scholarly journals Glycaemic and Appetite Suppression Effect of a Vegetable-Enriched Bread

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4277
Author(s):  
Isaac Amoah ◽  
Carolyn Cairncross ◽  
Fabrice Merien ◽  
Elaine Rush
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Suppression Effect ◽  
Appetite Suppression ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Glucose ◽  
Desire To Eat

Bread, a frequently consumed food, is an ideal vehicle for addition of ingredients that increase nutrient density and add health benefits. This experimental cross-over study sought to test the effect of a vegetable-enriched bread (VB) in comparison to commercial white bread (WB) and wheatmeal bread (WMB) on serum glucose, insulin response and subjective appetite suppression. On three separate occasions, 10 participants (23 ± 7 years) visited the laboratory and consumed after an overnight fast, in random order, a 75 g serve of WB, WMB or VB. Venous blood samples drawn twice before (0 min) and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after consumption of the bread were analysed for glucose and insulin. Participants rated their subjective feelings of hunger, fullness, satisfaction and desire to eat on a 150 mm Likert scale. The mean glucose iAUC over 120 min was not different among the breads. The mean insulin iAUC for the VB was significantly lower than the WB and WMB; difference VB and WB 12,415 pmol/L*minutes (95% CI 1918, 22,912 pmol/L*minutes, p = 0.025) and difference VB and WMB 13,800 pmol/L*minutes (95% CI 1623, 25,976 pmol/L*minutes p = 0.031). The VB was associated with a higher fullness feeling in the participants over the 120-min period. The consumption of VB was associated with less insulin release and higher satiety over 120 min which may be related to the higher fibre content and texture of VB. The role of vegetable and fruit fibres such as pectin in bread and insulin response should also be further explored.

scholarly journals Acidification of Blood Is Superior to Sodium Fluoride Alone as an Inhibitor of Glycolysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1019-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Gambino ◽  
Janet Piscitelli ◽  
Tomy A Ackattupathil ◽  
Judy L Theriault ◽  
Reynaldo D Andrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Sodium Oxalate ◽  
Enzymatic Method ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Glucose ◽  
Plasma Collection

Abstract Background: Sodium fluoride is the preferred agent to inhibit glycolysis. Its action is not immediate, however, and complete inhibition is delayed for up to 4 hours. A more effective method is needed. Acidification of blood combined with the addition of NaF and EDTA appears to be such a method. We studied whether acidification was indeed more effective than NaF. Methods: We conducted 6 independent studies over a 10-month period at 3 Quest Diagnostics laboratory sites. In each study, we drew venous blood from 6–24 nonfasting employee volunteers into 3 or 4 different serum- or plasma-collection tubes, which were stored under different conditions and aliquoted at different times. We analyzed the aliquots in duplicate by means of a hexokinase-based enzymatic method. Results: The mean glucose concentration decreased by 0.3% at 2 h and by 1.2% at 24 h when blood was drawn into tubes containing citrate buffer, NaF, and EDTA. In contrast, the mean glucose concentration decreased by 4.6% at 2 h and by 7.0% at 24 h when blood was drawn into tubes containing NaF and sodium oxalate. Conclusions: Acidification should replace NaF alone as the recommended method for obtaining an accurate glucose concentration. Diagnostic cut points based on blood samples collected into tubes containing NaF as the only inhibitor of glycolysis are likely to be too low.

HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN CONCENTRATION DURING PHYSIOLOGICAL FLUCTUATIONS OF SERUM GLUCOSE IN NORMAL PREGNANT AND GESTATIONAL DIABETIC WOMEN

1975 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kühl ◽  
P. Gæde ◽  
J. G. Klebe ◽  
J. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Placental Lactogen ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Mean Glucose ◽  
Concentration Curves

ABSTRACT Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were carried out in 9 normal pregnant women and 11 non-obese gestational diabetics in late pregnancy. All samples were analysed for the content of glucose, insulin and placental lactogen hormone (HPL). Furthermore, spontaneous changes in the serum HPL concentration during a 3 h period were studied in 6 normal women in the 2nd half of pregnancy. During OGTT only small and insignificant changes in the level of HPL were observed in both the normal subjects and the gestational diabetics. Furthermore, the mean HPL concentration curves of the normal subjects and the gestational diabetics were superimposed although the mean glucose concentration curves were significantly different. The study of spontaneous changes in HPL revealed only small and insignificant fluctuations in the serum HPL level, and the mean concentration curve resembled those obtained from the OGTT-study. It is concluded that neither the absolute serum glucose level, nor physiological fluctuations in the serum glucose concentration seemed to influence the serum concentration of HPL in this type of patients.

Glucose tolerance, growth hormone and somatomedin levels in osteosarcoma patients

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Adamson ◽  
L.-Å. Broström ◽  
S. Efendić ◽  
K. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Insulin Response To Glucose ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mean Glucose

Abstract. Intravenous glucose tolerance, insulin response to glucose, the sensitivity of the periphery to insulin as well as growth hormone and somatomedin levels were determined in osteosarcoma patients and control subjects matched by age, sex, weight and length. The insulin response to glucose and the peripheral sensitivity to insulin were evaluated by using the individual blood glucose and plasma insulin curves for parameter identification in a mathematical model. The mean glucose tolerance was significantly decreased in the patients, most likely due to decreased peripheral insulin sensitivity. Plasma growth hormone levels were normal in all patients which was also the case with somatomedin levels determined by both radioreceptor- and radioimmunoassay.

The Effect of the Oral Administration of Leucine on Endothelial Function, Glucose and Insulin Concentrations in Healthy Subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 127 (08) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Argyrakopoulou ◽  
Paraskevi Kontrafouri ◽  
Ioanna Eleftheriadou ◽  
Alexander Kokkinos ◽  
Christina Arapostathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Glucose Levels

Abstract Objective The aim of our study was to investigate the potential differential effect of hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia induced by glucose infusion alone and in combination with leucine consumption on endothelial function in healthy individuals. Methods Ten male volunteers were examined in random order twice. In one visit, they consumed 250 ml water (baseline) and 30 min later glucose was infused iv. In the other visit, they consumed 250 ml water with 25 g of leucine and 30 min later the same amount of glucose was infused. Serum glucose and insulin were measured at baseline and every 10 min after glucose infusion for 1 h. Endothelial function was evaluated by measurement of flow mediated vasodilatation (FMD) at baseline, 10 and 60 min after glucose infusion. Results In both visits, glucose levels increased to the same degree, whereas insulin response was significantly higher after leucine administration. FMD values declined significantly compared to baseline 10 min after glucose infusion in the control visit (6.9±2.7 vs. 3.2±3.5%, respectively, p=0.006), while no significant change was observed when glucose infusion was followed by leucine consumption. Conclusions Acute hyperglycaemia impairs endothelial function in healthy male individuals. Leucine administration prevents hyperglycaemia-mediated endothelial dysfunction probably due to enhanced insulin secretion.

GLUCOSE METABOLISM DURING AND AFTER PREGNANCY IN NORMAL AND GESTATIONAL DIABETIC WOMEN

1975 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kühl
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Endogenous Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response To Glucose ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Mean Glucose

ABSTRACT Glucose and insulin concentrations during basal fasting conditions and after an oral challenge with glucose have been studied during early, mid and late pregnancy and also after delivery in a group of 9 normal women. No significant changes in the fasting serum glucose concentration was observed during pregnancy. In contrast the fasting serum insulin gradually increased. No changes in the mean glucose concentration curve were observed until the second half of pregnancy where the level of the curve was significantly elevated, but statistically calculated limits of normality derived from a special study of non-pregnant normal controls were not exceeded. The serum insulin response to glucose was significantly increased at all stages of gestation and in parallel the insulin-to-glucose index calculated for the total areas below the insulin and glucose concentration curves increased significantly. The fasting insulin-to-glucose index also increased and was found to be significantly correlated to the stage of gestation. The shape of the glucose and insulin curves was modified in the opposite direction by pregnancy: the peak value of glucose was delayed whereas that of insulin was advanced. The results indicate that in pregnancy a diminished 'peripheral sensitivity' to endogenous insulin apparently develops. As it can be seen both in the basal fasting state and after challenge with glucose a permanent influence of pregnancy on serum insulin secretion seems most likely. Therefore, the possible involvement of the hormones of pregnancy should first be considered as a cause of these findings. However, different factors, e. g. altered levels of pro-insulin or glucagon, might also be involved in the mechanism.

Investigation of the Association Between Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness (IMT) and Cardiac Risk Factors in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Zahra Rezaieyazdi ◽  
Sima Sedighi ◽  
Masoumeh Salari ◽  
Mohammadreza H. Fard ◽  
Mahmoud R. Azarpazhooh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Background: The relationship between SLE and traditional risk factors for cardiovascular events was evaluated. Methods: The data regarding sixty patients with SLE and 30 healthy controls (age and sex matched) were gathered using SLEDAI forms. Venous blood (10mL) from all the participants was examined for hs-CRP, homocysteine, VCAM1, CBC, anti-DNA antibody, C3, C4, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, FBS and triglyceride. : The IMT of carotid arteries was determined bilaterally by ultrasound. Other measurements included insulin levels via Elisa (Linco/Millipore Corp) and the HOMA-IR index for insulin resistance. Results: The mean age (in years) in the test and control groups was 28.8±10.3 (18-52) and 33.8±9.13 (18-48), respectively. Results: The mean age (in years) in the test and control groups was 28.8±10.3 (18-52) and 33.8±9.13 (18-48), respectively. : The average IMT in the test group was directly related to serum levels of VCAM1 (p<0.001), homocysteine (p<0.001), cholesterol (p<0.009), LDL (p<0.001), TG (p<0.001), and FPG (p=0.004). The association between other risk factors, insulin resistance, carotid IMT and SLEDAI, was nonexistent. Mean insulin and insulin resistance levels in all the participants were 0.43±2.06 µU/mL and 0.09±0.44, respectively. There was no significant difference between the test and control groups regarding serum insulin and insulin resistance levels (p=0.42 and p=0.9, respectively). None of the risk factors, such as hsCRP, VCAM1, or homocysteine, were shown to be related to insulin resistance (p=0.6, p=0.6, p=0.09, respectively). Conclusion:: Our findings did not show an increase in the prevalence of atherosclerosis in patients with SLE. There was no association between IMT and insulin resistance. However, the former was associated with FPG, total cholesterol, LDL, TG, homocystein and VCAM1.

scholarly journals Relationship between 24-h venous blood glucose variation and mortality among patients with acute respiratory failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Zhang ◽  
Jingjing Zhang ◽  
Jiamei Li ◽  
Ya Gao ◽  
Ruohan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Acute Respiratory Failure ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Icu Mortality ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractEvidence indicates that glucose variation (GV) plays an important role in mortality of critically ill patients. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the coefficient of variation of 24-h venous blood glucose (24-hVBGCV) and mortality among patients with acute respiratory failure. The records of 1625 patients in the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care II (MIMIC II) database were extracted. The 24-hVBGCV was calculated as the ratio of the standard deviation (SD) to the mean venous blood glucose level, expressed as a percentage. The outcomes included ICU mortality and in-hospital mortality. Participants were divided into three subgroups based on tertiles of 24-hVBGCV. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between 24-hVBGCV and mortality. Sensitivity analyses were also performed in groups of patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Taking the lowest tertile as a reference, after adjustment for all the covariates, the highest tertile was significantly associated with ICU mortality [odds ratio (OR), 1.353; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.018–1.797] and in-hospital mortality (OR, 1.319; 95% CI, 1.003–1.735), especially in the population without diabetes. The 24-hVBGCV may be associated with ICU and in-hospital mortality in patients with acute respiratory failure in the ICU, especially in those without diabetes.

Point-of-Care Testing Using Invasive and Non-Invasive Hemoglobinometers: Reliable and Valid Method for Estimation of Hemoglobin among Children 6–59 Months

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gomathi Ramaswamy ◽  
Kashish Vohra ◽  
Kapil Yadav ◽  
Ravneet Kaur ◽  
Tripti Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Hematology Analyzer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Introduction Globally around 47.4% of children and in India, 58% of children aged 6–59 months are anemic. Diagnosis of anemia in children using accurate technologies and providing adequate treatment is essential to reduce the burden of anemia. Point-of-care testing (POCT) devices is a potential option for estimation of hemoglobin in peripheral and field settings were the hematology analyzer and laboratory services are not available. Objectives To access the validity of the POCTs (invasive and non-invasive devices) for estimation of hemoglobin among children aged 6–59 months compared with hematology analyzer. Methods The study participants were enrolled from the pediatric outpatient department in Haryana, India, from November 2019 to January 2020. Hemoglobin levels of the study participants were estimated in Sahli’s hemoglobinometer and invasive digital hemoglobinometers (DHs) using capillary blood samples. Hemoglobin levels in non-invasive DH were assessed from the finger/toe of the children. Hemoglobin levels measured in POCTs were compared against the venous blood hemoglobin estimated in the hematology analyzer. Results A total of 120 children were enrolled. The mean (SD) of hemoglobin (g/dl) estimated in auto-analyzer was 9.4 (1.8), Sahli’s hemoglobinometer was 9.2 (1.9), invasive DH was 9.7 (1.9), and non-invasive DH was 11.9 (1.5). Sahli’s hemoglobinometer (95.5%) and invasive DH (92.2%) had high sensitivity for the diagnosis of anemia compared with non-invasive DH (24.4%). In contrast, non-invasive DH had higher specificity (96.7%) compared with invasive DH (83.3%) and Sahli’s hemoglobinometer (70%). Invasive DH took the least time (2–3 min) for estimation of hemoglobin per participant, followed by Sahli’s (4–5 min) and non-invasive DH (5–7 min). Conclusion All three POCT devices used in this study are reasonable and feasible for estimating hemoglobin in under-5 children. Invasive DHs are potential POCT devices for diagnosis of anemia among under-5 children, while Sahli’s can be considered as a possible option, where trained and skilled technicians are available. Further research and development are required in non-invasive DH to improve accuracy. Lay summary In India, anemia is a serious public health problem, where 58% of the children aged 6–59 months are anemic. Point-of-care testing (POCT) using digital hemoglobinometers (DHs) has been recommended as one of the key interventions by the Anemia Mukt Bharat program since 2018 in India. These POCT devices are easy to use, less invasive, can be carried to field, require minimal training and results are available immediately. Therefore this study assessed the validity of POCT devices—invasive DH, non-invasive DH and Sahli’s hemoglobinometer among 6–59 months children in facility setting compared with the gold standard hematology analyzer. A total of 120 children under 6–59 months of age were enrolled from the pediatric outpatient department in Haryana, India, from November 2019 to January 2020. The (mean hemoglobin in g/dl) invasive (9.7) and non-invasive DH (11.9) overestimated hemoglobin value, while Sahli’s (9.2) underestimated hemoglobin compared with hematology analyzer (9.4). Invasive DH (92.2%) and Sahli’s hemoglobinometer (95.5%) reported high ability to correctly identify those with anemia compared with non-invasive DH (24.4%). In contrast, non-invasive DH (96.73%) had higher ability to correctly identify those without the anemia compared with invasive DH (83.3%) and Sahli’s (70%).

Effects of multiple injections of LH on the secretion of pregnane compounds from polycystic ovaries of androgen-sterilized rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sawada
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Classical Approach ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
Multiple Injections ◽  
Progesterone Metabolites ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Differences in the secretion of pregnane compounds by follicular polycystic ovaries of androgen-sterilized rats and by normal preovulatory ovaries of early prooestrous rats were compared. Some rats were injected i.v. with LH 30 min before bleeding, in order to stimulate the secretion of steroids. This injection of LH greatly increased the secretion of progesterone, 5α-pregnane-3,20-dione and 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one by both types of ovaries. The response of the two progesterone metabolites in the polycystic ovaries was low, suggesting low 5α-reductase activity. Because it is known that the preovulatory LH surge is absent in androgen-sterilized rats, a classical approach was taken to circumvent the probable deficit in cyclic release of LH by giving an i.v. injection of LH (25 μg) every 4 days for 16 days. Ovarian venous blood was collected 4 days after the last injection. The mean secretion of 5α-pregnane-3,20-dione and 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one from the ovaries of such androgen-sterilized rats became much (P <0·01) higher than that of multiple saline-treated controls. These results suggest that low 5α-reductase activity of polycystic ovaries in androgen-sterilized rats may be due to the absence of cyclic release of LH from the pituitary gland. J. Endocr. (1986) 110, 507–510

Insulin Responses During Catch-up Growth of Infants Who Were Small for Gestational Age

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-371
Author(s):  
Eleanor Colle ◽  
David Schiff ◽  
Gail Andrew ◽  
Charles B. Bauer ◽  
Pamela Fitzhardinge
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Insulin Responses ◽  
Permissive Role

Growth characteristics of 15 full-term infants, selected because of weights more than 2 SD below the mean for gestational age, are described. The response to an intravenous injection of glucose was utilized to measure the insulin response of the infants at 6 months. Infants small for gestational age grow at a faster rate than appropriate-for-age infants during the first six months of life. There was a positive correlation between the growth velocity of the period and insulin release and a negative correlation between growth velocity and birth length. There was no correlation between these variables and increases in weight during the same period. Growth velocity during catch-up growth is related to the degree of preceding retardation but insulin may play a permissive role.

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