scholarly journals Nutraceutical Effects of Lycopene in Experimental Varicocele: An “In Vivo” Model to Study Male Infertility

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Antonuccio ◽  
Antonio Micali ◽  
Domenico Puzzolo ◽  
Carmelo Romeo ◽  
Giovanna Vermiglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Bax Gene

Varicocele is one of the main causes of infertility in men. Oxidative stress and consequently apoptosis activation contribute to varicocele pathogenesis, worsening its prognosis. Natural products, such as lycopene, showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in several experimental models, also in testes. In this study we investigated lycopene effects in an experimental model of varicocele. Male rats (n = 14) underwent sham operations and were administered with vehicle (n = 7) or with lycopene (n = 7; 1 mg/kg i.p., daily). Another group of animals (n = 14) underwent surgical varicocele. After 28 days, the sham and 7 varicocele animals were euthanized, and both operated and contralateral testes were weighted and processed. The remaining rats were treated with lycopene (1 mg/kg i.p., daily) for 30 days. Varicocele rats showed reduced testosterone levels, testes weight, Bcl-2 mRNA expression, changes in testes structure and increased malondialdehyde levels and BAX gene expression. TUNEL (Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling) assay showed an increased number of apoptotic cells. Treatment with lycopene significantly increased testosterone levels, testes weight, and Bcl-2 mRNA expression, improved tubular structure and decreased malondialdehyde levels, BAX mRNA expression and TUNEL-positive cells. The present results show that lycopene exerts beneficial effects in testes, and suggest that supplementation with the tomato-derived carotenoid might be considered a novel nutraceutical strategy for the treatment of varicocele and male infertility.

scholarly journals L-arginine suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of RANTES in glomeruli.

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Haberstroh ◽  
K Stilo ◽  
J Pocock ◽  
G Wolf ◽  
U Helmchen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Northern Blotting ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltrate ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Endotoxemia leads to the infiltration of inflammatory cells in glomeruli and the tubulointerstitium of the kidney. The ultimate mechanisms for this infiltration, however, are not entirely clear. In this study, the glomerular formation of the chemokine RANTES (regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) was examined in an in vivo model of endotoxemia to evaluate the role the local release of chemokines might play in the regulation of this inflammatory cell infiltrate. Since the beneficial effects of nitric oxide (NO) on immune-mediated tissue injury have been reported, we also examined possible interactions between the chemokine RANTES and the L-arginine/NO pathway. To induce endotoxemia, rats were injected intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Glomeruli were isolated over a 24-h time period, and RANTES was assessed by Northern blotting, a chemotactic assay, and a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The chemokine release was associated with increased glomerular infiltration of monocytes/macrophages. LPS also stimulated the mRNA expression of inducible NO synthase and increased the release of nitrite into the supernatants of isolated glomeruli. Supplementation of L-arginine intake increased the release of glomerular nitrite and reduced glomerular RANTES expression after the injection of LPS. Inhibition of the L-arginine/NO pathway by the unspecific NO synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methylester significantly increased glomerular RANTES mRNA expression and the number of infiltrating glomerular macrophages. These data demonstrate that L-arginine suppresses glomerular RANTES formation and suggest that the chemokine-mediated recruitment of glomerular macrophages in LPS-induced endotoxemia can be modulated by the L-arginine/NO pathway.

scholarly journals Boosting the Intra-Articular Efficacy of Low Dose Corticosteroid through a Biopolymeric Matrix: An In Vivo Model of Osteoarthritis

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1571
Author(s):  
Matilde Tschon ◽  
Francesca Salamanna ◽  
Lucia Martini ◽  
Gianluca Giavaresi ◽  
Luca Lorenzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Chemical Induction ◽  
Local Pain ◽  
Gait Parameters

The purpose of this study was to verify the efficacy of a single intra-articular (i.a.) injection of a hyaluronic acid-chitlac (HY-CTL) enriched with two low dosages of triamcinolone acetonide (TA, 2.0 mg/mL and 4.5 mg/mL), in comparison with HY-CTL alone, with a clinical control (TA 40 mg/mL) and with saline solution (NaCl) in an in vivo osteoarthritis (OA) model. Seven days after chemical induction of OA, 80 Sprague Dawley male rats were grouped into five arms (n = 16) and received a single i.a. injection of: 40 mg/mL TA, HY-CTL alone, HY-CTL with 2.0 mg/mL TA (RV2), HY-CTL with 4.5 mg/mL TA (RV4.5) and 0.9% NaCl. Pain sensitivity and Catwalk were performed at baseline and at 7, 14 and 21 days after the i.a. treatments. The histopathology of the joint, meniscus and synovial reaction, type II collagen expression and aggrecan expression were assessed 21 days after treatments. RV4.5 improved the local pain sensitivity in comparison with TA and NaCl. RV4.5 and TA exerted similar beneficial effects in all gait parameters. Histopathological analyses, measured by Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) and Kumar scores and by immunohistochemistry, evidenced that RV4.5 and TA reduced OA features in the same manner and showed a stronger type II collagen and aggrecan expression; both treatments reduced synovitis, as measured by Krenn score and, at the meniscus level, RV4.5 improved degenerative signs as evaluated by Pauli score. TA or RV4.5 treatments limited the local articular cartilage deterioration in knee OA with an improvement of the physical structure of articular cartilage, gait parameters, the sensitivity to local pain and a reduction of the synovial inflammation.

scholarly journals Electrochemically Reduced Water Delays Mammary Tumors Growth in Mice and Inhibits Breast Cancer Cells SurvivalIn Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Vanni Frajese ◽  
Monica Benvenuto ◽  
Rosanna Mattera ◽  
Saverio Giampaoli ◽  
Elena Ambrosin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Significant Prolongation ◽  
Reduced Water

Electrochemical reduced water (ERW) has been proposed to have beneficial effects on human health due to its rich content of H2and the presence of platinum nanoparticles with antioxidant effects. Many studies have demonstrated that ERW scavenging properties are able to reduce the damage caused by oxidative stress in different experimental models. Although fewin vivostudies have been reported, it has been demonstrated that ERW may display anticancer effects by induction of tumor cells apoptosis and reduction of both angiogenesis and inflammation. In this study, we show that ERW treatment of MCF-7, MDA-MB-453, and mouse (TUBO) breast cancer cells inhibited cell survival in a time-dependent fashion. ERW decreased ErbB2/neuexpression and impaired pERK1/ERK2 and AKT phosphorylation in breast cancer cells. In addition, ERW treatment induced apoptosis of breast cancer cell lines independently of the status of p53 and ER and PR receptors. Ourin vivoresults showed that ERW treatment of transgenic BALB-neuT mice delayed the development of mammary tumors compared to the control. In addition, ERW induced a significant prolongation of tumor-free survival and a reduction in tumor multiplicity. Overall, these results suggest a potential beneficial role of ERW in inhibiting cancer cells growth.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Citrus Flavonoid Hesperetin: Special Focus on Neurological Disorders

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjad Khan ◽  
Muhammad Ikram ◽  
Jong Ryeal Hahm ◽  
Myeong Ok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Neurodegenerative disorders have emerged as a serious health issue in the current era. The most common neurodegenerative disorders are Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These diseases involve progressive impairment of neurodegeneration and memory impairment. A wide range of compounds have been identified as potential neuroprotective agents against different models of neurodegeneration both in vivo and in vitro. Hesperetin, a flavanone class of citrus flavonoid, is a derivative of hesperidin found in citrus fruits such as oranges, grapes, and lemons. It has been extensively reported that hesperetin exerts neuroprotective effects in experimental models of neurodegenerative diseases. In this systematic review, we have compiled all the studies conducted on hesperetin in both in vivo and in vitro models of neurodegeneration. Here, we have used an approach to lessen the bias in each study, providing a least biased, broad understanding of findings and impartial conclusions of the strength of evidence and the reliability of findings. In this review, we collected different papers from a wide range of journals describing the beneficial effects of hesperetin on animal models of neurodegeneration. Our results demonstrated consistent neuroprotective effects of hesperetin against different models of neurodegeneration. In addition, we have summarized its underlying mechanisms. This study provides the foundations for future studies and recommendations of further mechanistic approaches to conduct preclinical studies on hesperetin in different models.

Ex vivo development of functional human lymph node and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue

Blood ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 2483-2489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabindra Tirouvanziam ◽  
Ibrahim Khazaal ◽  
Victoire N'Sondé ◽  
Marie-Alix Peyrat ◽  
Annick Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Functional Relations

We introduce a novel in vivo model of human mucosal immunity, based on the implantation of human fetal bronchial mucosa and autologous peribronchial lymph node (PLN) in the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse. In the SCID host, human fetal bronchi implanted alone retain macrophages and mast cells but lose T cells. In contrast, fetal bronchi co-implanted with PLN contain, in addition to macrophages and mast cells, numerous T cells and B cells, often clustered in intramucosal bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). Functionally, bronchus–PLN cografts are able to mount robust αβ and γδ T-cell–mediated immune responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 3,4-epoxy-3-methyl-1-butyl-diphosphate challenges. No other autologous lymphoid organ (bone marrow, thymus, liver) allows for BALT development in co-implanted bronchi, which suggests special ontogenetic and functional relations between extramucosal PLN and intramucosal BALT. Overall, the bronchus–PLN cograft appears as a promising model for human bronchial immune development and function. Our study is the first to document long-term ex vivo maintenance of functional human lymph nodes as native appendices to mucosal tissue. Our results, therefore, suggest a simple strategy for developing similar experimental models of human immune function in other mucosae.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory and Antihistaminic Study of a Unani Eye Drop Formulation

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. OED.S3612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latif Abdul ◽  
Razique Abdul ◽  
R.R. Sukul ◽  
Siddiqui Nazish
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Guinea Pig Ileum ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ophthalmic Formulation

The Unani eye drop is an ophthalmic formulation prepared for its beneficial effects in the inflammatory and allergic conditions of the eyes. In the present study, the Unani eye drop formulation was prepared and investigated for its anti-inflammatory and antihistaminic activity, using in vivo and in vitro experimental models respectively. The Unani eye drop formulation exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in turpentine liniment-induced ocular inflammation in rabbits. The preparation also showed antihistaminic activity in isolated guinea-pig ileum. The anti-inflammatory and antihistaminic activity of eye drop may be due to presence of active ingredients in the formulation. Although there are many drugs in Unani repository which are mentioned in classical books or used in Unani clinical practice effectively in treatment of eye diseases by various Unani physicians. Inspite of the availability of vast literature, there is a dearth of commercial Unani ocular preparations. So, keeping this in mind, the eye drop formulation was prepared and its anti-inflammatory and antihistaminic activity was carried out in animal models. Thus, in view of the importance of alternative anti-inflammatory and antiallergic drugs, it becomes imperative to bring these indigenous drugs to the front foot and evaluate their activities.

scholarly journals Euterpe edulis pulp products and your effect on liver and kidney of in vivo model of colorectal cancer: Histopathological analysis / Produtos da polpa de Euterpe edulis e seus efeitos no fígado e nos rins em modelo in vivo de câncer colorretal: Análise histopatológica

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 99446-99464
Author(s):  
Flávia Barbosa Pinto ◽  
Cinthia Vidal Monteiro da Silva Couto ◽  
Anderson Barros Archanjo ◽  
Mayara Mota Oliveira ◽  
Joaquim Gasparini Dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Euterpe Edulis ◽  
Liver And Kidney

The objective was to report the injuries on liver and kidney promoted by experimental colorectal carcinogenesis induction in rats and evaluate the effect of supplementation with Euterpe edulis M. pulp products on resolution of this injuries. Colorectal carcinogenesis with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine was induced in young male rats, allocated into: C - induced to carcinogenesis; CJ - induced to carcinogenesis and supplemented with juçara fruit pulp; and CE - induced to carcinogenesis and supplemented with juçara fruit lyophilized extract. Nine animals were a negative control. Supplementation occurred three times a week, totaling 54 days of administration with 1 mg of cyanidin-3-glycoside per kilogram live weight. The hepatic and renal histopathological injuries were assessed at 10 and 23 weeks. In liver, at 10-week biliary hyperplasia was more evident in colorectal cancer induced groups compared to N group (p = 0.0230), as well as megalocytosis (p = 0.0269), and juçara fruit-based product do not promote cytoprotection. At 23-week biliary hyperplasia continued present, and liver necrosis was evident in C group and CJ group. Hepatic degeneration was greater in C group, and megalocytosis was evident in the cancer-induced groups, without cytoprotection by juçara fruit-based product. In kidney, at 23-week, renal congestion was more evident in CJ group, and tubular degeneration in C and CE groups. Important hepatic and renal injuries were observed in rats induced to colorectal cancer and the supplementation with juçara fruit-based product, in the dose used, did not interfere in the prevention and resolution of these injuries, mainly with the chronic use.

scholarly journals Beneficial effects of exercise on gut microbiota functionality and barrier integrity, and gut-liver crosstalk in an in vivo model of early obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. dmm039206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Carbajo-Pescador ◽  
David Porras ◽  
María Victoria García-Mediavilla ◽  
Susana Martínez-Flórez ◽  
María Juarez-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

scholarly journals Lactobacillus acidophilus attenuates downregulation of DRA function and expression in inflammatory models

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (6) ◽  
pp. G623-G631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varsha Singh ◽  
Anoop Kumar ◽  
Geetu Raheja ◽  
Arivarasu N. Anbazhagan ◽  
Shubha Priyamvada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Models ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Exchange Activity

Probiotics, including Lactobacilli, are commensal bacteria that have been used in clinical trials and experimental models for the prevention and treatment of diarrheal disorders. Our previous studies have shown that Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) and its culture supernatant (CS) stimulated Cl−/HCO3− exchange activity, acutely via an increase in the surface levels of downregulated in adenoma (DRA, SLC26A3) and in long-term treatments via increasing its expression involving transcriptional mechanisms. However, the role of LA in modulating DRA activity under inflammatory conditions is not known. Current in vitro studies using human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells examined the efficacy of LA or its CS in counteracting the inhibitory effects of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) on Cl−/HCO3− exchange activity. Pretreatment of cells with LA or LA-CS for 1 h followed by coincubation with IFN-γ significantly alleviated the inhibitory effects of IFN-γ on Cl−/HCO3− exchange activity. In the in vivo model of dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis (3% in drinking water for 7 days) in C57BL/6J mice, administration of live LA (3 × 109 colony-forming units) via oral gavage attenuated colonic inflammation. LA administration also counteracted the colitis-induced decrease in DRA mRNA and protein levels. Efficacy of LA or its secreted soluble factors in alleviating inflammation and inflammation-associated dysregulation of DRA activity could justify their therapeutic potential in inflammatory diarrheal diseases.

scholarly journals Differential involvement of adrenal and gonadal steroids in anterior and intermediate pituitary pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA expression induced by the endogenous benzodiazepine, octadecaneuropeptide, in adult male rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 161 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Givalois ◽  
S Li ◽  
G Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Gonadal Steroids ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hybridization Signal ◽  
Hybridization Technique ◽  
Intermediate Lobe ◽  
Pomc Mrna ◽  
Control Sham

The involvement of the endogenous benzodiazepine, octadecaneuropeptide (ODN), in the regulation of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA expression at the pituitary level, and the influence of adrenal and gonadal steroids, have been studied using a quantitative in situ hybridization technique. I.c.v. injection of ODN (4 micrograms/kg) in sham-operated rats induced a 17 and 7% decrease in the POMC mRNA expression in anterior and intermediate pituitary lobes respectively. To determine the reciprocal involvement of adrenal and gonadal steroids in this regulation, animals were adrenalectomized and/or castrated. Adrenalectomy significantly increased POMC mRNA expression by 48% at the anterior pituitary level, but induced a 10% decrease of hybridization signal at the intermediate pituitary lobe (vs control sham-operated). Adrenal ablation reversed the effect induced by ODN and increased POMC mRNA expression at the anterior and intermediate pituitary levels by 60 and 10% respectively, compared with control sham-operated. By contrast, castration, which produced a decrease in POMC mRNA in the anterior pituitary and an increase in the intermediate lobe, did not modify the negative influence of ODN observed in sham-operated animals. When rats were adrenalectomized and castrated, the adrenalectomy influence was predominant at the anterior pituitary level, since ODN increased significantly the hybridization signal (+68% vs control sham-operated), while the castration influence was predominant at the intermediate pituitary level, since ODN induced an 11% decrease in POMC mRNA signal compared with control sham-operated. These studies indicate that, in vivo, the decrease in POMC mRNA expression in the anterior and intermediate pituitary induced by an endogenous benzodiazepine is differently modulated by adrenal and gonadal steroids, with a predominant influence of adrenal steroids at the anterior pituitary level and gonadal steroids at the intermediate pituitary level.

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