Socioeconomic characteristics of communities utilizing land in forest areas in the Maros Watershed

The community has used the land throughout the area without exception in the forest area. The function of forest areas also varies based on the biophysical conditions of a land. The Maros River Basin has a complex forest area function ranging from production forest, protection forest to conservation forest (National Park). In addition, the Maros watershed also has its own uniqueness in the form of a karst ecosystem and biodiversity. This requires information related to activities, and the role of forests for people who use land in forest areas to meet their daily needs. Based on this, this study aims to analyze land use patterns, and socio-economic characteristics of the people in the Maros River Basin. This analysis begins with spot image analysis, and land use interpretation. The second analysis conducts detailed observations of land use in the field based on the results of land use interpretations that indicate community activities in forest areas. The last analysis is the socio-economic conditions, and the influence of the role of the forest on the community in using land in the forest area. The results of the analysis show that each area function is dominated by land use patterns in the form of dry land mixed with shrubs, rice fields, plantations, plantation forests, and secondary forests. Land use in the form of dry land mixed with shrubs is used as seasonal crops such as corn and horticulture. The use of plantation land, the community gets results in the form of candlenut and coffee. The use of plantation forest land is used to obtain pine resin, while the community uses the secondary forest as non-timber forest products such as honey bees and bamboo. The level of education of people who use forest areas is still low and the average income from the use of these areas is Rp. 1,372,679, - lower than the minimum wage in South Sulawesi Province.

An Area Theorem for Joint Harmonic Functions on the Product of Homogeneous Trees

For harmonic functions v on the disc, it has been known for a long time that non-tangential boundedness a.e.is equivalent to finiteness a.e. of the integral of the area function of v (Lusin area theorem). This result also hold for functions that are non-tangentially bounded only in a measurable subset of the boundary, and has been extended to rank-one hyperbolic spaces, and also to infinite trees (homogeneous or not). No equivalent of the Lusin area theorem is known on higher rank symmetric spaces, with the exception of the degenerate higher rank case given by the cartesian product of rank-one hyperbolic spaces. Indeed, for products of two discs, an area theorem for jointly harmonic functions was proved by M.P. and P. Malliavin, who introduced a new area function; non-tangential boundedness a.e. is a sufficient condition, but not necessary, for the finiteness of this area integral. Their result was later extended to general products of rank-one hyperbolic spaces by Korányi and Putz. Here we prove an area theorem for jointly harmonic functions on the product of a finite number of infinite homogeneous trees; for the sake of simplicity, we give the proofs for the product of two trees. This could be the first step to an area theorem for Bruhat–Tits affine buildings, thereby shedding light on the higher rank continuous set-up.

Tilting separation simulation and theory verification of mask projection stereolithography process

Purpose This study aims to accurately simulate the tilting separation process of mask projection stereolithography (MPSL) and verify the tilting theory. Design/methodology/approach The finite element separation models of MPSL 3D printing process were established. The established models simulated both tilting and pulling-up separation process by changing the constraints and boundary conditions. The bilinear cohesive curves were used to define the separation interface. The stress distribution of the cured part and FEP film at different times during the whole separation process was extracted. Different orientations of pulling-up and tilting were also compared for stress distribution. The stress change was analyzed for the center and edge points of the upper surface of cured part. Findings The results showed that the stress increased with the separation speed, and the stress at the edge position of exposure area was greater than the internal position. The tilting traction stress distribution was affected by the exposure area function and the velocity distribution. Alternation of the exposure area function changed the cohesive stiffness. The non-coincidence of the calculated traction stress with the input bilinear cohesive curve reflected the influence of the material properties and the separation methods. The high-speed side of tilting had fast separation and high traction stress. Originality/value This study proposes a technical method for simulation tilting separation and verified the tilting theory. The cohesive zone model was proved applicable to the tilting traction stress calculation.

An Ethnolinguistic Perspective on Lexicons of Traditional House in Menyali Village, North Bali

This study aims at identifying the concepts and the lexicons of traditional Balinese houses in Menyali Village, Sawan District, Buleleng Regency. This study is a descriptive qualitative research that involved three respondents, who were selected purposively. The data were collected through interviews and observation and analyzed using an interactive data analysis model. This study found that the Menyali community views that the tri mandala concept underlines its traditional house's spatial pattern. It includes nista (the profane lying), madya (middle lying for living area), and utama (the highest and holiest lying). It is also spiritually connected to two spiritual concepts, kangin-kauh (the directional axis of sunrise and sunset) and kaje-kelod (the directional axis of mountain and sea). This study identified 24 lexicons connected to the utama mandala, 7 to the madya mandala, and 5 to the nista mandala. The lexicon number is influenced by the area function and the rituals held in those areas.

Rencana Sarana Pengolahan Limbah B3 Covid-19 di Kota Ambon

Corona Virus or Covid-19 has taken over all the world, including Indonesia. This virus outbreak has become a pandemic because of its lightning-fast spread and greater number of death rate. Ambon as one of the cities in Eastern Indonesia is also affected by Corona Virus.The higher the positive cases in Ambon, the higher the hazardous and toxic waste production (B3). Now, the government of Maluku province is preparing B3 waste management facilities, so that this research aims to investigate the appropriate location for this waste management. This research was a qualitative descriptive by applying a SIG method, that was analysing the area function with the parameter of slope, soil type, and rainfall. The area function could be used to consider the development plans of an area. Then, the data of buildings was used as a basic to determine the ideal area with the service range of 500 meter in accordance with the standard distance of B3 waste management facilities from surrounding buildings. The research findings show four alternative areas of B3 waste management facilities in Ambon. These four areas are safe to be built hazardous and toxic waste (B3) management facilities since these are located far away from the settlements.

Direct determination of the area function for nanoindentation experiments

The determination of a suitable correction for tip blunting is crucial in order to obtain useful mechanical properties from nanoindentation experiments. While typically the required area function is acquired from the indentation of a reference material, the direct imaging by suitable methods is an interesting alternative. In this paper, we investigate the applicability of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and self-imaging by scanning a sharp silicon tip using the scanning probe microscopy extension of the nanoindentation system and compare the results to the area function obtained by the indentation of fused silica. The important tip characteristics were determined by various methods based on the analysis of the obtained 3D data sets. It was found that the suitability of CLSM and AFM depend on the resolution and the operation mode, respectively. While for these methods only limited consistency of the determined tip characteristics was found, self-imaging resulted in an excellent overall agreement. Graphic abstract

Study of Expressway Service Area Function Expansion

With the rapid development of economy and society, in the face of an increasingly large expressway consumer group, the expansion and upgrading of the expressway service area to marketization and industrialization is the only way for the sustainable development of the service area. The service area should be adapted to local conditions when expanding functions, and be expanded in a targeted manner according to the characteristics of each service area.