scholarly journals The Role of High Fat Diets and Liver Peptidase Activity in the Development of Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Wistar Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 636
Author(s):  
Germán Domínguez-Vías ◽  
Ana Belén Segarra ◽  
Manuel Ramírez-Sánchez ◽  
Isabel Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Peptidase Activity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Fat Diets

High-fat diets (HFD) have been widely associated with an increased risk of metabolic disorders and overweight. However, a high intake of sources that are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids has been suggested as a dietary agent that is able to positively influence energy metabolism and vascular function. The main objective of this study was to analyze the role of dietary fats on hepatic peptidases activities and metabolic disorders. Three diets: standard (S), HFD supplemented with virgin olive oil (VOO), and HFD supplemented with butter plus cholesterol (Bch), were administered over six months to male Wistar rats. Plasma and liver samples were collected for clinical biochemistry and aminopeptidase activities (AP) analysis. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was also determined by Western blot in liver samples. The diet supplement with VOO did not induce obesity, in contrast to the Bch group. Though the VOO diet increased the time that was needed to return to the basal levels of plasma glucose, the fasting insulin/glucose ratio and HOMA2-%B index (a homeostasis model index of insulin secretion and valuation of β-cell usefulness (% β-cell secretion)) were improved. An increase of hepatic membrane-bound dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) activity was found only in VOO rats, even if no differences in fasting plasma glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) were obtained. Both HFDs induced changes in hepatic pyroglutamyl-AP in the soluble fraction, but only the Bch diet increased the soluble tyrosyl-AP. Angiotensinase activities that are implicated in the metabolism of angiotensin II (AngII) to AngIV increased in the VOO diet, which was in agreement with the higher activity of insulin-regulated-AP (IRAP) in this group. Otherwise, the diet that was enriched with butter increased soluble gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and Leucyl-AP, iNOS expression in the liver, and plasma NO. In summary, VOO increased the hepatic activity of AP that were related to glucose metabolism (DPP4, angiotensinases, and IRAP). However, the Bch diet increased activities that are implicated in the control of food intake (Tyrosine-AP), the index of hepatic damage (Leucine-AP and GGT), and the expression of hepatic iNOS and plasma NO. Taken together, these results support that the source of fat in the diet affects several peptidases activities in the liver, which could be related to alterations in feeding behavior and glucose metabolism.

scholarly journals Long-Term Exposure to [Cr3O(O2CCH2CH3)6(H2O)3]+ in Wistar Rats Fed Normal or High-Fat Diets Does Not Alter Glucose Metabolism

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty J. Herring ◽  
Amanda L. Logsdon ◽  
Jarrett E. Lockard ◽  
Brittany M. Miller ◽  
Hanna Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

scholarly journals Vanadium in high-fat diets sourced from egg yolk decreases growth and antioxidative status of Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Ping Wang ◽  
Ren-Yong Cui ◽  
Xue-Mei Ding ◽  
Shi-Ping Bai ◽  
Qiu-Feng Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Antioxidative Status ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Hepatoprotective effect of chewable tablet of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb extractin Wistar rats induced by high fat diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akrom ◽  
Feri Anggita Hastanto ◽  
Laela hayu Nurani
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Chewable Tablet ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Fat Diets

Gotukola or Centella asiatica (L.) Urban contains high flavonoids which well known as fatty liver protector. This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of chewable tablet of C. asiatica (L.) Urb extract (CTCE) in Wistar rats induced by high fat diets. Twenty-one Wistar male rats aged 8-12 weeks with body weight ranging from 100-150 g were used in this study. Rats were randomly divided into seven groups i.e. Group 1 as normal control, rats were given standard food, Group 2 as high fat diets control, rats were induced high fat diets (HFD),Group 3 as positive control, rats were induced HFD and given simvastatin, Group 4 as placebo control, rats were induced HFD and given placebo, Group 5-7 as treatment group, rats were induced HFD and given CTCE at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg BW, respectively. The HFD induction was conducted for five weeks andthe CTCE was given for one week in the last week of the induction. At the end of the intervention, blood triglyceride levels and SGPT as well SGOT activities were examined. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with confidence interval of 95% (p<0.05) was applied. The results showed that the HFD induction increased the serum triglyceride levels and SGPT activity. The serum triglyceride levels and SGPT activity of Group 2 were significantly higher than Group 1 (p<0.05). Furthermore, the simvastatin and CTCE administration reduced the serum triglyceride levels and SGPT activity. The serum triglyceride levels and SGPT activity of Group 3, 5, 6and 7 were significantly lower than Group 2 and 4 (p<0.05). In addition, the serum triglyceride levels and SGPT activity of Group 5, 6 and 7 were significantly lower than Group 3 (p<0.05). In conclusion, CTCE can reduce the serum triglyceride levels and SGPT activity in Wistar rats induced by HFD.

scholarly journals Developmental programming of brain and behavior by perinatal diet: focus on inflammatory mechanisms

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-320 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fetal Brain Development ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
And Behavior

Obesity is now epidemic worldwide. Beyond associated diseases such as diabetes, obesity is linked to neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression. Alarmingly maternal obesity and high-fat diet consumption during gestation/lactation may "program" offspring longterm for increased obesity themselves, along with increased vulnerability to mood disorders. We review the evidence that programming of brain and behavior by perinatal diet is propagated by inflammatory mechanisms, as obesity and high-fat diets are independently associated with exaggerated systemic levels of inflammatory mediators. Due to the recognized dual role of these immune molecules (eg, interleukin [IL]-6, 11-1β) in placental function and brain development, any disruption of their delicate balance with growth factors or neurotransmitters (eg, serotonin) by inflammation early in life can permanently alter the trajectory of fetal brain development. Finally, epigenetic regulation of inflammatory pathways is a likely candidate for persistent changes in metabolic and brain function as a consequence of the perinatal environment.

scholarly journals Dietary carbohydrates modulate metabolic and β-cell adaptation to high-fat diet-induced obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (6) ◽  
pp. E856-E865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy K. Her ◽  
William S. Lagakos ◽  
Matthew R. Brown ◽  
Nathan K. LeBrasseur ◽  
Kuntol Rakshit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrates ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Severe Restriction ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Pancreatic Islet Cell ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Obesity is associated with several chronic comorbidities, one of which is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The pathogenesis of obesity and T2DM is influenced by alterations in diet macronutrient composition, which regulate energy expenditure, metabolic function, glucose homeostasis, and pancreatic islet cell biology. Recent studies suggest that increased intake of dietary carbohydrates plays a previously underappreciated role in the promotion of obesity and consequent metabolic dysfunction. Thus, in this study, we utilized mouse models to test the hypothesis that dietary carbohydrates modulate energetic, metabolic, and islet adaptions to high-fat diets. To address this, we exposed C57BL/6J mice to 12 wk of 3 eucaloric high-fat diets (>60% calories from fat) with varying total carbohydrate (1–20%) and sucrose (0–20%) content. Our results show that severe restriction of dietary carbohydrates characteristic of ketogenic diets reduces body fat accumulation, enhances energy expenditure, and reduces prevailing glycemia and insulin resistance compared with carbohydrate-rich, high-fat diets. Moreover, severe restriction of dietary carbohydrates also results in functional, morphological, and molecular changes in pancreatic islets highlighted by restricted capacity for β-cell mass expansion and alterations in insulin secretory response. These studies support the hypothesis that low-carbohydrate/high-fat diets provide antiobesogenic benefits and suggest further evaluation of the effects of these diets on β-cell biology in humans.

scholarly journals High-fat Diets: Modeling the Metabolic Disorders of Human Obesity in Rodents*

Obesity ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 798-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Buettner ◽  
Jürgen Schölmerich ◽  
L. Cornelius Bollheimer
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Human Obesity ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

scholarly journals The role of high-fat diets and physical activity in the regulation of body weight

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Schrauwen ◽  
Klaas R. Westerterp
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Fat Diets

The prevalence of obesity is increasing in westernized societies. In the USA the age-adjusted prevalence of BMI ≫30 kg/m2 increased between 1960 and 1994 from 13 % to 23 % for people over 20 years of age. This increase in the prevalence of obesity has been attributed to an increased fat intake and a decreased physical activity. However, the role of the impact of the level of dietary fat intake on human obesity has been challenged. High-fat diets, due to their high energy density, stimulate voluntary energy intake. An increased fat intake does not stimulate its own oxidation but the fat is stored in the human body. When diet composition is isoenergetically switched from low to high fat, fat oxidation only slowly increases, resulting in positive fat balances on the short term. Together with a diminished fat oxidation capacity in pre-obese subjects, high-fat diets can therefore be considered to be fattening. Another environmental factor which could explain the increasing prevalence of obesity is a decrease in physical activity. The percentage of body fat is negatively associated with physical activity and exercise has pronounced effects on energy expenditure and substrate oxidation. High-intensity exercise, due to a lowering of glycogen stores, can lead to a rapid increase in fat oxidation, which could compensate for the consumption of high-fat diets in westernized societies. Although the consumption of high-fat diets and low physical activity will easily lead to the development of obesity, there is still considerable inter-individual variability in body composition in individuals on similar diets. This can be attributed to the genetic background, and some candidate genes have been discovered recently. Both leptin and uncoupling protein have been suggested to play a role in the prevention of diet-induced obesity. Indeed, leptin levels are increased on a high-fat diet but this effect can be attributed to the increased fat mass observed on the high-fat diet. No effect of a high-fat diet per se on leptin levels is observed. Uncoupling proteins are increased by high-fat diets in rats but no data are available in human subjects yet. In conclusion, the increased intake of dietary fat and a decreasing physical activity level are the most important environmental factors explaining the increased prevalence of obesity in westernized societies.

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