scholarly journals Dietary-Induced Ketogenesis: Adults Are Not Children

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3093
Author(s):  
Keren Porper ◽  
Leor Zach ◽  
Yael Shpatz ◽  
Bruria Ben-Zeev ◽  
Michal Tzadok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Two Populations

There is increasing interest in the use of a ketogenic diet for various adult disorders; however, the ability of adults to generate ketones is unknown. Our goal was to challenge the hypothesis that there would be no difference between adults and children regarding their ability to enter ketosis. Methods: Two populations were studied, both treated with identical very low-carbohydrate high-fat diets: a retrospective series of children with epilepsy or/and metabolic disorders (2009–2016) and a prospective clinical trial of adults with glioblastoma. Dietary intake was assessed based upon written food diaries and 24-h dietary recall. Ketogenic ratio was calculated according to [grams of fat consumed]/[grams of carbohydrate and protein consumed]. Ketone levels (β-hydroxybutyrate) were measured in blood and/or urine. Results: A total of 168 encounters amongst 28 individuals were analyzed. Amongst both children and adults, ketone levels correlated with nutritional ketogenic ratio; however, the absolute ketone levels in adults were approximately one quarter of those seen in children. This difference was highly significant in a multivariate linear regression model, p < 0.0001. Conclusions: For diets with comparable ketogenic ratios, adults have lower blood ketone levels than children; consequently, high levels of nutritional ketosis are unobtainable in adults.

scholarly journals The Role of High Fat Diets and Liver Peptidase Activity in the Development of Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Wistar Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 636
Author(s):  
Germán Domínguez-Vías ◽  
Ana Belén Segarra ◽  
Manuel Ramírez-Sánchez ◽  
Isabel Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Peptidase Activity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Fat Diets

High-fat diets (HFD) have been widely associated with an increased risk of metabolic disorders and overweight. However, a high intake of sources that are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids has been suggested as a dietary agent that is able to positively influence energy metabolism and vascular function. The main objective of this study was to analyze the role of dietary fats on hepatic peptidases activities and metabolic disorders. Three diets: standard (S), HFD supplemented with virgin olive oil (VOO), and HFD supplemented with butter plus cholesterol (Bch), were administered over six months to male Wistar rats. Plasma and liver samples were collected for clinical biochemistry and aminopeptidase activities (AP) analysis. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was also determined by Western blot in liver samples. The diet supplement with VOO did not induce obesity, in contrast to the Bch group. Though the VOO diet increased the time that was needed to return to the basal levels of plasma glucose, the fasting insulin/glucose ratio and HOMA2-%B index (a homeostasis model index of insulin secretion and valuation of β-cell usefulness (% β-cell secretion)) were improved. An increase of hepatic membrane-bound dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) activity was found only in VOO rats, even if no differences in fasting plasma glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) were obtained. Both HFDs induced changes in hepatic pyroglutamyl-AP in the soluble fraction, but only the Bch diet increased the soluble tyrosyl-AP. Angiotensinase activities that are implicated in the metabolism of angiotensin II (AngII) to AngIV increased in the VOO diet, which was in agreement with the higher activity of insulin-regulated-AP (IRAP) in this group. Otherwise, the diet that was enriched with butter increased soluble gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and Leucyl-AP, iNOS expression in the liver, and plasma NO. In summary, VOO increased the hepatic activity of AP that were related to glucose metabolism (DPP4, angiotensinases, and IRAP). However, the Bch diet increased activities that are implicated in the control of food intake (Tyrosine-AP), the index of hepatic damage (Leucine-AP and GGT), and the expression of hepatic iNOS and plasma NO. Taken together, these results support that the source of fat in the diet affects several peptidases activities in the liver, which could be related to alterations in feeding behavior and glucose metabolism.

A Systematic Review of Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diets: Does the Research Evidence Support Practice?

2018 ◽  
Vol 118 (10) ◽  
pp. A126
Author(s):  
L. Ross ◽  
J. Musial ◽  
R. Hay ◽  
A. Cawte ◽  
D. McDermid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

An Understanding of Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diets and Cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
Vasundara Venkateswaran ◽  
Ahmed Q. Haddad ◽  
Laurence H. Klotz ◽  
Rob Nam ◽  
Neil E. Fleshner
Keyword(s):  
High Fat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

scholarly journals Very low-carbohydrate high-fat diets are superior to low-fat diets in improving cardiovascular markers: meta-analysis of large, long-term randomised controlled trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teuta Gjuladin-Hellon ◽  
Ian Davies ◽  
Jackie Fealey ◽  
Alexander Montasem ◽  
Katie Lane
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Fat Diets

AbstractOur recent study (1) showed that the amount of dietary carbohydrates in obesity interventions has differential effects on cardiovascular risk markers (CVM) and effects magnitude depends on intervention duration. Very-low carbohydrate high-fat diets (VLCD) were superior in ameliorating lipid markers compared to high-carbohydrate low-fat diets (LFD).We updated our systematic review and meta-analysis to include long-term effects of VLCD (< 50 g /day) on weight, glucose, total cholesterol, insulin and blood pressure (BP) among overweight/obese adults in comparison to LFD.Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Central, and CINAHLPlus were searched to identify large (n > 100) randomised controlled trials (RCT) with duration ≥ 6 months. Risk of bias, a random effects model and subgroup analyses based on duration of follow-up were performed using Review Manager. Results were reported according to PRISMA.Four open label RCT (n = 723; 362 VLCD; 361 LFD) with some form of behavioral intervention and duration 6–24 months were identified. VLCD showed more favorable effects on diastolic BP at 6 months (-1.96; 95%CI, -2.99 to 00.93; P = 0.0002) and 24 months (-2.69; 95%CI, -4.87 to -0.51; P = 0.001), near significant level at 12 months (-1.79; 95%CI, -3.56 to 0.04; P = 0.05) and an overall total favourable effect (-1.98; 95%CI, -2.73 to -1.22). The decrease in systolic BP was greater among VLCD for the whole period and the overall total effect reached the level of significance (-1.76; 95%CI, -3.56 to 0.04; P = 0.05). VLCD showed beneficial effect on total cholesterol level at 6 and 12 months (-0.01 mmol/L; 95%CI, -0.01 to –0.00; P = 0.002 and -0.01 mmol/L; 95%CI, -0.01 to –0.00; P = 0.005, respectively). The mean changes in weight, and fasting glucose and insulin levels revealed non-significant differences between both diets at any measured time, although these parameters decreased within both groups compared to baseline.VLCD led to significant total weighted mean decrease of diastolic BP and near significant decrease of systolic BP independent of changes in body weight, fasting glucose or insulin levels. The present data on decreased levels of diastolic BP and total cholesterol, combined with our recently published results on increased HDL-cholesterol, decreased triglycerides and no significant effect on LDL-cholesterol (1) provide evidence that VLCD are superior to LFD in improving traditional CVM in longer term.

Adipose tissue metabolism of obese mice on standard and high-fat diets

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serene Lochaya ◽  
Nicole Leboeuf ◽  
Jean Mayer ◽  
Bernard Leboeuf
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbon Incorporation ◽  
Adipose Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Carbon ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Feeding

Adipose tissue metabolism in vitro was studied, after substitution for several weeks of synthetic low-carbohydrate, high-fat (saturated or unsaturated) diets for the standard chow diet, in obese hyperglycemic mice and in their nonobese littermates. In tissue from nonobese mice fed the high-fat diets, glucose metabolism to CO2 and to fatty acids was diminished in the absence of added hormone, while glucose carbon incorporation to glyceride-glycerol was increased. Under insulin (0.1 unit/ml) stimulation, total glucose uptake was relatively decreased by the diets, as was glucose metabolism to CO2, to fatty acids, and to glycogen; however, glucose carbon incorporation to glyceride-glycerol was unaltered. Under epinephrine stimulation, the sum of glucose carbon recovery was less after high-fat feeding. No effect of high-fat feeding was detected on base-line rates of free fatty acid release nor on the effects of insulin or epinephrine on this process. No differences were found between the effects of saturated- or unsaturated-fat diets on any parameters. The metabolism of adipose tissue from obese mice was slightly, if at all, affected by high-fat feeding. These results are discussed in reference to the normal adaptation to low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets and to the metabolic abnormalities present in obese hyperglycemic mice.

scholarly journals High-fat Diets: Modeling the Metabolic Disorders of Human Obesity in Rodents*

Obesity ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 798-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Buettner ◽  
Jürgen Schölmerich ◽  
L. Cornelius Bollheimer
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Human Obesity ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document