scholarly journals Host Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Modulating Influenza A Virus Disease in Humans

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aitor Nogales ◽  
Marta L. DeDiego
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Human Genes ◽  
Genomic Regions

A large number of human genes associated with viral infections contain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which represent a genetic variation caused by the change of a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence. SNPs are located in coding or non-coding genomic regions and can affect gene expression or protein function by different mechanisms. Furthermore, they have been linked to multiple human diseases, highlighting their medical relevance. Therefore, the identification and analysis of this kind of polymorphisms in the human genome has gained high importance in the research community, and an increasing number of studies have been published during the last years. As a consequence of this exhaustive exploration, an association between the presence of some specific SNPs and the susceptibility or severity of many infectious diseases in some risk population groups has been found. In this review, we discuss the relevance of SNPs that are important to understand the pathology derived from influenza A virus (IAV) infections in humans and the susceptibility of some individuals to suffer more severe symptoms. We also discuss the importance of SNPs for IAV vaccine effectiveness.

scholarly journals Vitamin D receptor, vitamin D binding protein and CYP27B1 single nucleotide polymorphisms and susceptibility to viral infections in infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Zacharioudaki ◽  
Ippokratis Messaritakis ◽  
Emmanouil Galanakis
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Vitamin D Binding Protein ◽  
Single Nucleotide

AbstractThe role of vitamin D in innate and adaptive immunity is recently under investigation. In this study we explored the potential association of genetic variances in vitamin D pathway and infections in infancy. Τhis prospective case–control study included infants 0–24 months with infection and age-matched controls. The single nucleotide polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene (BsmI, FokI, ApaI, TaqI), vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) (Gc gene, rs7041, rs4588) and CYP27B1 (rs10877012) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. In total 132 infants were enrolled, of whom 40 with bacterial and 52 with viral infection, and 40 healthy controls. As compared to controls, ΤaqI was more frequent in infants with viral infection compared to controls (p = 0.03, OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.1–3.58). Moreover, Gc1F was more frequent in the control group compared to infants with viral infection (p = 0.007, OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.3–5.6). No significant differences were found regarding the genetic profile for VDR and VDBP in infants with bacterial infection compared to the controls and also regarding CYP27B1 (rs10877012) between the studied groups. Genotypic differences suggest that vitamin D pathway might be associated with the host immune response against viral infections in infancy.

scholarly journals Validation of two multiplex real-time PCR assays based on single nucleotide polymorphisms of the HA1 gene of equine influenza A virus in order to differentiate between clade 1 and clade 2 Florida sublineage isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Brister ◽  
Samantha M. Barnum ◽  
Stephanie Reedy ◽  
Thomas M. Chambers ◽  
Nicola Pusterla
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
Clade 1 ◽  
Ha1 Gene

We validated 2 multiplex real-time PCR (rtPCR) assays based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the hemagglutinin-1 ( HA1) gene of H3N8 equine influenza A virus (EIV) to determine clade affiliation of prototype and field isolates. Initial validation of the 2 multiplex rtPCR assays (SNP1 and SNP2) was performed using nucleic acid from 14 EIV Florida sublineage clade 1 and 2 prototype strains. We included in our study previously banked EIV rtPCR-positive nasal secretions from 341 horses collected across the United States in 2012–2017 to determine their clade affiliation. All 14 EIV prototype strains were identified correctly as either Florida sublineage clade 1 or clade 2 using the 2 SNP target positions. Of 341 EIV rtPCR-positive samples, 337 (98.8%) and 4 (1.2%) isolates were classified as belonging to clade 1 and 2 Florida sublineage EIV, respectively. All clade 1 Florida sublineage EIV strains were detected in domestic horses, three clade 2 Florida sublineage EIV strains originated from horses recently imported into the United States, and one clade 2 Florida sublineage EIV strain originated from a healthy horse recently vaccinated with a modified-live intranasal EIV vaccine containing the American lineage strain A/eq/Kentucky/1991. EIV Florida sublineage clade differentiation using a fast and reliable multiplex rtPCR platform will help monitor the introduction of clade 2 Florida sublineage EIV strains into North America via international transportation.

Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes

10.1038/10290 ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Cargill ◽  
David Altshuler ◽  
James Ireland ◽  
Pamela Sklar ◽  
Kristin Ardlie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Human Genes

Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms inTNFAandIL10Genes with Disease Severity in Influenza A/H1N1pdm09 Virus Infections: A Study from Western India

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 683-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manohar Lal Choudhary ◽  
Kalichamy Alagarasu ◽  
Urmila Chaudhary ◽  
Samruddhi Kawale ◽  
Prachi Malasane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Western India ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Single Nucleotide

scholarly journals Efficient discovery of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Hu ◽  
B Modreck ◽  
H M F Riise Stensland ◽  
J Saarela ◽  
P Pajukanta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Human Genes
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