurodegenerative disorders have emerged as a serious health issue in the current era. The most common neurodegenerative disorders are Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These diseases involve progressive impairment of neurodegeneration and memory impairment. A wide range of compounds have been identified as potential neuroprotective agents against different models of neurodegeneration both in vivo and in vitro. Hesperetin, a flavanone class of citrus flavonoid, is a derivative of hesperidin found in citrus fruits such as oranges, grapes, and lemons. It has been extensively reported that hesperetin exerts neuroprotective effects in experimental models of neurodegenerative diseases. In this systematic review, we have compiled all the studies conducted on hesperetin in both in vivo and in vitro models of neurodegeneration. Here, we have used an approach to lessen the bias in each study, providing a least biased, broad understanding of findings and impartial conclusions of the strength of evidence and the reliability of findings. In this review, we collected different papers from a wide range of journals describing the beneficial effects of hesperetin on animal models of neurodegeneration. Our results demonstrated consistent neuroprotective effects of hesperetin against different models of neurodegeneration. In addition, we have summarized its underlying mechanisms. This study provides the foundations for future studies and recommendations of further mechanistic approaches to conduct preclinical studies on hesperetin in different models.

scholarly journals Extract from Bougainvillea xbuttiana (Variety Orange) Inhibits Production of LPS-Induced Inflammatory Mediators in Macrophages and Exerts a Protective Effect In Vivo

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Abarca-Vargas ◽  
Vera L. Petricevich
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Nitric Oxide Release ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Secretion Of Mediators ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background. Different pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties, have been described among natural products. We previously described that the Bougainvillea xbuttiana (Variety Orange) ethanolic extract (BxbO) has an anti-inflammatory effect; however, this action is not fully understood. In this study, the action of the BxbO extract on the secretion of inflammatory mediators in two experimental models, in vitro and in vivo, after LPS challenge was evaluated. Methods. Peritoneal macrophages were obtained from female BALB/c mice and LPS-challenged with or without the BxbO extract. For the evaluation of mediators, the supernatants at 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours were collected. For in vivo estimation, groups of female BALB/c mice were first intraperitoneously injected with different amounts of LPS and later administered the oral BxbO extract (v.o.) for 144 hours. To understand the mechanism of action, sera obtained from mice were collected at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after LPS challenge (with or without BxbO) for the detection of mediators. Results. The results showed that, in both peritoneal macrophages and sera of mice treated with the BxbO extract 1 hour before or together with LPS challenge, proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide release were unquestionably repressed. In contrast, in both systems studied here, the IL-10 levels were elevated to 5 to 9 times. At lethal doses of LPS, the BxbO extract treatment was found to protect animals from death. Conclusions. The results revealed that the inhibitory, protective, and benign effects of the BxbO extract were due to its capacity to balance the secretion of mediators.

scholarly journals Modulation of the Neuroprotective and Anti-inflammatory Activities of the Flavonol Fisetin by the Transition Metals Iron and Copper

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1113
Author(s):  
Pamela Maher
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metals ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Copper Binding ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Dose Dependent

Alterations occur in the homeostasis of the transition metals iron (Fe2+) and copper (Cu2+) during aging and these are further amplified in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These observations suggest that the most effective drug candidates for AD might be those that can reduce these alterations. The flavonoid fisetin has both neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity both in vitro and in vivo and can bind both iron and copper suggesting that its chelating activity might play a role in its beneficial effects. To test this idea, the effects of iron and copper on both the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities of fisetin were examined. It is shown that while fisetin can reduce the potentiation of cell death by iron and copper in response to treatments that lower glutathione levels, it is much less effective when the metals are combined with other inducers of oxidative stress. In addition, iron but not copper reduces the anti-inflammatory effects of fisetin in a dose-dependent manner. These effects correlate with the ability of iron but not copper to block the induction of the antioxidant transcription factor, Nrf2, by fisetin. In contrast, although the flavanone sterubin also binds iron, the metal has no effect on sterubin’s ability to induce Nrf2 or protect cells from toxic or pro-inflammatory insults. Together, these results suggest that while iron and copper binding could contribute to the beneficial effects of neuroprotective compounds in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, the consequences of this binding need to be fully examined for each compound.

scholarly journals Evidences of Herbal Medicine-Derived Natural Products Effects in Inflammatory Lung Diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Paula R. Santana ◽  
Nathalia M. Pinheiro ◽  
Márcia Isabel B. Mernak ◽  
Renato F. Righetti ◽  
Mílton A. Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Pulmonary inflammation is a hallmark of many respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute respiratory syndrome distress (ARDS). Most of these diseases are treated with anti-inflammatory therapy in order to prevent or to reduce the pulmonary inflammation. Herbal medicine-derived natural products have been used in folk medicine and scientific studies to evaluate the value of these compounds have grown in recent years. Many substances derived from plants have the biological effectsin vitroandin vivo, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Among the biological activities of natural products derived from plants can be pointed out the anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antiplatelet, antitumor anti-allergic activities, and antioxidant. Although many reports have evaluated the effects of these compounds in experimental models, studies evaluating clinical trials are scarce in the literature. This review aims to emphasize the effects of these different natural products in pulmonary diseases in experimental models and in humans and pointing out some possible mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals Insightful Valorization of the Biological Activities of Pani Heloch Leaves through Experimental and Computer-Aided Mechanisms

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 5153
Author(s):  
Naureen Banu ◽  
Najmul Alam ◽  
Mohammad Nazmul Islam ◽  
Sanjida Islam ◽  
Shahenur Alam Sakib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Pani heloch (Antidesma montanum) is traditionally used to treat innumerable diseases and is a source of wild vegetables for the management of different pathological conditions. The present study explored the qualitative phytochemicals; quantitative phenol and flavonoid contents; in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and thrombolytic effects; and in vivo antipyretic and analgesic properties of the methanol extract of A. montanum leaves in different experimental models. The extract exhibited secondary metabolites including alkaloids, flavonoids, flavanols, phytosterols, cholesterols, phenols, terpenoids, glycosides, fixed oils, emodines, coumarins, resins, and tannins. Besides, Pani heloch showed strong antioxidant activity (IC50 = 99.00 µg/mL), while a moderate percentage of clot lysis (31.56%) in human blood and significant anti-inflammatory activity (p < 0.001) was achieved with the standard. Moreover, the analgesic and antipyretic properties appeared to trigger a significant response (p < 0.001) relative to in the control group. Besides, an in silico study of carpusin revealed favorable protein-binding affinities. Furthermore, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity analysis and toxicological properties of all isolated compounds adopted Lipinski’s rule of five for drug-like potential and level of toxicity. Our research unveiled that the methanol extract of A. montanum leaves exhibited secondary metabolites that are a good source for managing inflammation, pyrexia, pain, and cellular toxicity. Computational approaches and further studies are required to identify the possible mechanism which responsible for the biological effects.

Anti-inflammatory, Antinociceptive, and Antioxidant Potentials of Algerian Zizyphus jujuba Mill. Fruits and Leaves In Vivo and In Vitro in Different Experimental Models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Gadiri ◽  
C. Tigrine ◽  
Z. Lakache ◽  
A. Kameli
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Zizyphus Jujuba ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

The ethanolic extracts of the aerial parts, leaves, and fruits, of Zizyphus jujuba Mill. were studied in vivo and in vitro for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties, respectively. A preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out. It revealed the presence of several phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, phenols, and alkaloids. The acute toxicity study was conducted using a limit dose of 2,000mg/kg. The extracts studied showed no signs of toxicity or mortality. Anti-inflammatory activity, assessed by carrageenan-induced paw edema, and antinociceptive activity, assessed by pain-induced acetic acid in mice, were significantly reduced (P < 0.001). Moreover, both extracts showed considerable DPPH scavenging activity and β-carotene protective capacity. The present study suggests that leaf and fruit extracts from Zizyphus jujuba have a pharmacological interest probably related to the presence of some bioactive compounds and could be a potential source of antiinflammatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant agents that should be further investigated.

scholarly journals Comparison of Treatment Effects of Different Iron Chelators in Experimental Models of Sepsis

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Christian Lehmann ◽  
Maral Aali ◽  
Juan Zhou ◽  
Bruce Holbein
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Normal Component ◽  
Abdominal Sepsis ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Iron Chelators ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Growing evidence indicates that dysregulated iron metabolism with altered and excess iron availability in some body compartments plays a significant role in the course of infection and sepsis in humans. Given that all bacterial pathogens require iron for growth, that iron withdrawal is a normal component of innate host defenses and that bacterial pathogens have acquired increasing levels of antibiotic resistance, targeting infection and sepsis through use of appropriate iron chelators has potential to provide new therapeutics. We have directly compared the effects of three Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved chelators (deferoxamine—DFO; deferiprone—DFP; and deferasirox—DFX), as were developed for treating hematological iron overload conditions, to DIBI, a novel purpose-designed, anti-infective and anti-inflammatory water-soluble hydroxypyridinone containing iron-selective copolymers. Two murine sepsis models, endotoxemia and polymicrobial abdominal sepsis, were utilized to help differentiate anti-inflammatory versus anti-infective activities of the chelators. Leukocyte adhesion, as measured by intravital microscopy, was observed in both models, with DIBI providing the most effective reduction and DFX the poorest. Inflammation in the abdominal sepsis model, assessed by cytokine measurements, indicated exacerbation by DFX and DFO for plasma Interleukin (IL)-6 and reductions to near-control levels for DIBI and DFP. Peritoneal infection burden was reduced 10-fold by DIBI while DFX and DFP provided no reductions. Overall, the results, together with those from other studies, revealed serious limitations for each of the three hematological chelators, i.e., as potentially repurposed for treating infection/sepsis. In contrast, DIBI provided therapeutic benefits, consistent with various in vitro and in vivo results from other studies, supporting the potential for its use in treating sepsis.

scholarly journals Association between Oral Cancer and Diet: An Update

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1299
Author(s):  
Jesús Rodríguez-Molinero ◽  
Blanca del Carmen Migueláñez-Medrán ◽  
Cristina Puente-Gutiérrez ◽  
Esther Delgado-Somolinos ◽  
Carmen Martín Carreras-Presas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Oral cancer, included within head and neck cancer, is the sixth most common malignant neoplasm in the world. The main etiological factors are tobacco and alcohol, although currently, diet is considered an important determinant for its development. Several dietary nutrients have specific mechanisms of action, contributing to both protection against cancer and increasing the risk for development, growth, and spread. Foods such as fruits, vegetables, curcumin, and green tea can reduce the risk of oral cancer, while the so-called pro-inflammatory diet, rich in red meat and fried foods, can enhance the risk of occurrence. Dietary factors with a protective effect show different mechanisms that complement and overlap with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-proliferative effects. The main limitation of in vivo studies is the complexity of isolating the effects related to each one of the nutrients and the relationship with other possible etiological mechanisms. On the contrary, in vitro studies allow determining the specific mechanisms of action of some of the dietary compounds. In conclusion, and despite research limitations, the beneficial effects of a diet rich in vegetables and fruits are attributed to different micronutrients that are also found in fish and animal products. These compounds show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-proliferative properties that have a preventive role in the development of oral and other types of cancer.

scholarly journals Anti-Arthritic and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Spondias mangifera Extract Fractions: An In Silico, In Vitro and In Vivo Approach

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Mohammad Khalid ◽  
Mohammed H. Alqarni ◽  
Ambreen Shoaib ◽  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Ahmed I. Foudah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Arthritis Score ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Cox 1

The fruits of Spondias mangifera (S. mangifera) have traditionally been used for the management of rheumatism in the northeast region of India. The present study explores the probable anti-arthritis and anti-inflammatory potential of S. mangifera fruit extract’s ethanolic fraction (EtoH-F). To support this study, we first approached the parameters in silico by means of the active constituents of the plant (beta amyrin, beta sitosterol, oleonolic acid and co-crystallised ligands, i.e., SPD-304) via molecular docking on COX-1, COX-2 and TNF-α. Thereafter, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity properties were also determined, and finally experimental activity was performed in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro activities of the plant extract fractions were evaluated by means of parameters like 1,1-Diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), free radical-reducing potential, albumin denaturation, and protease inhibitory activity. The in vivo activity was evaluated using parameters like COX, TNF-α and IL-6 inhibition assay and arthritis score in Freund Adjuvant (CFA) models at a dose of 400 mg/kg b.w. per day of different fractions (hexane, chloroform, alcoholic). The molecular docking assay was performed on COX-1, COX-2 and TNF-α. The results of in vitro studies showed concentration-dependent reduction in albumin denaturation, protease inhibitors and scavenging activity at 500 µg/mL. Administration of the S. mangifera alcoholic fraction at the abovementioned dose resulted in a significant reduction (p < 0.01) in arthritis score, paw diameters, TNF-α, IL-6 as compared to diseased animals. The docking results showed that residues show a critical binding affinity with TNF-α and act as the TNF-α antagonist. The alcoholic fraction of S. mangifera extract possesses beneficial effects on rheumatoid arthritis as well as anti-inflammatory potential, and can further can be used as a possible agent for novel target-based therapies for the management of arthritis.

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