scholarly journals Survey on the Presence of Malassezia spp. in Healthy Rabbit Ear Canals

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 696
Author(s):  
Roberta Galuppi ◽  
Benedetto Morandi ◽  
Silvia Agostini ◽  
Sara Dalla Torre ◽  
Monica Caffara
Keyword(s):  
Meat Production ◽  
Yeast Growth ◽  
Rabbit Ear ◽  
Healthy Rabbit ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Glucose Agar ◽  
Sabouraud Glucose Agar ◽  
Ear Canals ◽  
Human Ear ◽  
Malassezia Spp

Malassezia spp. have rarely been reported in rodents and lagomorphs. In 2011, Malassezia cuniculi was described in two rabbits. Further microscopic studies showed M. cuniculi-like yeasts in more than 50% of samples from rabbits’ ear canals, but no isolation was made. The present study details the presence of Malassezia spp. and tries to typify it from ear canals of healthy rabbits. Seventy-eight half-breed rabbits from rural farms and 98 companion dwarf rabbits from northern Italy were considered. A first attempt to screen ear swabs was performed by microscopic and cultural examination on Sabouraud Glucose Agar (SGA), modified Dixon Agar (mDA) and Leeming and Notman Agar (LNA). Additionally, ear swabs from eight further microscopically positive rabbits for M. cuniculi-like cells, were used for both isolation on LNA medium and nine of its variants and for DNA extraction, PCR and sequencing. The microscopic observation of the swabs of the screened 168 rabbits highlighted the presence of yeasts in one or both of the external ear canals of 98 rabbits (58.3%). Rabbits used for meat production were more frequently diagnosed positive than pet rabbits (P = 0.001), and young ones were more often positive compared to rabbits older than 3 months (P = 0.027). No yeast growth was observed in culture. From the eight selected rabbits, Malassezia isolation failed both on LNA and on the modified mediums. Sequences of ~300 bp fragments of 18s rDNA, obtained by PCR from swabs, showed 99.9% identity with Malassezia phylotype 131 described from human ear canals. As Malassezia-like yeasts have been observed in more than half of the examined population, its colonization of ear meatus can be considered as physiological in rabbits. The results outline how much remains to be discovered on Malassezia as a component of the skin mycobiota of rabbits and that the use of the culture examination alone is not the best choice to detect Malassezia-like yeasts in rabbits.

scholarly journals Sound pressure distribution within natural and artificial human ear canals: Forward stimulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 3132-3146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Ravicz ◽  
Jeffrey Tao Cheng ◽  
John J. Rosowski
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Ear Canals ◽  
Human Ear

scholarly journals Majocchi's granuloma of the vulva: A case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Milan Bjekić ◽  
Danijela Pecarski
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Glucose Agar ◽  
Nodular Lesions ◽  
Sabouraud Glucose Agar ◽  
Majocchi’S Granuloma ◽  
Immunocompromised Hosts

Introduction/Aim: Majocchi's granuloma is an infrequent deep-seated fungal infection where pathogen invades hair follicles, entering the dermal and subcutaneous tissue, thus forming granulomatous dermal and/or hypodermal changes. There are two clinical types: the first one is common in healthy individuals characterized by superficial perifollicular papular infection, and the second is followed by the deep subcutaneous nodules usually reported among immunocompromised hosts. This infection is usually caused by Trichophyton rubrum. The aim of this paper is to show the rare localization of this disease in the area of the vulva. Case report: We present a 20-year-old immunocompetent woman with multiple papules, nodules, and pustules on the hairy part of the vulva. Potassium hydroxide preparations of skin scrapings were negative and culture performed on Sabouraud glucose agar revealed Trichophyton rubrum. The patient was treated with the oral systemic antifungal therapy for four weeks and all lesions resolved. Conclusion: Majocchi's granuloma should not be overlooked in patients with papular and nodular lesions in the vulvar region.

scholarly journals Membrane Filtration Test for Rapid Presumptive Differentiation of Four Candida Species

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1498-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Bauters ◽  
R. Peleman ◽  
M. Moerman ◽  
H. Vermeersch ◽  
D. de Looze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Glucose Agar ◽  
Sabouraud Glucose Agar ◽  
Multiple Species

A rapid enzymatic two-step test for the presumptive differentiation of four Candida species commonly occurring in various clinical samples is described. The technique involves membrane filtration of a liquid sample, followed by preincubation of the membrane filter on Sabouraud glucose agar supplemented with ticarcillin-clavulanic acid to yield microcolonies. In a separate assay step, parts of the filter are placed on absorbent pads impregnated with fluorogenic 4-methylumbelliferyl (4-MU) enzyme substrates (4-MU-N-acetyl-β-d-galactosaminide, 4-MU-phosphate, 4-MU-pyrophosphate, and 4-MU-β-d-galactoside) in combination with 0.1% digitonin acting as a membrane permeabilizer. The membrane filter in contact with the assay medium is incubated to allow cleavage of the enzyme substrate, resulting in fluorescent microcolonies under long-wavelength UV light. This approach, tested on 301 clinical samples, is able to presumptively differentiate C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, and C. tropicalisand to distinguish them from other Candida spp. in about 9 to 11 h. Overall agreement with the conventional methods of 94.4% (one Candida species present in the sample) to 83.8% (multiple Candida spp. present) was obtained. The false-negative rates with reference to identification by traditional methods were 1.3% (single species) and 3.8% (multiple species).

Application of hypertonic Sabouraud glucose agar for differentiation of Candida dubliniensis from Candida albicans

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha Chowdhary ◽  
Harbans S. Randhawa ◽  
Tusharantak Kowshik ◽  
Shallu Kathuria ◽  
Pradip Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Dubliniensis ◽  
Glucose Agar ◽  
Sabouraud Glucose Agar

scholarly journals In Vitro Comparison of Terbinafine and Itraconazole against Penicillium marneffei

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1407-1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. McGinnis ◽  
Nicole G. Nordoff ◽  
Neil S. Ryder ◽  
Gary B. Nunn
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Penicillium Marneffei ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Geometric Mean Titer ◽  
Broth Macrodilution ◽  
Glucose Agar ◽  
Sabouraud Glucose Agar ◽  
Drug Dilution

ABSTRACT We evaluated terbinafine and itraconazole against 30 isolates ofPenicillium marneffei using a modification of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards broth macrodilution MIC testing protocol for yeasts. The minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) was determined by plating 100 μl from each MIC drug dilution having no growth onto Sabouraud glucose agar incubated at 30°C. The MFC was the dilution at which growth was absent at 72 h of incubation. The MICs, in micrograms per milliliter, were as follows: terbinafine, 0.03 to 1.0 (geometric mean titer, 0.09); itraconazole, 0.03 to 0.5 (geometric mean titer, 0.04). The MFCs, in micrograms per milliliter, were as follows: terbinafine, 0.03 to 8 (geometric mean titer, 2.60); itraconazole, 0.03 to 8 (geometric mean titer, 2.45). Primary fungicidal activity (MFC within 2 dilutions of MIC) was observed with terbinafine in eight isolates and with itraconazole in four isolates. The data indicate that terbinafine is active against P. marneffei in vitro and may have a previously unrealized role in the management of infections caused by this fungus.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and antifungal susceptibility of Candida albicans isolates from Iranian HIV-infected patients with oral candidiasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iradj Ashrafi Tamai ◽  
Babak Pakbin ◽  
Bahar Nayeri Fasaei
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Glucose Agar ◽  
Sabouraud Glucose Agar ◽  
Inhibition Zones

Abstract Objective The objectives of this study were to investigate the antifungal susceptibility and genetic diversity of Candida albicans isolated from HIV+ patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis. A total of 50 C. albicans isolates were cultured on Sabouraud glucose agar containing chloramophenicol. The antifungal susceptibility of the isolates against fluconazole, clotrimazole, nystatin, amphotericin B, ketoconazole and flucytosine was assessed using disc diffusion method. The genetic diversity of C. albicans isolates was determined using random amplified polymorphic DNA marker. Results The inhibition zones ranged from 4 ± 1.8 to 40 ± 3.8 mm for fluconazole, 7 ± 1.0 to 37 ± 1.8 mm for ketoconazole, 14 ± 0.8 to24 ± 0.8 mm for amphotericin B, 25 ± 0.0 to 33 ± 0.0 mm for nystatin and 7 ± 4.2 to 40 ± 0.0 mm for clotrimazole. At 90% similarity, three distinct groups were observed. The smallest cluster composed of 3 isolates, whereas the largest one composed of 17 isolates. 32% (16/50), 28% (14/50) and 14% (7/50) were resistant to fluconazole, ketoconazole and clotrimazole, respectively.

scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS ANTI JAMUR EKSTRAK INFUSA DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricata L.) TERHADAP Candida albicans

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
MIFTACHUL SOBIRIN
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Glucose Agar ◽  
Sabouraud Glucose Agar

Kandidiasis adalah suatu penyakit jamur, yang bersifat akut atau sub akut disebabkan oleh Candida albicans dapat menyerang daerah kulit, mulut, selaput mukosa vagina,  kuku, bronki atau paru-paru. Penyakit ini ditemukan di seluruh dunia dan dapat menyerang semua umur baik laki-laki maupun perempuan. Pengetahuan tentang obat merupakan warisan budaya bangsa salah satunya jenis tanaman berkhasiat obat daun sirsak terhadap Candida albicans. Penelitan dengan metode true eksperimental, Populasi daun sirsak (Annona Muricata L.), diperoleh dari daerah Pasir Panjang, Pangkalan Bun, Kal-Teng. Jamur uji yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jamur Candida albicans. Medium yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah medium SGA (Sabouraud Glucose Agar) + khloramfenikol 75 ppm dan medium SGC (Sabouraud Glucose Cair). Daun sirsak yang digunakan adalah daun yang berasal dari tanaman sirsak dewasa. Pengujian anti jamur dilakukan dengan metode dilusi atau seri pengenceran dengan interval pengenceran dua kali, menggunakan 12 tabung reaksi, tiap tabung dimasukkan sebanyak 0,5 ml SGC secara aseptis. Semua tabung diinkubasi selama 5-7 hari pada suhu kamar, kemudian diamati adanya pertumbuhan (kekeruhan) dengan cara membandingkan dengan kontrol negatif dan kontrol positif. Hasil Penelitian yaitu Infusa daun sirsak mempunyai aktivitas untuk menghambat dan membunuh pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans yang menunjukkan KHM dan KBM pada konsentrasi 12,5%. Kata Kunci : Aktivitas, Infusa, Daun Sirsak, Candida albicans.

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