GLUCOSE METABOLISM DURING AND AFTER PREGNANCY IN NORMAL AND GESTATIONAL DIABETIC WOMEN

1975 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kühl
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Endogenous Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response To Glucose ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Mean Glucose

ABSTRACT Glucose and insulin concentrations during basal fasting conditions and after an oral challenge with glucose have been studied during early, mid and late pregnancy and also after delivery in a group of 9 normal women. No significant changes in the fasting serum glucose concentration was observed during pregnancy. In contrast the fasting serum insulin gradually increased. No changes in the mean glucose concentration curve were observed until the second half of pregnancy where the level of the curve was significantly elevated, but statistically calculated limits of normality derived from a special study of non-pregnant normal controls were not exceeded. The serum insulin response to glucose was significantly increased at all stages of gestation and in parallel the insulin-to-glucose index calculated for the total areas below the insulin and glucose concentration curves increased significantly. The fasting insulin-to-glucose index also increased and was found to be significantly correlated to the stage of gestation. The shape of the glucose and insulin curves was modified in the opposite direction by pregnancy: the peak value of glucose was delayed whereas that of insulin was advanced. The results indicate that in pregnancy a diminished 'peripheral sensitivity' to endogenous insulin apparently develops. As it can be seen both in the basal fasting state and after challenge with glucose a permanent influence of pregnancy on serum insulin secretion seems most likely. Therefore, the possible involvement of the hormones of pregnancy should first be considered as a cause of these findings. However, different factors, e. g. altered levels of pro-insulin or glucagon, might also be involved in the mechanism.

HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN CONCENTRATION DURING PHYSIOLOGICAL FLUCTUATIONS OF SERUM GLUCOSE IN NORMAL PREGNANT AND GESTATIONAL DIABETIC WOMEN

1975 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kühl ◽  
P. Gæde ◽  
J. G. Klebe ◽  
J. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Placental Lactogen ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Mean Glucose ◽  
Concentration Curves

ABSTRACT Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were carried out in 9 normal pregnant women and 11 non-obese gestational diabetics in late pregnancy. All samples were analysed for the content of glucose, insulin and placental lactogen hormone (HPL). Furthermore, spontaneous changes in the serum HPL concentration during a 3 h period were studied in 6 normal women in the 2nd half of pregnancy. During OGTT only small and insignificant changes in the level of HPL were observed in both the normal subjects and the gestational diabetics. Furthermore, the mean HPL concentration curves of the normal subjects and the gestational diabetics were superimposed although the mean glucose concentration curves were significantly different. The study of spontaneous changes in HPL revealed only small and insignificant fluctuations in the serum HPL level, and the mean concentration curve resembled those obtained from the OGTT-study. It is concluded that neither the absolute serum glucose level, nor physiological fluctuations in the serum glucose concentration seemed to influence the serum concentration of HPL in this type of patients.

PSVI-9 Effects of dietary boron supplementation on growth performance, fasting and postprandial serum insulin, and glucose concentration of pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 398-398
Author(s):  
Tyler B Chevalier ◽  
Merlin D Lindemann
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Fasting Serum Glucose ◽  
Linear Decrease ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
D 20

Abstract A 49-d experiment evaluated the effects of supplemental boron (B) on growth, and serum insulin and glucose concentration of pigs. Crossbred pigs [n = 48; initial body weight (BW) 19.18 ± 0.29 kg] were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 diets based on BW and sex. Diets were corn-SBM-based, formulated to meet NRC (2012) nutrient requirement estimates, and were supplemented with 0, 25, 50, or 100 mg B/kg diet as sodium tetraborate decahydrate. On d 20 and 41, blood samples were collected. Fasting samples were collected following an overnight fast; then a postprandial sample was taken approximately 50 minutes after the pigs had 10 minutes of ad libitum access to feed. Samples were processed and serum analyzed for insulin and glucose concentration. Increasing B levels resulted in a linear decrease for overall ADG (0.87, 0.86, 0.85, and 0.82 kg, P = 0.02). On d 20, supplemental B resulted in a quadratic response on fasting serum glucose concentration (5.25, 4.80, 4.65, and 5.01, P = 0.03) and a linear decrease in postprandial serum insulin concentration (29.1, 25.5, 18.2, and 18.1 µU/mL, P = 0.02). Furthermore, there was a tendency for a linear decrease in fasting insulin:glucose ratio (0.85, 0.84, 0.42, and 0.59, P = 0.08), which became more noticeable during the postprandial state (3.96, 3.63, 2.63, and 2.73, P = 0.02). Again on d 41, there was a quadratic response on fasting serum glucose concentration (4.32, 4.07, 3.91, and 4.68, P = 0.01) with supplemental B. Results suggest that supplemental boron may impact serum insulin and glucose concentrations by reducing the amount of insulin needed to maintain glucose concentrations. However, higher levels of supplemental boron did result in suppressed growth performance. Thus, additional research is warranted to determine the optimum level of supplemental B.

scholarly journals Serum Proinsulin in Bangladeshi Subjects with Impaired Glucose Tolerance

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
S Sultana ◽  
Z Zeba ◽  
A Hossain ◽  
A Khaleque ◽  
R Zinnat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Insulin Secretory Capacity ◽  
Proinsulin Level ◽  
Secretory Capacity

Hyperproinsulinemia is commonly present in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. The present study was undertaken to investigate the proinsulin level in Bangladeshi IGT subjects and to explore its association with insulin resistance. This observational study was conducted under a case-control design with IGT subjects (n=50) and controls (n=44). IGT was diagnosed following the WHO Study Group Criteria. Serum glucose was measured by glucose-oxidase method, serum lipid profile by enzymatic method and serum insulin and serum proinsulin were measured by ELISA method. Insulin secretory capacity (HOMA%B) and insulin sensitivity (HOMA%S) were calculated from fasting serum glucose and fasting serum insulin by homeostasis model assessment. The study subjects were age- and BMI- matched. Mean (±SD) age (yrs) of the control and IGT subjects were 40±6 and 40±5 respectively (p=0.853). Mean (±SD) BMI of the control and IGT subjects were 23±3 and 22±2 respectively (p=0.123). Fasting glucose was not significantly higher in IGT subjects, but serum glucose 2 hours after 75 gm glucose load was significantly higher in IGT subjects. Median (Range) value of fasting serum glucose (mmol/l) of control and IGT subjects were 5.3 (3.8-6) and 5.2 (4-12) respectively; (p=0.297). Median (Range) value of serum glucose (mmol/l) 2 hours after 75 gm glucose load of control and IGT subjects were 6.1 (3-7.8) and 7.9 (5- 21) respectively; (p=0.001). Fasting TG was significantly higher in IGT subjects and LDL-c was significantly lower in IGT subjects. Serum Total cholesterol and HDL-c were not significantly different between the IGT and control subjects. Median (Range) value of fasting serum TG (mg/dl) of control and IGT subjects were 119 (51-474) and 178 (82-540) respectively; (p=0.001). Median (Range) value of fasting serum T chol (mg/dl) of control and IGT subjects were 180 (65-272) and 186 (140-400) respectively; (p=0.191). Median (Range) value of fasting serum HDL-C (mg/dl) of control and IGT subjects were 29 (19-45) and 31 (15-78) respectively; (p=0.914). Median (Range) value of fasting serum LDL-C (mg/dl) of control and IGT subjects were 117(29-201) and 111(41- 320) respectively; (p=0.001). Fasting serum proinsulin was significantly higher in IGT subjects. Median (Range) value of fasting serum proinsulin (pmol/l) of control and IGT subjects were 9.2(1.8-156) and 17(3-51) respectively; (p=0.001). Insulin secretory capacity (HOMA%B) was higher but insulin sensitivity (HOMA%S) was significantly lower in case of IGT subjects. Median (Range) value of HOMA%B of control and IGT subjects were 97(46-498) and 164(17-300) respectively; (p=0.001). Median (Range) value of HOMA%S of control and IGT subjects were 68(19-270) and 39(15-110) respectively (p=0.001). In multiple regression analysis a significant negative association was found between fasting proinsulin and insulin sensitivity (p=0.037). The data led to the following conclusions: a) Insulin resistance is the predominant defect in Bangladeshi IGT subjects. b) Basal proinsulin level is significantly increased in IGT subjects. c) Insulin resistance is negatively associated with serum proinsulin in IGT subjects. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v7i2.22411 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2014; 7(2): 41-46

Glucose-induced changes in pancreatic islet blood flow mediated by central nervous system

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (6) ◽  
pp. E644-E647 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jansson ◽  
C. Hellerstrom
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Serum Insulin Concentration ◽  
Islet Blood Flow

Earlier experiments with the microsphere technique suggested that a heightened serum glucose concentration consistently leads to an increase in islet blood flow (IBF). Several lines of evidence suggest that this glucose-sensitive control mechanism is located at an extrapancreatic site. The purpose of this study was to define the possible role of the central nervous system in such a mechanism. D-glucose, L-glucose, 3-O-methylglucose, or saline were therefore infused into the carotid artery, each at a dose of 1 mg X kg body wt-1 X min-1 for 3 min, and the pancreatic and islet blood flows were measured. None of these substances affected the systemic serum glucose level. The intracarotid infusion of D-glucose, however, caused a rapid increase in both the serum insulin concentration and IBF. The blood flow to the whole pancreas nevertheless remained unchanged, indicating a redistribution of flow within the gland. Carotid infusion of the other test substances or a similar amount of D-glucose given in a femoral vein did not affect these parameters. Both the increase in serum insulin concentration and the increase in IBF caused by D-glucose could be abolished by vagotomy or administration of atropine. When the systemic blood glucose concentration was increased by intraperitoneal glucose administration (2 g/kg body wt), vagotomy blocked the increase in islet blood flow but not the concomitant insulin release. These observations suggest that the glucose-induced increase in IBF is mediated by vagal cholinergic influences.

Opioid antagonism alters blood glucose homeostasis during exercise in humans

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 2452-2460 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Hickey ◽  
S. W. Trappe ◽  
A. C. Blostein ◽  
B. A. Edwards ◽  
B. Goodpaster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Endogenous Opioid ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Blood Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Exercise In Humans

In an attempt to clarify the role of endogenous opioid peptides in substrate mobilization and hormonal responses to dynamic exercise, eight trained cyclists completed exercise trials at 90% of maximal O2 consumption (VO2max) until exhaustion and at 70% VO2max for 90 min. Trials were conducted after intravenous administration of the opiate antagonist naloxone (NAL, 0.1 mg/kg bolus + 0.1 mg.kg-1.h-1) or volume-matched saline (SAL) at each intensity. Serum glucose was maintained at significantly higher levels at 60 and 90 min of exercise in the 70%-NAL than in the 70%-SAL trial and at all points during exercise and at 30 and 60 min of recovery in the 90%-NAL than in the 90%-SAL trial. The serum insulin response to exercise was not altered by NAL administration at either intensity. Serum C-peptide was approximately 50% higher at 60 and 90 min of exercise in the 70%-NAL than in the 70%-SAL trial but was significantly lower during exercise in the 90%-NAL than in the 90%-SAL trial. The plasma glucagon response to exercise at 70% VO2max was not altered by NAL administration but was significantly elevated in the 90%-NAL vs. the 90%-SAL trial. Plasma epinephrine was 50–150% (approximately 2–3 nM) higher during exercise from 30 to 90 min of exercise in the 70%-NAL than in the 70%-SAL trial and was higher at termination (4.9 +/- 2.1 vs. 2.7 +/- 1.7 nM) in the 90%-NAL than in the 90%-SAL trial, although the difference in the 90% trial was not statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Role of Ca2+ in impaired insulin release from islets of diabetic (C57BL/KsJ-db/db) mice

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (2) ◽  
pp. E132-E138
Author(s):  
E. G. Siegel ◽  
C. B. Wollheim ◽  
G. W. Sharp ◽  
L. Herberg ◽  
A. E. Renold
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Isolated Islets ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Impaired Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response To Glucose

The involvement of Ca2+ in the impaired insulin release of diabetic C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice was studied. Twenty-week-old severely hyperglycemic mice were compared to nondiabetic C57BL/KsJ mice as controls. Collagenase-isolated islets were maintained for 46 h in tissue culture allowing for equilibration at the same glucose concentration (8.3) mM). The insulin content of both types of islets was similar. In control islets preloaded during culture with 45Ca2+ glucose-induced insulin release was associated with increased 45Ca2+ effux. Islets from diabetic mice showed markedly reduced insulin response to glucose and a smaller increase in 45Ca2+ efflux. Because insulin release was strikingly potentiated by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), even more than in control islets, there was no generalized release defect. In both types of islets, IBMX potentiation was accompanied by a further enhanced 45Ca2+ efflux, possibly suggesting that cAMP effects are associated with increased cytosol Ca2+% concentrations. As Ca2+ uptake was stimulated by glucose in both types of islets, a defect may lie in the mechanism by which glucose uses cellulr calcium to raise cytosol Ca2+ in the beta-cell of these diabetic mice.

scholarly journals The Glycemic Effects of Pomegranate Juice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 486-486
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Sijia Wang ◽  
Jieping Yang ◽  
Ru-Po Li ◽  
Xinyi Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Pomegranate Juice ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Sugar Water ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Lower Glucose

Abstract Objectives We recently showed that a single dose of pomegranate juice (PomJ) intake reduced fasting glucose and increased insulin in young healthy subjects. Our study aims to determine the responses of blood glucose as well as principle hormones involved in glucose homeostasis (insulin, C-peptide, glucagon and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP)) after consuming a single dose of 8 oz PomJ, glucose/fructose dissolved in water compared to water in healthy subjects. Methods 21 Healthy, normal weight individuals (BMI of >18 to 26.9 kg/m2, fasting serum glucose < 100 mg/dL) were recruited. Volunteers were randomly assigned to take a single dose of 8 oz of water, PomJ, or water with 18.6 g of glucose + 18.3 g of fructose to match PomJ sugar content, followed by 1-week wash out, and crossover to other interventions in a random order. Fasting blood was collected before, and at 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes (min) after the drink. Serum glucose was measured enzymatically (Cayman) and insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, and GIP were analyzed using the multiplex human cytokine panel (Millipore). Results 21 healthy volunteers were divided in to 2 groups according to the fasting serum insulin levels: healthy subjects with low fasting serum insulin ≤995 pg/mL (LFSI, n = 12) and healthy subjects with high fasting serum insulin >995 pg/mL (HFSI, n = 9). In all subjects, water intake did not change the levels of glucose and hormonal markers. In LFSI subjects, significant lower glucose at 15 min and GIP at both 15 min and 30 min were observed after PomJ compared to sugar water intake. The area under the curve of serum GIP from LFSI volunteers consuming PomJ was lower compared to sugar water. The levels of insulin, C-peptides and glucagon in response to PomJ and sugar water intake were similar. In HFSI subjects, levels of glucose, C-peptide and glucagon in response to PomJ and sugar water intake were similar. Significant higher insulin at 15 and 30 min, and lower GIP at both 15, 30 and 60 min were observed after PomJ compared to sugar water intake. Conclusions Compared to identical amount of sugar in water, lower glucose response was observed after Pom J in LFSI subjects while higher insulin level and decreased GIP level in HFSI subjects without any difference in glucose. Our data suggest that components in PomJ likely regulate individuals’ glucose metabolism. Funding Sources Center for Human Nutrition.

Effect of insulin on the concentration of glucose and hormones in serum and milk yield of postpartum ewes

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1253-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Pope ◽  
D. M. Hallford
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Exogenous Insulin ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Ovarian Cyclicity

Eighteen mature Debouillet ewes with single lambs received either 0, 0.25 or 0.50 IU Lente insulin per kilogram body weight per day on days 11 through 20 postpartum. Hourly blood samples were obtained from 1 h before to 6 h after treatment on days 11 and 20. Serum insulin concentration was increased by 1 h after insulin injection on day 11 and was accompanied by a decrease in serum glucose concentration. By 6 h after treatment on days 11 and 20, serum glucose and insulin in ewes receiving 0.25 IU insulin had returned to control levels. Exogenous insulin did not induce ovarian cyclicity. Key words: Sheep, insulin, postpartum, anestrus, prolactin, somatotropin

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